what are ethics?thompsonsocstudies.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/3/3/... · • examples: justice,...
TRANSCRIPT
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What are ethics?
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What are ethics?
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Ethics and Law
• The laws a society makes reflect the ethical standards of that society.
• EX: In the United States we believe that driving at high speeds is dangerous and a hazard to the common good. Therefore, we make laws that limit the speed that cars may drive.
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Ethics and Law
• YOUR TURN: Think of a law that reflects an ethical value of the United States… Explain which ethical values are being upheld by the law…
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QUESTIONS
• How do you determine what is right and what is wrong?
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Ethical Philosophies
• Utilitarianism
• Deontology
• Consequentialism
• Moral Relativism
• Virtue Ethics
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UtilitarianismDecisions are based around the concept of doing the most good for the most people.
So, a utilitarian looks to benefit the maximum number of people as much of the time as possible, sometimes at the expense of the individual or small groups.
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Deontology• Decisions are
based around the adherence to rules or strict moral codes.
• For example, lying is wrong, even if it is done to spare someone’s feelings.
• Things are always right or always wrong.
• Morality comes from “duty”
• Founder: Immanuel Kant
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Consequentialism• Decisions are based around how the situations
turned out in the end.
• In other words, doing something “immoral” is justified if it serves a better outcome than doing nothing or adhering to rigid codes of morality.
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Virtue Ethics• Correct moral action is
derived from exposure to and then practicing decision making in moral situations.
• The more moral action one takes, the more moral one becomes. Moral behavior takes practice!
• Founder: Aristotle
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Virtue Ethics• Aristotle taught that there were “virtues” humans should
strive for in their daily lives and that they should practice these in measured amounts.
• Examples: justice, courage, loyalty, temperance, civility, humility, etc…
• When a person was practicing too little (vice of deficiency), or too much (vice of excess), this would be an immoral act. Aristotle called the perfect balance, the concept of the “mean”.
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Courage
VICE of DEFICIENCY
MEAN VICE of EXCESS
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Courage
VICE of DEFICIENCY
MEAN VICE of EXCESS
COWARDICE BRAVERY RECKLESSNESS
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Moral Relativism • Relativists believe that there are no
set moralities and that moral decision making must rest purely on the people and the particular culture they belong to.
• However, immoral acts are still possible when the act offends the prevailing ethical standards of a particular culture.
• Different cultures can have differing moral codes, but members must still adhere to those codes.
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Moral Relativism
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Read “Shipwrecked”
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