what does bim mean for civil engineers?

What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?

Prepared by Ir C K Ng27 Nov 2013

The Institution of Civil EngineersHong Kong

Building Professionals Civil Engineer

What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?

BIM Consultant of Build.IT Graduated from HKU in Civil Engineering Member of The Institute of Civil Engineers Worked for 10 years in HKG engineering departments Emigrated to Canada in 1992, working as AutoCAD 3rd party

developer – Floor/Rack/Panel/Device/Port FM system Returned to HK in 1995, working as Resident Site Staff until

2013 30 years in civil and structural engineering experience Received MSc in Geo-information Systems, HKPU, 1998 Chairman of BIM for Infrastructure Discipline, HKIUS MHKIE in CIVIL and INFORMATION Disciplines

Speaker

Topics• Definition of BIM• Essential Elements of a BIM software• Terms to know• BIM includes Civil Engineering - CIM?• CE - plant, structure, utilities, earthwork• BIM Strategy• Lessons learnt from New Civil Engineer• BIM Contractual Issues• Considerations and Actions• (Optional) Summary of CIC BIM Roadmap Paper

Definition of BIM (Wiki)Recent (2nd Generation):

Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. The resulting building information models become shared knowledge resources to support decision-making about a facility from earliest conceptual stages, through design and construction, through its operational life and eventual demolition.

Definition of BIM (original)

Description by Jerry Laiserin (Father of BIM) :

3D object-oriented AEC-specific CAD

• 3 Dimensional solid model (Singapore Spec)• Model-based (Parametric)• AEC (Building) specific

3 Essential Elements of BIM Software

More elements of a BIM authoring software

• Information Embedded or Linked• Data Richness is a measurement of Min. BIM Req.• Automatic Versioning• Unique model while allowing simultaneous access by

different team/disciplines

BIM - "a model-based technology linked with a database of project information" i.e. it relies on database technology as the foundation

Formal judgment by Minimum BIM Requirements in line with the Capability Maturity Model.

• Data Richness. • Lifecycle Views.• Change Management or ITIL Maturity Assessment.• Roles or Disciplines. • Business Process. • Timeliness/ Response. • Delivery Method. • Graphical Information. • Spatial Capability.• Information Accuracy. • Interoperability/IFC Support.

Minimum BIM (CMM)

3D object-oriented AEC-specific

Architect’s Plan View

3D View

3D View

Engineer’s Plan View

Difference between CAD and BIM

Traditional CAD 2D->3D Point, line, text (Singapore – not accepted as BIM submissions)

BIM 3D->2D,dim. detailsreduced

Grids, levels, wall, door, window, column, slab, stair, water pipe, ventilation duct, cable tray

Each component in the model is unique spatially – this forces the change of construction industry mindset on collaboration.

History of BIM

1975 2002 2005 2009 2013

Shanghai TowerCrossRail

Island East One

Water CubeBird’s Nest Stadium

Penn Water Plant

C Eastman Jerry LaserinGehryRevit

ArchiCADBentley Arch

RevitArchiCADAECOsim

2002 – Software development2005 – First batch of BIM software2009 – Mature BIM software2013 – Landmark BIM projects almost complete and being reviewed

Vectorwork

Terms to know

1. O-O : Object-oriented Analysis and Design (Booch) – it is a common computer programming technique. Object has attributes and actions. (Object=Model=Class)

2. IFC - Industry Foundation Class created by buildingSMART for data exchange of building components like DXF (Drawing eXchange Format) for CAD graphics

3. Level of Detail (UK) – LOD1/2/3/4/5. Details may be shown in 2D.

4. Level of Development (US) – LOD100/../500

3DVisualization

Clash Analysis

4DConstruction sequencing

Virtual Construction

(3D plus time element)

5DEstimating

(3D plus cost element)

6D?Forensic analysis

(3D plus analysis element)

7D?FacilityManagement

(3D plus O&M element)

