what international organization was formed after wwii to try & solve problems that might lead to...
TRANSCRIPT
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What international organization was formed after WWII to try & solve problems that might lead
to WWIII?
United Nations
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What economic plan was supposed to keep Western European Nations free from Communism after WWII?
How did the USSR feel about this?
Marshall Plan; Soviets saw this as a major threat
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Which side did the U.S. (and the U.N.) support in the
Korean War? Who supported the other side?
the South, the USSR (and China) supported the North
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Why did Truman fire MacArthur during the Korean
War?
MacArthur insisted on being more aggressive (wanted
to nuke China)
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What was the result of the Korean War?
NK stays Communist, SK free & democratic, DMZ in middle (on 38th parallel)
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What were the two main treaty organizations of the
Cold War?
NATO (U.S. led) & Warsaw Pact (USSR led)
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What was Truman accused of being “soft” on? How did he
respond to this?
Communism, policy review boards to identify
Communists in Government
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What doctrine vowed to support all resistors of
communism wherever they may be in order to stop the
spread of communism?
Truman Doctrine
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How did we respond to the Soviets cutting off access to
W. Berlin in 1948?
Berlin Airlift of supplies
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What did the Soviets test/demonstrate in 1949
that scared the heck out of us?
an atomic bomb
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Who was put to death for supposedly giving our nuclear secrets to the
Soviets?
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
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What was the name of the congressional committee charged with rooting out suspected communists?
Who were their most famous targets?
House Un-American Activities Committee
(HUAC); Hollywood writers & actors
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Which U.S. Senator made a name for himself in the early
1950’s by hunting communists? What was his fate?
Joseph McCarthy, brought down by his former allies (censured in the Senate)
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Name 2 ways U.S. citizens responded to the threat of
Nuclear attack?
fallout shelters, drop and cover drills, end of the
world parties
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What made it possible for the U.S. to avoid a major post-
war economic slump?
Marshall Plan, GI Bill, and people spent what they
had saved during the war
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What form of popular music emerged in the 1950’s? Who
were some key artists?
Rock and Roll, Elvis, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Richie
Valens
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How did Rock and Roll challenge mainstream
values?
black roots, sexual overtones, fostered
rebellion
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What was the societal expectation for American
women in the 1950’s?
Stay home, raise the kids, and consume
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What was the result of the need for new housing and desire for a middle class
lifestyle in the post war era? How did this change our transportation needs?
The suburbs, more cars and more roads
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Name two factors that helped place emphasis on
conformity in 1950’s America.
TV, the suburbs, corporate culture, fear of
communism, consumerism
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How did the GI Bill impact the U.S.?
Made it possible for vets to buy homes, businesses &
farms, as well as go to college (which pushed
millions into the Middle Class)
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Who did both parties covet as their candidate for
President in 1952? Why?
Dwight D. Eisenhower, because he was a
politically moderate war hero
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Which party did Eisenhower choose? What young
senator became his running mate?
Republican, Richard Nixon
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Name 2 places the CIA intervened on behalf of U.S.
interests in the 1950’s.
Iran (overthrow Mossedeqh, Guatemala, Lebanon
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How did the Suez Crisis of 1956 effect the Cold War?
opened the Middle East to Soviet influence
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What did the U.S. response to the European crises of
1956 demonstrate?
We were unwilling to intervene behind the Iron
Curtain
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What event of 1957 caused a rush to improve math & science programs in the
U.S.?
launch of Sputnik
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At the peak of the arms race, how many times over could the U.S. & the USSR have
blown up the world?
10
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What is the name for the idea that you can prevent
war by having so many nuclear weapons your rival
knows they will be destroyed if they attack you?
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
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What was the U-2 incident? How did it affect relations
between the superpowers?
Soviets shot down a U.S. spy plane in 1960, it
started a period of tense relations
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What was the bracero program?
recruited Mexican immigrants across the border to work on the
farms during World War II
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What government operation focused on deporting many of these immigrants during
the 1950’s?
Operation Wetback
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What new form of retail center emerged in the
1950’s?
the suburban shopping mall
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What were the two main provisions of the Taft Hartley Act? Was it good or bad for
unions?
President could declare an 80 day “cooling off” period in
labor negotiations, communists & socialists were
removed from union leadership, bad for unions
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What did Truman fear about unions’ demands for higher
wages?
they were inflationary and would be harmful to the
economy
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What was primary the purpose of Truman’s Fair
Deal?
continue the programs of FDR’s New Deal and extend
opportunity for socioeconomic advancement
to more Americans
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Identify two key aspects of Eisenhower’s “modern
republicanism”?
limit the role of the federal government, reduce role of the
President while increasing power of Congress and the
Courts, balance budget, support corporations
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What communist dictator rose to power in Cuba in the late 1950’s? What did he do
that angered Americans?
Fidel Castro, seized American properties and
favored the Soviets
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What effort did Kennedy make to remove him from
power?
Invasion of the Bay of Pigs by roughly 2,000 Cuban exiles, U.S. hoped invasion would
stir insurrection against Castro
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Why did the invasion of the Bay of Pigs fail?
lack of Cuban support, no American air strike
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Why did the Soviets put up the Berlin Wall in 1961?
Embarrassed by the flow of immigrants fleeing into West Berlin from East
Germany
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Where did the Soviets attempt to set up missiles in October of 1962? How did
the U.S. respond?
Cuba, naval blockade (this is the Cuban Missile Crisis)
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What was the outcome of this crisis?
U.S. promised not to invade Cuba again, USSR took
back its missiles
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What was the purpose and significance of the National
Housing Act of 1949?
Provide all American families with a decent home,
significant because the gov’t took responsibility for
housing
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What major demographic/social
movement left led the middle class to the suburbs and massive poverty in the
inner cities?
White flight (exodus of white middle class to the
suburbs)
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What 1953 government policy ended economic
support for Native Americans and discontinued the reservation system?
The termination policy (led to worsened conditions for
Native Americans)
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What was JFK’s plan to move America forward called?
What were two of it’s main emphases?
Establish Peace Corps, win the race to the moon,
better health care for poor and elderly, work to alleviate poverty
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How successful was Kennedy in getting these plans implemented? Why?
Not very; faced resistance from same groups that
fought Truman’s Fair Deal – and was assassinated just
2.5 years into time in office