what do you know? what questions do you have? draw and label an annotated diagram of the digestive...
TRANSCRIPT
Topic 6 & 11: Human and Animal Physiology
6.1 Digestion & Absorption
1 - EnzymesRead & Consider 6.1.2-6.1.3
• What do you know?• What questions do you have?• Draw and label an annotated diagram of the
digestive system.
Enzyme BasicsCatalysts decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction.
Substrates are specific reactants that an enzyme acts on.
Activation Energy
Chemical digestion must occur at body temperature!
Macromolecule Monomer
Digestion = “disassembly line”
• Most food molecules are large polymers and insoluble
• They must be digested into smaller molecules before they can be absorbed.
Digestion
Insoluble Food Molecule
Soluble Products
Pancreatic Enzymes
Enzyme Substrate Products Optimum pH
Pancreatic Amylase
Maltose Glucose 7-8
Endopeptidase Polypeptides Amino Acids 8
Pancreatic Lipase
Triglycerides Fatty Acids & Glycerol
7
NOTE:• Enzymes are also released in the mouth and stomach to begin
preliminary chemical breakdown.• All macromolecules consumed can be digested, with the exception of
cellulose (fiber) from plant cells. Cellulose is excreted without being digested.
2 - AbsorptionRead & Consider 6.1.1, 6.1.4-6.1.6
• What do you know?• What questions do you have?
The Small Intestine
Efficient Absorption
• Continuous movement
• Adequate absorption time
• Enormous surface area
Digestion Video
Surface Area
Absorption MechanismsSimple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Pinocytosis
(a) State the name and one
function for each of the labeled parts.
(b) List two pancreatic enzymes and their functions?
(c) Explain how the structure of the villi in the small intestine are related to absorption of digested food.
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Sale, Kenneth. "Enzyme Optimization - Jbei.org." Jbeiorg. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2014.
Tomson, Bill. "Healthy Food Is a Better Deal Than Junk, USDA Says." Health Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2014.
Walpole, Benda. Biology for the IB Diploma. Second ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge UP, 2014. Print.