1 :

What factors determine innovation performance in emerging economies? Evidence from China< > Chengqi WangMario I. Kafouros : 2011. 10. 06 4 11. (Innovation performance) . , FDI, R&D 3 . 3 , . , FDI, R&D . .(IO) , (The level of foreign presence) (The set of technological opportunities) , FDI, R&D . R&D , China data ; MNEs R&D host , 20 FDI ., FDI, R&D , , . (Market Acceptance) , (Non- Patentable innovations) .

2.

2. 2.1 , FDI, R&D R&D - R&D (Feinberg & Majumdar, 2001 ; Griliches, 1979 ; Hall & Mairesse, 1995), (Buckley & Ghauri, 2004). - & , , . . (Kafouros, 2998a,2008b). - R&D idea , (commercial ends) . (Buckley & Carter, 2004) , (Rosenkopf & Almedia, 2003), (Miller, Fern & Cardinal, 2007)

2. 2.1 , FDI, R&D FDI - MNEs agent .(Siler, Wang & Liu, 2003) - , , , (Demonstration effect), (Backward linkages) (Blomstrom & Kokko, 1998; Gorg & Greenaway, 2002). - , , , / (Blomstrom & Kokko, 1998; kennel, 2007). - FDI know-how (Spillover effect) (e.g., Buckle et al., 2002a, 2002b, 2007a, 2007b ; Feinberg & Majumdar, 2001; Zhou, Li & Tse, 2002) . , (e.g., Griliches, 1979, 1992 ; Scherer, 1982).

2. 2.1 , FDI, R&D - (Coe, Helpman & Hoffmaister 1997 ; core & Helpman, 1995 ; Rivera-Baits & Romer, 1991). - ( MacGarvie, 2006) - , , (Salomon & Shaver, 2005), (Grossman & Helpman, 1991), , (Blalock & Gertler, 2004).

- (Coe & Helpman,1995; grossman & Helpman, 1991) - / (Kumar & Aggrawal, 2005). , (Kumar & Aggrawal, 2006). - , , (MacGarvie, 2006).2. 2.2

Key Driver : (The level of technological opportunities)

- (Klevorick, Levin, Nelson, & Winter 1995). - (Nelson, 1982). - pool (Clark and Griliches 1984). - R&D , . - (Matheson & Matheson, 1998; Wang & Tsai, 2003) - know-how FDI (Kafouros & Buckley, 2008). - (Klevorick et al., 1995) / know-how .

2. 2.3

- (Evenson & Joseph, 1997) - (Kumar & Aggarwal, 2005). - / , .(Cohen & Levinthal 1990) - , . - .

2. 2.3

Key Driver : (The level of foreign presence)

- / FDI, , (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990 ; Wilcox-king & Zeithaml, 2001 ; Muthusamy & White, 2005 ; Meyer, 2004). - FDI . . - . . - FDI (Lou&Tung, 2007) - R&D (Chen & Miller, 1994 ; Porter, 1980) - .(Kafouros & Bukley, 2008). - (Kokko, 1996), R&D .3. Methodology and data

3-1. Model

3-2. (1) - y : , New products' ? . New Product Country- level (3) / Provincial- level(2) / Below Provincial - level(1) . .3. Methodology and data3-2. (2) ird : R&D fdi : export : import :

4 - dpur : , - l q : , / - ki : , - size : ,

, soe : , State-owned Enterprise(SOEs) . 1) SOEs , 2) .

OLS(Ordinary least square) & log . Ratio Panel data lag structure & .3. Methodology and data3-3. fdi y , Hausman test(1976)

( , ) . fdi y , y . : 1% Ho: = 0 , fdi y

3-4. Data

138 ( 166 28 ). : , , //, , / , FDI/ . Stats statistical Bureau of China(2006) China Economic Census Yearbook(2004) , (/), , .3. Methodology and data3-5.

, , . 0.70 , VIF 6.25. ( VIF 10 , .)

4. Results4-2. ( = Innovation performance) (1)

Model 1~4 : . - 4 . Model 5 : 4 . - , , . - .4. Results4-2. ( = Innovation performance) (2) Model 5 : Adjusted R 0.719 . . Mpdel 5 , - R&D : R&D 1% 0.37% . - FDI : / . FDI . - Export : Learning-by-exporting . - Import : . , - dpur, lq : . . - ki : . . - size : . - soe : . . FDI/ .4. Results4-3. (key drivers ) ,1) R&D SAMPLE ( R&D ),2) SAMPLE ( )

4. Results4-3. (key drivers ) (moderator analysis) . - R&D, FDI, .

< Technological opportunities> Higher R&D, Import / , Lower . Higher Export . FDI Lower . . , FDI . , idea, .

< Level of foreign presence>R&D, FDI, Higher/Lower . R&D Lower .FDI . Import lower . .Export Higher . .5. Discussion5-1. Discussion R&D . R&D . , imitation R&D R&D FDI . : R&D . FDI : / . , , R&D . . R&D . . lower/higher FDI . , (Perez, 1997) .

5. Discussion5-2. , .

data data . .

/ . /

6. Conclusions and Implications(1) , FDI, , . , 138 data .

, FDI, R&D , 2 ( , ) .

FDI . , R&D , 1990 data R&D . / .6. Conclusions and Implications(2) 1) FDI, , R&D . 2) R&D , .

R&D, FDI, . .

FDI .

R&D, , FDI - mechanism .

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