5. BIM nD Terminology5. BIM nD Terminology

3D Modelling

3D Visualization

3D Co-ordination

3D Clash Analysis

Common Clashes

Underground Utilities

4D Walk Through

4D Virtual Construction

4D Scheduling

BIM Applications

6. BIM Maturity Level (UK)

CAD, AssetIM, SIM, FIM, BSIM, BRIM, IDM, IFC, IFD, iBIM

6. Level 3 (True BIM) Imagine the BIM model is part of the tender

documents Specifications are attached to components All participants can have access to view

the model easily BIM model is no difference to 2D CAD

Drawings. Contractually, BIM (Level 3) = Drawings Challenge - BIM must be very accurate,

can avoid many discrepancies.

6. BIM Maturity Level 2, 2016

BIM includes Civil Engineering? Civil BIM or CIM?

Many people argue that ‘Building’ in BIM is a verb, not a structure for occupation, so BIM can apply to Civil Engineering.

Civil engineers have used 2.5D (MOSS) for 20 years. Command-based 3D representation existed long time ago, although not popular due to the use of powerful Mini computers.

Use of BIM since 2005

Some are BIM applicable. Some remains as 2.5D CADD.

0SECTION 2ENTITIES 0CIRCLE100AcDbCircle 1010.0 2010.0 300.0 405.0 0ENDSEC

DXF

#35695= IFCWALLSTANDARDCASE('3m7gqoql5CwOxOjcfPCj8n',#41,'Basic Wall:Generic - 100mm:225326',$,'Basic Wall:Generic - 100mm:207419',#35675,#35693,'225326');

#36094= IFCMATERIALLAYERSETUSAGE(#32453,.AXIS2.,.NEGATIVE.,100.);

#108019= IFCDOOR('2xAZkx1e14wgJwc653S37v',#41,'M_Single-Panel 1:0762 x 2032mm:280578',$,'0762 x 2032mm',#108017,#108010,'280578',2032.,761.999999999999);

IFC

CIM Deviations from BIM Definition

BIM Deviations

Building IFC for Building only No Infra IFC (LandXML) or Min. BIM Requirements

Industry specific objects – beam, column, door, wall

Generic graphics – line, text, point. Contour?

Information Emphasis equally on Spatial and Database Information

Strength in Spatial Information

Unique Model by Version Control

Less control on editing

Modelling 3D 2.5D e.g. contour lines

Parametric Model Irregular, cannot be represented parametrically

Solid Modelling Surface Modelling/Mesh

Software Object-based Command-based

IFC - Utilities

Underground Utilities - Plan View

Underground Utilities - 3D View

One Drainage Network Model for All

Lollipop Model by C K Ng, 1998

Station/Process Plant

Road/Bridge

IFC - Infrastructure

IFC for bridge proposed by Sang-ho Lee, Yonsei U.

IFC – Road

Tunnel

Image extracted from PAS 1192:2-2013

IFC - Tunnel

Earthwork – XML/GML

3D BIM and 2.5D CADD Applications - CE

3D BIM 2.5D CADD

Utilities and related Process Plant, Station e.g. power station, treatment plant

Transportation e.g. Road surface, Tunnel bore (spatial information)

Structure itself, Earth Retaining, Marine, Bridge and Tunnel Structures (What is the purpose – spatial or non-spatial, construction or FM?)

Earthwork related - Slope, GI, Site Formation (spatial information)

Solid Modelling Surface Modelling

Vertical (Multi-level) Horizontal (Single level)

Database Information Spatial Information

Parametric Model Difficult to represent in parametric model

BIM Strategy

Scandinavian Countries,US (Army, Wisconsin, NYC)

Mandate BIM in public sector starting 2011

UK, Europe (not Southern Europe)

Mandate BIM in public sector before 2016 - Level 2

Singapore Mandate BIM in both public and private sectors in 2015

Hong Kong HAHong Kong Civil EnggHong Kong CIC

All BIM in 2014?Roadmap, Sep 2013

China 2011-2015 5-Year Plan BIM/PLM/…

Korea, Germany (and China)

