What is a subject pronoun?

A word that shows who is doing the actionof the verb.

English Subject Pronouns

Singular Plural_______1st person I we

2nd person you you

3rd person masc He they Fem. she

Spanish Subject Pronouns

Singular1st person yo2nd person familiar tú2nd person formal

usted (Ud.)

3rd person masc. él3rd person fem. ella

Pluralnosotros/

nosotrasvosotros/

vosotrasustedes (Uds)

ellosellas

Remember! There are two 2nd person pronouns

for you in the singular Tú (famliar) usted (formal)

And two in the Plural vosotros/as (familiar) ustedes (formal)Usted and ustedes can be abbreviated toUd and uds

Don’t forget! 3rd person plural and singular (él,

ella, ellos, ellas) can be replaced by: Proper nouns

Names, titles, nouns examples:

• Él can be replaced with José, el profesor, mi amigo, etc.

What is a verb?

A word that shows action or state of being.

Vocabulary to know

ConjugationInfinitiveTenseStem/root

Conjugation: Changing the verb form and ending to match the subject and tense

Infinitive: The form of the verb that has no subject and tense. In English it starts with the word “to”In Spanish the verb ends with “ar, er, ir”. Example: to talk / hablar

Tense The time the action of the verb

takes place, Present, past, future

Stem / root Portion of the verb that is left after

removing the infinitive ending

Example: hablar - ar = habl The stem or root is HABL

Spanish verbs

All Spanish verbs end withar, er, irThis is the infinitive form and is equivelant to “to + verb” in English

Verb Conjugation The infinitive ending, ar, er, ir is

removed / use the stem The new ending is added to match

the subject and tense (time) to tell who and when

The endings match the subject and follow a pattern

All verbs are regular or irregular

How it works:

Remove the ending: Hablar Habl >>>>>

arUse the stem

habl

Add the new ending to match the subject and tense

Present tense endings for regular ar verbs: o amos

as áis

a an

Hablar to speakconjugated in the present tense

Yo hablo Tú hablas Usted habla Él habla Ella habla

Nosotros/as hablamos Vosotros/as habláis Ustedes hablan Ellos hablan Ellas hablan

Now you try it with these verbs: ayudar buscar contestar enseñar escuchar preparar sacar usar

ayudo ayudas ayuda ayudamos ayudáis ayudan

Present tense endings for regular er verbs: o emos

es éis

e en

comer to eatconjugated in the present tense

Yo como Tú comes Usted come Él come Ella come

Nosotros/as comemos Vosotros/as coméis Ustedes comen Ellos comen Ellas comen

Present tense endings for regular ir verbs: o imos

es ís

e en

Vivir to live Yo vivo Tú vives Usted vive Él vive Ella vive

Nosotros/as vivimos Vosotros/as vivís Ustedes viven Ellos viven Ellas viven

PLEASE NOTICE ER and IR regular verb endings are

the same except:er ir

Nosostros emos imos Vosotros éis ís