what is a plant? nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. they are also...

14
What is a plant? Nearly all plants are autotrophs , meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers . All plants are eukaryotes. All plants are multicellular. All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. All plant cells contain green chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll changes carbon dioxide, water and the energy in sunlight into food (glucose, a sugar) for the plant to use. This process is known as photosynthesis.

Upload: magdalen-amber-ferguson

Post on 01-Jan-2016

221 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

What is a plant? Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they

make their own food. They are also called producers.

All plants are eukaryotes. All plants are multicellular. All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. All plant cells contain green chloroplasts, which

contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll changes carbon dioxide, water and

the energy in sunlight into food (glucose, a sugar) for the plant to use.

This process is known as photosynthesis.

Page 2: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Obtaining Water and Other Nutrients Vascular Plants have

tissues, or groups of cells, that are specialized to obtain water and other nutrients. Phloem (Flow-um) is the

vascular tissue that carries food (sugar) throughout large plants.

Xylem (zy-lum) is the vascular tissue that carries water and other nutrients throughout large plants.

Page 3: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Obtaining Water and Other Nutrients Nonvascular Plants are so small that water

and other nutrients can move from one cell to the next through the processes of diffusion and osmosis. They do not have vascular tissues.

Non-vascular plants can get water from the environment or nearby cells.

Page 4: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Roots Anchor seed plants to the ground Absorb water and minerals from the soil Sometimes store food in the form of starch

Page 5: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Stems Carry substances between the roots and

leaves Support the plant Hold the leaves up to the sun

Page 6: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Leaves Capture the sun’s

energy and carry out photosynthesis

Leaves have tiny holes called stomata which allow water to evaporate from the leaves. This process is known

as transpiration.

Page 7: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Reproduction All plants undergo sexual reproduction

that involves fertilization, the joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell.

Some plants require water to be present in order for the sperm to fertilize the egg.

Some plants reproduce by releasing spores.

Other plants reproduce by producing seeds that enclose the zygote.

Page 8: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Tropisms Plants respond to environmental stimuli

through tropisms. A tropism is a plant’s growth response

toward or away from a stimulus Touch, light, and gravity are three

important stimuli to which plants show growth responses, or tropisms. Thigmotropism- response to touch Phototropism- response to light Gravitropism – response to gravity

Page 9: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process where plants

take the energy from sunlight and change it into food (glucose) Water and carbon dioxide are required for

photosynthesis to take place. Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis.asf

Page 10: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Reproduction Angiosperms are

flowering plants. They have specialized

reproductive organs called flowers.

Flower buds are protected by a leaf-like sepal.

Petals are usually colorful in order to attract pollinators, such as insects.

Page 11: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Reproduction Inside the flower are the

male stamen and the female pistil.

The stamen is made of a stalk-like filament that holds up the anther, which produces pollen (contains the sperm)

The pistil has a sticky stigma that is held up by the style. The style connects the stigma to the ovary, which contains the eggs.

Page 12: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Reproduction Once the eggs are

fertilized, they become seeds and the ovary turns into a fruit.

Seed plants go through a variety of developmental stages beginning with the germination of the seed. Germination requires water.

The seed contains the young plant and stored food

Page 13: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Gymnosperms These are non-flowering vascular plants

that produce naked seeds, seeds not enclosed by a fruit.

Many have needle-like leaves. They reproduce using structures called

cones.

Page 14: What is a plant?  Nearly all plants are autotrophs, meaning they make their own food. They are also called producers.  All plants are eukaryotes.  All

Exit Slips Take out a sheet of paper, write your name on

it, and answer the following questions.1. What does multicellular mean?2. How do non-vascular plants get water?3. What tissue do vascular plants use to transport

food?4. In what part of the plant does most transpiration

occur?5. After fertilization takes place in a flower, what

does the ovary become?