Create own BIM software

Other Asian Countries Private sector initiation

2011-2015年建筑业信息化发展纲要关于印发《 2011-2015年建筑业信息化发展纲要》的通知建质 [2011]67号

各省、自治区住房和城乡建设厅，直辖市建委（建交委），新疆生产建设兵团建设局，中央管理的有关企业：现将《 2011-2015 年建筑业信息化发展纲要》印发给你们，请结合实际贯彻执行。执行中有何问题和建议 , 请及时告我部工程质量安全监管司。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　二〇一一年五月十日 “ ”十二五期间，基本实现建筑企业信息系统的普及应用，加快建筑信息模型（ BIM）、基于网络的协同工作等新技术在工程中的应用，推动信息化标准建设，促进具有自主知识产权软件的产业化，形成一批信息技术应用达到国际先进水平的建筑企业。（ 2 ）应用系统 ①设计与施工集成系统 (Integrated Design and Construction System)。 ②工程项目管理系统 (Engineering Project Management System)。 ③项目文档管理系统 (Project Document Management System)。 ④材料与采购管理系统 (Material Order Management System)。 ⑤企业运营管理系统 (Enterprise Operation Management System)。 ⑥ 综合管理系统 (Integrated Management System)。 ⑦辅助决策系统 (Decision Support System)。 ⑧知识管理系统与智能企业门户 (Knowledge Management System)。 2 、勘察设计类企业

What is the common element?

Database/IT Systems

PDFDOC

XLSJPG

MPG

Data

Database

Apps

Hydraulic/ Structure /

Road AlignmentDMSBIM

Site Records System

Material order, delivery

Sys

BIM Deliverables

Supervision Plan

Design CAD File

Submittal Register

Specification

Product Data

Installation Manual

Warranty

Spare

Test

Certification

Design Build Operate

PC/Notebook

Tablet

SmartphoneDevices

Phases

Lessons Learnt from New Civil Engineer

• UK Strategic Paper - 03.2011• BIM is the word – 12.2011(UK)• Crossrail Case Study – 03.2012• BIM Special – 03.2012• BIM for Contractor – 04.2013• Port Mann Highway, Canada – 06.2013

• Essentially the UK Government has embarked with industry on a four year programme for sector modernisation with the key objective of: reducing capital cost and the carbon burden from the construction and operation of the built environment by 20%.

• 'It was found that whilst major clients such as BAA and HA (Highways Authority) expect a comprehensive handover, in general Civils/Infrastructure (C/I) handover is done to a far lower standard, if at all. Evidence for this weakness is provided by the high amount of re-surveying and re-inspection that is undertaken after handover. … Ironically once data is collected infrastructure owners often tend to make far more effective use of the information than building operators.'

UK Strategic Paper 3.2011

Bim is the word 12.2011

• Revit, Bentley Architecture (AECOsim), ArchiCAD

• Inroads/Openroad, Autodesk Civil 3D• Object based, Laser point cloud• 'Level 3 – no longer 3d design but a set of

fully parametric self-aware data objects.'• 'Handing over an electronic user-manual -

a massive saving at commissioning stage.'• 'To pull in a roundabout from a pallet'

CrossRail 03.2012

• Crossrail CEO 'We are looking for a single BIM model that connects the data set from start to end. As an industry we are not very good at this – we break that line up in many parts. The as-designed versus the as-built versus the as-maintained tends to be on different platforms and I am going to ask our technology partners …‘

• … The second priority was to ensure that BIM is adopted right through the project all the way to operation and maintenance.

BIM Special – 03.2012• BIM is not a silver bullet to cure the world's

ills, but it does bring about key characteristics that will make us think and behave in different ways.

• From the availability to reuse rather than waste data throughout the asset lifecycle, from designers, manufacturers, contractors, … bringing the industry around the single BIM model and its rich data set.

BIM for Contractor 04.2013

• A BIM steering committee of a contractor was set up to identify the information flows and processes that go on in the company.

