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Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective

To understand how LA is facing To understand how LA is facing increasing threats from a number increasing threats from a number of hazardsof hazards

To begin to understand the To begin to understand the management strategies management strategies implemented to reduce these implemented to reduce these risksrisks

Watch the VideoWatch the Video

http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=mcoHJHo8d6k=mcoHJHo8d6k

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TaskTask

Sort the cards!Sort the cards! Have you sorted them into Have you sorted them into

advantages and disadvantages advantages and disadvantages for the Mexicans and the US?for the Mexicans and the US?

What have you learned from thisWhat have you learned from this Create a spider diagram with the Create a spider diagram with the

main pointsmain points

The Situation in the The Situation in the United StatesUnited States

According to the U.S. Department According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Mexico is of Homeland Security, Mexico is the country of origin for the the country of origin for the largest numbers of illegal largest numbers of illegal immigrants in the USA with immigrants in the USA with 6,570,000 migrants, which is 57% 6,570,000 migrants, which is 57% of all illegal migrants. of all illegal migrants.

Advantages for the Advantages for the United StatesUnited States Illegal Mexican immigrants have long Illegal Mexican immigrants have long

met a significant portion of the met a significant portion of the demand for cheap labour in the demand for cheap labour in the United States. The majority of the United States. The majority of the employed men are restaurant employed men are restaurant workers, janitors, truck drivers, workers, janitors, truck drivers, gardeners, construction labourers, gardeners, construction labourers, material moving workers, or perform material moving workers, or perform other types of manual or other blue other types of manual or other blue collar labour. collar labour.

Disadvantages for the United Disadvantages for the United StatesStates

The illegal entry to the US, via its southern border, of The illegal entry to the US, via its southern border, of an estimated 500,000 people each year, has led the US an estimated 500,000 people each year, has led the US government to start building a security fence along the government to start building a security fence along the most sensitive areas. most sensitive areas.

Occasionally, tensions have risen between Mexican Occasionally, tensions have risen between Mexican immigrants and other ethnic groups because of immigrants and other ethnic groups because of increasing concerns over the availability of working-increasing concerns over the availability of working-class jobs to Americans and immigrants from other class jobs to Americans and immigrants from other ethnic groups. ethnic groups.

Opposition to illegal immigration has been reflected in Opposition to illegal immigration has been reflected in the emergence of Minutemen groups - citizens who the emergence of Minutemen groups - citizens who have taken it upon themselves to patrol the US borders have taken it upon themselves to patrol the US borders and to confront illegal workers in cities around the US. and to confront illegal workers in cities around the US.

Money sent back to Mexico by the immigrants is money Money sent back to Mexico by the immigrants is money that is lost from the American Economy. In 2003 $13bn that is lost from the American Economy. In 2003 $13bn was sent to Mexico. was sent to Mexico.

The Situation in MexicoThe Situation in Mexico

More than half of the estimated More than half of the estimated 11 million Mexicans residing in 11 million Mexicans residing in the US are there illegally, the US are there illegally, according to a report by the according to a report by the Mexican government. Mexican government.

There are more Zacatecans now There are more Zacatecans now living in Los Angeles than in the living in Los Angeles than in the city of Zacatecas. city of Zacatecas.

Advantages for MexicoAdvantages for Mexico

The average weekly wage in parts of Mexico is The average weekly wage in parts of Mexico is about 600 pesos, or $60. That's about one-about 600 pesos, or $60. That's about one-sixth of what most immigrants can make in the sixth of what most immigrants can make in the States. A lot of which will be sent back to States. A lot of which will be sent back to Mexico as remittances. Mexico as remittances.

Despite the relative stagnation of the US Despite the relative stagnation of the US economy, the flow of money keeps growing, economy, the flow of money keeps growing, according to recent data. In 2003 it increased according to recent data. In 2003 it increased by 35% - the total amount sent that year to by 35% - the total amount sent that year to Mexico was more than $13bn. Mexico was more than $13bn.

Remittances from Mexicans in the US have Remittances from Mexicans in the US have become one of Mexico's most important become one of Mexico's most important sources of income - second only to oil and sources of income - second only to oil and surpassing the traditional tourism industry. surpassing the traditional tourism industry.

Disadvantages for MexicoDisadvantages for Mexico

In Axochiapan, the lure of American money has created a town where fathers In Axochiapan, the lure of American money has created a town where fathers and husbands are absent for years on end, women are left alone to raise the and husbands are absent for years on end, women are left alone to raise the children, and the community is growing increasingly dependent on money made children, and the community is growing increasingly dependent on money made elsewhere. elsewhere.

