what counts as evidence in linguistics?. what is universal grammar? a system of grammatical rules...
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What counts as evidence in linguistics?
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WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR?WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR?
A system of grammatical rules and A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all constraints believed to underlie all natural languages natural languages
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What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
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What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
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What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
![Page 7: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity
the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
![Page 8: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity
the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
![Page 9: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
![Page 10: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence
Universality and topological evidence
![Page 11: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What counts as evidence for innateness claims
Species-specificity domain-specificity the logical problem of language acquisition genetic evidence Universality and topological evidence
![Page 12: What counts as evidence in linguistics?. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR? A system of grammatical rules and constraints believed to underlie all natural languages](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e2b5503460f94b197af/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Brief HistoryBrief History
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Brief HistoryBrief History
The 19The 19thth century: evolutionary biology century: evolutionary biology
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Brief HistoryBrief History
The 19The 19thth century: evolutionary biology century: evolutionary biology
Early 20Early 20thth century: sociology and psychology century: sociology and psychology
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Brief HistoryBrief History
The 19The 19thth century: evolutionary biology century: evolutionary biology
Early 20Early 20thth century: sociology and psychology century: sociology and psychology
End of the 20End of the 20thth century: cognitive century: cognitive psychology/sciencespsychology/sciences
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Popper and the principle of the falsificationPopper and the principle of the falsification
A scientist, whether theorist or experimenter, puts forward statements, or systems of statements, and tests them step by step. In the field of empirical sciences, more particularly, he constructs hypotheses, or systems of theories, and tests them against experience by observation and experiment.
Popper.
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EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT
By Johnson,By Johnson,
Ohio state university, Columbus, Ohio state university, Columbus, OhioOhio
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Given sentences
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For the sentences in For the sentences in table 1 this point table 1 this point should be between the should be between the 33rdrd and 4 and 4thth for list 1 for list 1 sentencessentences
.. For the list 2- between For the list 2- between the 5the 5thth and 6 and 6thth words, words,and between the 2and between the 2ndnd and 3and 3rdrd
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ResultsResultsTo test the difference between the To test the difference between the
groups each S scored for the total number of groups each S scored for the total number of words given correctly for the total number of words given correctly for the total number of words given correctly across the 13 trials.words given correctly across the 13 trials.
The mean for group 1 is 337, The mean for group 1 is 337,
for group 2 is 365.for group 2 is 365.
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Analysis
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first phrase of the list 1 sentences. The probabilities were computed across all sentences and all Ss.
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Common misconceptions concerning the Common misconceptions concerning the nature of the linguistic datanature of the linguistic data
““Psychologically real” dataPsychologically real” data
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Common misconceptions concerning the Common misconceptions concerning the nature of the linguistic datanature of the linguistic data
““Psychologically real” dataPsychologically real” dataSpontaneous speech data as privileged evidenceSpontaneous speech data as privileged evidence
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Common misconceptions concerning the Common misconceptions concerning the nature of the linguistic datanature of the linguistic data
““Psychologically real” dataPsychologically real” dataSpontaneous speech data as privileged evidenceSpontaneous speech data as privileged evidence
Competence data VS performance dataCompetence data VS performance data
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Types of empirical dataTypes of empirical data
(i) qualitative vs. quantitative data,
(ii) direct vs. indirect evidence,
(iii) spontaneous vs. elicited data.
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Types of empirical dataTypes of empirical data
(i) qualitative vs. quantitative data
(ii) direct vs. indirect evidence
(iii) spontaneous vs. elicited data
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Types of empirical dataTypes of empirical data
(i) qualitative vs. quantitative data
(ii) direct vs. indirect evidence
(iii) spontaneous vs. elicited data
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Types of empirical dataTypes of empirical data
(i) qualitative vs. quantitative data,
(ii) direct vs. indirect evidence,
(iii) spontaneous vs. elicited data
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““Third kind” of evidenceThird kind” of evidence
……Computer modelingComputer modeling