• BIM means empowering speedy, accurate and informed decision making and then delivering efficiencies by virtually verifying the buildability and functionality.

• There is a culture change that has to go on. (The first BIM project in HK was initiated by contractor in 2005)

Port Mann Hwy, Canada 06.2013

• The consultant created a single integrated model of the entire 37km transport corridor, incorporating grading, layout, geometry and alignment.

• Existing infrastructure such as drainage culverts, power lines and sewers were also modelled, and later on, junction box, street lamps and minor drainage elements.

• Some judgment is required on what level of detail is appropriate for each element.

The Culture is Changing 12.2013by Topcon Positioning Group

• If you went to US or Germany, there is no manor earthmoving project going on without machine control.

• In US, contractors are very aggressive. If they see a technology that allows them to do a job faster they will go to the local government and try to get the rules changed to allow them to use that technology

• The inherent reluctance of UK contractors to share their ideas for fear of being copied. Europe is more conservative, and Asia also.

Advantages of Using BIM

• Less dimension details• Complex geometry• Easy to understand the scope of works• Models have intelligence – drainage /

watermain networks have connectivity info• Good for presentation• Less VO

BIM – Less Variation Orders

Some Statistics

7% reduction of project time Eliminate 40% unbudgeted changes Save 10% cost due to clashes Estimate accuracy 3% closer Estimation 80% faster

Contract Documents

Earliest contract doucments 2008 by• ConsensusDOCS LLC• AIA• AEC(UK)

Recent (2013) :• Singapore Particular Conditions• UK CIC BIM Protocol (well accepted by

Insurance Industry)

Coverage:•Risk Allocation•Intellectual Property

Definition:•Model, LOD•BIM/Information Manager•BIM Execution Plan

Contractual Issue

Contract Documents

Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC

Particular Conditions ConsensusDOCS 301- Addendum

BIM ProtocolRole of Information Management

BIM Execution PlanBIM Guides

Affiliated Contract PAS 1192:2

Definitions

Singapore ConsensusDOCS301

UK CIC BIM Protocol

ModelFull Design ModelModel Elements

Design ModelConstruction ModelFederated Model

Project Team ModelFederated Model

Level of Details Level of Development

Level of Details

Content in Doc

Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC BIM Protocol

DefinitionPrinciplesBIM ManagementBIM Execution PlanRisk AllocationIntellectual Property

PrinciplesDefinitionInfo ManagementBIM Execution PlanRisk AllocationIntellectual Property

IntroductionPrinciplesObjectiveIncorporation into contractsPermitted purposesTreatment of IPElectronic Data ExchangeDef. Of ModelChange ManagementLiability of ModelInfo ManagementModel Production and Delivery Table

Intellectual Property


Model Author Contributor concept Permitted purposeconcept

Roles and Responsibility of BIM/Information Staff


BIM ManagerBIM Co-ordinator

InformationManagement

Information ManagerEmployer'sInformationRequirement

Sample BEP provided No specific BEP Model Production andDelivery Table

HK Contractual ArrangementsClient H Client M

Design Model No Design Model, Ctr create model

Provided to ctr, no liability (Singapore – for reference only)

Not provided to ctr, no liability

Not contractually binding Not contractually binding

3D Clash detection and resolution Clash detection and resolution

4D shows sequencing and constructability

Some activities

4D shows safety Some activities

4D shows scheduling Some activities

Encourage collaboration and treat as a deliverable

As a deliverable

As-built model requires approval, catalog, testing, maintenance manual and warranty for everything

Requires brand, model, power and capacity of equipment

BIM Standards, User Guides, Library Component

Supplement to CADD Manual

HK Contractual Arrangements (Cont’d)

Client H Client M

4D shows scheduling Some activities

Encourage collaboration and treat as a deliverable

As a deliverable

As-built model requires approval, catalog, testing, maintenance manual and warranty for everything

Requires brand, model, power and capacity of equipment

BIM Standards, User Guides, Library Component

Supplement to CADD Manual

Considerations

• Maturity of Software – Rebar• QTO is another headache• Cost of Software (SME)• Human Resources of BIM

– BIM Manager– BIM Leader/Co-ordinator

• Are counterparts using BIM?

