what is anatomy?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHAT IS ANATOMY?
ANATOMY: studies structures of body parts and their relationships to other body parts.
Examples:
* Patella
* Aorta
*Frontal Lobe
![Page 3: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHAT TYPES OF ANATOMY ARE THERE?
1. Gross: Macroscopic Anatomy
Regional: Structures in a particular area of the body (such as abdomen or leg) Systemic: Studied system by system.
Surface: Studying internal structures as related to overlying skin.
![Page 4: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHAT TYPES OF ANATOMY ARE THERE?
2. Microscopic: Too small for the naked eye
Cytology: Studying anatomy at the cellular level.
Histology: Study of tissues
![Page 5: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHAT TYPES OF ANATOMY ARE THERE?
3. Developmental Anatomy: Traces structural changes throughout an individuals life span
Embryology: Developmental changes of the body before birth.
![Page 6: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY?
Physiology: Study of how all the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. Study of body FUNCTIONING.
![Page 7: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Is usually studied systemically.
• What would cardiovascular physiology study?
![Page 8: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PRINCIPAL OF COMPLEMENTARY
****FUNCTION ALWAYS REFLECTS STRUCTURE****
![Page 9: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Chemical (atoms combine to form molecules)
Cellular (cells are made of molecules)
Tissue (consists of similar types of cells)
Organ (made up of different tissues)
Organ System (consists of different organs that work together)
Organism (made up of all the organ systems)
![Page 10: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering
Composed of skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails
Protects deep tissues from injury
Synthesizes vitamin D
![Page 12: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Skeletal System
Composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments
Protects and supports body organs
Provides the framework for muscles
Site of blood cell formation
Stores minerals
![Page 13: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Muscular System
Composed of muscles and tendons
Movement
Maintain Posture
Produces heat
![Page 14: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Nervous System
Composed of the brain, spinal column, and nerves
Is fast-acting
Helps with control of the body
Responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands
![Page 15: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Cardiovascular System
Composed of the heart and blood vessels
![Page 16: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Lymphatic System
Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
Houses white blood cells involved in immunity
![Page 17: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Respiratory System
Composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
![Page 18: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Digestive System
Composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood
Eliminates indigestible food
![Page 19: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
Regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood
![Page 20: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Male Reproductive System
Prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, and ductus deferens
Main function is the production of offspring
Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
Ducts and glands deliver sperm to female reproductive tract
![Page 21: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Female Reproductive System
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Main function is the production of offspring
Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
Remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
Mammary glands produce milk to nourish the newborn
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kJmypE1DGQ
![Page 22: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HOMEOSTASIS
We need equilibrium!
Chemical, thermal, and neutral factors interact to maintain homeostasis
![Page 24: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Output shuts off the original stimulus
Example: Regulation of blood glucose levels
![Page 26: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Output enhances the original stimulus
Example: Regulation of blood clotting
![Page 27: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body
![Page 28: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ANATOMICAL TERMS
Superior and inferior- toward and away from the head, respectively
Anterior and posterior- toward the front and back of the body
Medial, lateral, and intermediate- toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure
![Page 29: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ANATOMICAL TERMS
Proximal and distal- closer to and farther from the origin of the body
Superficial and deep- toward and away from the body surface
![Page 30: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: WHAT IS ANATOMY?ahrensscience.weebly.com/.../0/8590890/anatomy_intro_pdf.pdf · 2018-10-11 · Composed of muscles and tendons Movement Maintain Posture Produces heat . ORGAN SYSTEMS](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042620/5f3e0a52119dc328df429e80/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)