D.N.AObjective: SWBAT review the role of DNA and RNA

in order to explain the the relationship between genes and protein

• What do you remember about DNA?• Think about….

–Structure–Function –Building blocks –Base-pairing

CONGRATULATIONS!

• 1A Average:

• Summa Cum Laude:

• Magna Cum Laude:

87%87%

Nathaniel, Da’QuanNathaniel, Da’Quan

Dontashia, Tabitha Dontashia, Tabitha

CONGRATULATIONS!

• 2A Average:

• Summa Cum Laude:

• Magna Cum Laude:

83%83%

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Melissa, Kristina, Danielle Harley, JP, Cindy, Rodney, Paris, DeJohn

Melissa, Kristina, Danielle Harley, JP, Cindy, Rodney, Paris, DeJohn

Structure

The structure of DNA is called a …

Double Helix Double Helix

Function What is the function of DNA? (what is it’s job?)

To store and transmit genetic informationTo store and transmit genetic information

Where is the DNA located in the cell?

The nucleus! The nucleus!

Building Blocks

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotides Nucleotides

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Deoxyribose sugarPhosphate GroupNitrogen-Containing Base

Deoxyribose sugarPhosphate GroupNitrogen-Containing Base

Base-Pairing

What are the 4 bases found in DNA? ThymineAdenine Cytosine Guanine

ThymineAdenine Cytosine Guanine

What base pairs with what?

T = AC = G T = AC = G

Suppose you want to design and build a house. How would you communicate your design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house?

DNA vs. RNA

How do we make proteins from DNA?

How does DNA express our genes? • The process of taking instructions from DNA

and making proteins is genetic expression

DNA cannot leave the nucleus of the cell…..but we need to build the proteins OUTSIDE the nucleus…

What are some possible solutions?

PROBLEM!PROBLEM!

The Solution

• A copy of a piece of DNA is made that can travel outside of the nucleus –To do this, the

cell uses RNA

DNA vs. RNASimilarities: DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids

made of __________________Differences:

DNA RNA

The sugar is called:

__________________

The sugar is called:

__________________

DNA has ___ complimentary strand meaning it is:

__________________

RNA is transcribed into a

__________________

4 Nitrogen Bases: 4 Nitrogen Bases

nucleotides

deoxyribose ribose

2

double stranded single stranded

A – TG – C

A – UracilG – C

• Our bodies need proteins in order to function correctly. There are two cellular processes in charge of making proteins:

• Transcription: Using DNA to make mRNA (Messenger RNA)• Translation: Using mRNA to make proteins

01. ________ 02. ___________ 03. __________

04. _____________ 05. ___________

Protein Synthesis (TO MAKE, BUILD)

DNA mRNA Protein

TRANSLATIONTRANSCRIPTION

Transcription: DNA is made into mRNA.• Occurs in the nucleus. • mRNA (messenger RNA) is copy of DNA that

will leave the nucleus to take the instructions out to a ribosome

Practice with Transcription

• Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA.

• (Remember, in RNA replace T with U)

• DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT• RNA strand: UAA UCC G

LET’S PRACTICE!

• If the DNA strand was A C T G A C T A, the mRNA sequence would be ____________________.

• If the DNA strand was G C A C C T A T, the mRNA sequence would be ____________________.

• If the mRNA was A U U A A G C A, the DNA strand would be ___________________.

• If the mRNA strand was G G C C G U A A, the DNA strand would be __________________.

U G A C U G A U U G A C U G A U

C G U G G A U AC G U G G A U A

T A A T T C G TT A A T T C G T

C C G G C A T TC C G G C A T T

Let’s Practice

1. Take 5 minutes to complete the practice problems

2. Compare answers with partner

Check for Understanding What is the first step in creating proteins?

TranscriptionTranscription

What organelle does it take place in?

Inside the nucleusInside the nucleus

During this transcription, DNA is made into ____

mRNAmRNA

When converting DNA into an RNA strand, thymine is replaced with _________ Uracil (U)Uracil (U)

Why does DNA need to be “transcribed into mRNA?So that the instructions can leave the nucleusSo that the instructions can leave the nucleus