Considerations

• BIM won’t be alone– Think electronically– BIM-centred workflow– Other systems : ERP, DMS, PLM, DSS

• Collaboration– Think collaboration, NOT confrontation

• BIM Professionals vs BIM Technicians– Communication between professionals thro’ BIM co-

ordinators– Direct decision making by professionals with BIM skill– All Arch graduates know BIM– How many Engineers know BIM?

• Resources– BIM operators or professionals

• Contract– DB contract common in building and US– DBB contract common for civil engineering

• Quantity Take Off– Direct from models not ready

• Failure– Legal issues– Design issues – frequent changes

Considerations

Actions• Don’t just watch, start using it. (Shanghai Tower)• Take a hands-on BIM course• Train your staff• 3D CE Software requires longer learning curve• Big Data - the Biggest thing is Data• If you want to implement BIM,• decide what data you need during O&M• design model = as-built model (permanent doc)

• If you are using BIM for your project,• hire a system analyst to review your workflow (IDM)• hire good database (and web) programmers

• During construction, BIM is active, Data is passive• During maintenance, BIM is passive, Data is active

BIM Education/Training

• Add BIM training to the curriculum• Encourage use of BIM for projects (e.g. Singapore on

industry incentives)• Develop engineering analysis on a BIM system• Increase funding for research on Civil BIM (e.g. Korea,

Japan and Germany on IFC/BIM; Leading countries on BIM Process)

• Double degree in CE & Law• Why no double degree in CE & IT?• Top up degree in IT• IT has a wide range, CE wants DB design, web

programme

Must Read• Singapore BIM Particular Conditions Version 1

or 2 + BIM Guides• ConcensusDOCS 301• BIM Protocol, CIC UK• BIM Guide, NYC• HKHA – Design/User Guide, Standards, • AEC(UK) BIM Standard/Protocol• ‘Issues and Implementation Methods for BIM in

the Civil Infrastructure Domain’ by Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Japan Osaka University. Hong Kong Conference 2010

BIM Implementation in Civil Infra Domainby N Yabuki, Osaka U, Japan 2010

No official standards for representing 3D infra models Lack of IT knowledge among civil engineers Lack of research (and funds) on BIM for infra Conservativeness of those in public construction domain Public owners will not adopt BIM until standard effective Mindset Slow development of BIM tools for infra domain Lack of IT research in civil engineering Lack of communication bet civil engineers and IT

specialists Shift from DBB to DB Government support

HK CIC Draft BIM RoadmapWhat is BIM?

BIM - management, not drawing, toolsBIM – parametric, intelligent, uniqueHK – Technical->Business->MarketB.I. Modelling or ManagementBIM model is a permanent documentHK – Standard + Promotion + Training16 recommended initiatives in 9 areas

Current BIM Implementation

HK is lagging behind, in fact, extremeSome advanced and innovativeJeopardize competitive edge of HK firmsFast mover, follower and observerAll at a sudden – more BIM adoptionsPrivate developer - money justifies itself

Global trend

Can we ignore the move to BIM?See global trend – 2002/2005/2009/2013?Uniqueness forces collaboration, mindset changedLoss of competitive edge without BIM skillBD follows Singapore – eSubmissions

Elements of Success in BIM

Most important driving force – ClientsSecond, top managementMindset changedRe-assign roles and responsibilitySome posts fear of loss of valueBIM model is a permanent document

Leading Practice Countries

Characteristics of Leading Practice CountriesEstablishment of StandardsHigh rate of adoptionIncreased automation with ITIncreased performance

Others

Shared BIM StandardsEducation programmesFrom Visualization to AutomationSet higher target of performanceClear Govt policy > free market approachLocalization / customizationRoles of BIM Manager

what does bim mean for civil engineers?

Engineering

single bim

underground

civil engineers

infrastructure

civil bim

bim software

ho lee

design model