WHAT IS A PROTIST? MOST ARE UNICELLULAR! ALL PROTISTS ARE EUKARYOTES, THAT IS THEY HAVE A NUCLEUS. THEY LIVE IN A MOIST ENVIRONMENT. SOME ARE AUTOTROPHS THAT IS THEY MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD OR ARE CALLED PRODUCERS SOME ARE HETEROTROPHS THAT IS THEY FEED ON OTHER ORGANISMS OR ARE CALLED CONSUMERS SOME ARE BOTH SOME CAN BE BOTH PRODUCERS OR CONSUMERS DEPENDING ON THEIR ENVIRONMENT PROTISTS ARE SO SMALL THEY DO NOT NEED SPECIAL ORGANS TO EXCHANGE GASES OR EXCRETE WASTES. THEY USE SIMPLE DIFFUSION. DIFFUSION MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREAS OF LOW CONCENTRATION REPRODUCTION MOST REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED BINARY FISSION OR MITOSIS. REPRODUCTION CONT. A FEW SPECIES ARE CAPABLE OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION MANY HAVE VERY COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES INGESTION PROTISTS EAT BY PHAGOCYTOSIS. THIS MEANS THEY ENGULF THEIR FOOD. PART OF THEIR MEMBRANE HOLDS THE FOOD AND IT IS DIGESTED IN A VACUOLE. 3 CATEGORIES OF PROTISTS ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS * UNICELLULAR * HETEROTROPHS *3 GROUPS BASED ON MOVEMENT: FLAGELLA, CILIA, AND PSEUDOPODS AMOEBA THEY ARE UNICELLULAR THEY HAVE NO DEFINITE SHAPE THEY ARE HETEROTROPHS AMEOBA MOVEMENT MOVE BY USE OF FINGER-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED PSEUDOPODS ONE PSUEDOPOD EXTENDS AND PULLS THE CELL FORWARD HOW AN AMEOBA MOVES 2 PSUEDOPODS SURROUND & TRAP FOOD. THEN FORM A FOOD VACUOLE TO BREAK DOWN FOOD IN THE CYTOPLASM. PARAMECIUM MOVE BY THE WAVE-LIKE MOTION OF TINY HAIRS CALLED CILIA PARAMECIUM CONT. CILIA HELP TO CATCH FOOD THE MACRONUCLEUS IS LARGE AND CONTROLS EVERYDAY FUNCTIONS PARAMECIUM CONT. USUALLY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY UNDER STRESS THEY WILL REPRODUCE SEXUALLY (RARE) THE MICRONUCLEUS IS SMALL AND CONTROLS REPRODUCTION PARAMECIUM CONT ORAL GROOVE IS LINED WITH CILIA THAT MOVES WATER WITH FOOD INTO FOOD VACUOLE. FOOD VACUOLE DIGESTS FOOD AND SENDS IT THROUGH CELL. ANAL PORE EXCRETES WASTES. ORAL GROOVE CILIA CONTRACTILE VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE ANAL PORE PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS AUTOTROPHS BETTER KNOWN AS ALGAE UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLELAR CONTAIN DIFFERENT PIGMENTS SO THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. EUGLENA THEY ARE UNICELLULAR. THEY CAN BE CONSUMERS AS WELL AS PRODUCERS AS THEY HAVE CHLOROPLASTS. CHLOROPLASTS CHLOROPLASTS PRODUCE GLUCOSE, A SIMPLE SUGAR, THROUGH THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. EUGLENA CONT. THEY MOVE BY USE OF A FLAGELLUM THEY HAVE AN EYESPOT THAT CAN DETECT LIGHT, SO THEY CAN MOVE TO IT AND CHLOROPLASTS CAN PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE). EUGLENA CONT. REPRODUCE BY A PROCESS OF CELL DIVISION CALLED MITOSIS (ASEXUAL). ONLY WHEN WELL FED & TEMP. IS RIGHT VOLVOX LIVE IN A COLONY CAN BE UP TO 50,000 CELLS EACH CELL HAS FLAGELLA SWIM IN COORDINATED FASHION VOLVOX CONT. AUTOTROPHS WILL SHOW SOME INDIVIDUALITY AND WORK TOGETHER HAVE EYESPOTS SO IT CAN MOVE TO SUNLIGHT AND PHOTOSYNTHESIZE VOLVOX REPRODUCTION ASEXUALLY BY REPEATED CELL DIVISION. NEW COLONIES ARE FORMED AND THEN RELEASED AS PARENT COLONY DISINTEGRATES SEXUALLY BY THE TRANSFER OF SEX CELLS,SPERM, FROM MALE COLONIES TO A FEMALE COLONY AS IT FORMS INTO AN EGG CELL FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS LIKE ANIMALS:THEY ARE HETEROTROPHS LIKE PLANTS:THEY HAVE A CELL WALL REPRODUCE BY SPORES (TINY CELLS THAT CAN GROW INTO AN ORGANISM) THEY CAN MOVE AT ONE POINT IN LIFE. AN EXAMPLE IS MILDEW.