In the village of Jomulquillo, a couple of hours from the city of Zacatecas, what In the village of Jomulquillo, a couple of hours from the city of Zacatecas, what hits you as soon as you arrive is the silence. One of the few locals remaining hits you as soon as you arrive is the silence. One of the few locals remaining there says that at the moment there are 80 people living in the village - 300 live there says that at the moment there are 80 people living in the village - 300 live in Los Angeles. With the empty houses, the closed windows and locked doors, in Los Angeles. With the empty houses, the closed windows and locked doors, this feels like a ghost town. But the pain of families being separated is this feels like a ghost town. But the pain of families being separated is somewhat compensated by these remittances that, in the case of Zacatecas, somewhat compensated by these remittances that, in the case of Zacatecas, not only help the relatives but also their villages of origin. not only help the relatives but also their villages of origin.

Critics argue that dependence on remittances can impair local initiative and Critics argue that dependence on remittances can impair local initiative and create no incentives for people to move forward. create no incentives for people to move forward.

Women now outnumber men in rural areas and the women have problems Women now outnumber men in rural areas and the women have problems finding suitable marriage partners. finding suitable marriage partners.

Young adults tend to migrate, leaving ageing communities behind. With fewer Young adults tend to migrate, leaving ageing communities behind. With fewer children these communities will gradually die out. children these communities will gradually die out.

Hundreds of illegal immigrants who cross into the US from Mexico have died in Hundreds of illegal immigrants who cross into the US from Mexico have died in the scorching heat of the Arizona desert. the scorching heat of the Arizona desert.

2003 American scientists at the Southern 2003 American scientists at the Southern California Earthquake Centre (SCEC) have California Earthquake Centre (SCEC) have discovered a potentially lethal fault line discovered a potentially lethal fault line beneath Los Angeles.beneath Los Angeles.

The discovery of the fault isn’t new in itself, only the scientists The discovery of the fault isn’t new in itself, only the scientists now know its true destructive potential. The fault is about 30 now know its true destructive potential. The fault is about 30 miles long and is found in the Puente Hills region of downtown miles long and is found in the Puente Hills region of downtown LA. It was formed by the collision of the Pacific and North LA. It was formed by the collision of the Pacific and North American plates and was discovered only four years ago.American plates and was discovered only four years ago.

Scientists used evidence from rock cores extracted from along Scientists used evidence from rock cores extracted from along the fault line to piece together its eruption history. The results the fault line to piece together its eruption history. The results of this show the Puente Hills fault to be one of the largest of of this show the Puente Hills fault to be one of the largest of the 100 faults that cross the Los Angeles region. Scientists the 100 faults that cross the Los Angeles region. Scientists believe that it dissipates its energy in frequent small believe that it dissipates its energy in frequent small earthquakes. However, they also found that the fault was earthquakes. However, they also found that the fault was capable of a huge quake of over 7.2 on the Richter scale every capable of a huge quake of over 7.2 on the Richter scale every 2000 years.2000 years.

Such an earthquake would devastate modern day Los Angeles Such an earthquake would devastate modern day Los Angeles as most of the buildings can only withstand quakes of around as most of the buildings can only withstand quakes of around 5 on the Richter scale. Huge earthquakes of over 7.0 would be 5 on the Richter scale. Huge earthquakes of over 7.0 would be at least 1000 times stronger than this. A spokesperson for the at least 1000 times stronger than this. A spokesperson for the US Geological Survey stated this was potentially devastating US Geological Survey stated this was potentially devastating news for Los Angeles.news for Los Angeles.

TasksTasks

Locate Los Angeles on a map and state Locate Los Angeles on a map and state other potential hazards for the area.other potential hazards for the area.

Why is Los Angeles still an attractive Why is Los Angeles still an attractive place for both immigrants and US place for both immigrants and US citizens?citizens?

Would you live there? Why?Would you live there? Why?

So apart from migrants So apart from migrants what hazards does LA what hazards does LA face?face? VolcanoesVolcanoes EarthquakesEarthquakes TsunamisTsunamis FloodingFlooding LandslidesLandslides WildfiresWildfires DroughtDrought CrimeCrime

How is Arnold managing How is Arnold managing and planning to reduce and planning to reduce the risks to LA?the risks to LA? http://gov.ca.gov/issue/disaster-prhttp://gov.ca.gov/issue/disaster-pr

eparedness/eparedness/ Watch the video & make notesWatch the video & make notes

Why does California have Why does California have so many natural hazards?so many natural hazards? The answers lie in the The answers lie in the

geography of the state: geography of the state: – Its geology Its geology – Its climateIts climate– And the way humans have used And the way humans have used

and misused the landscape and and misused the landscape and resources.resources.

TaskTask

Draw your own map of LA Draw your own map of LA showing the risks and showing the risks and management strategies.management strategies.