CHAPTER 4Section 5 Notes

SHI HUANGDI Shi Huangdi---means “first emperor” Zheng proclaimed himself this title Shi Huangdi built the strong,

authoritarian government of the Qin dynasty

Unified all of China---banned feudalism and replaced feudal states with 36 military districts

Capital of the Qin dynasty was at Xianyang

SHI HUANGDI (FORMERLY ZHENG)

XIANYANG

SHI HUANGDI To promote unity, Shi Huangdi

standardized weights and measures and replaced the diverse coins of the Zhou states with Qin coins

Shi Huangdi cracked down on opposition---he jailed, tortured, and killed people who opposed his rule---he also burned all literature and philosophy books only sparing books on medicine and agriculture

THE GREAT WALL Shi Huangdi’s most remarkable and costly

achievement was the Great Wall Hundreds of thousands of laborers worked for

years through bitter cold and burning heat They pounded earth and stone into a

mountainous wall almost 25 feet high topped with a wide brick road

Eventually, the Great Wall would snake its way across thousands of miles of northern China

The wall became an important symbol to the Chinese people---dividing and protecting their civilized world from the nomadic peoples north of the wall

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

GREAT WALL OF CHINA Let’s watch a video on the Great Wall of

China!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMV

ZohnCwA&feature=player_detailpage

SHI HUANGDI Shi Huangdi thought his empire would

last forever (doesn’t everyone!) After his death in 210 B.C., anger over

heavy taxes, forced labor, and cruel policies exploded into revolts

Shi Huandi’s tomb is quite impressive!!!

SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB

SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB

SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB

SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB

SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB

SHI HUANDI Let’s watch a video about Shi Huangdi’s

tomb!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YV19

yTkVtsQ&feature=player_detailpage

THE HAN DYNASTY Liu Bang, an illiterate peasant leader,

defeated rival armies and founded the new Han dynasty

Liu Bang claimed that his power was based on the Mandate of Heaven

As emperor, he took the title Gao Zu and restored order and justice to his empire

He appointed Confucian scholars as his advisers

The Han dynasty lasted from 206 B.C.-220 A.D.

THE HAN DYNASTY The most famous Han emperor was Wudi He strengthened the government and economy,

chose officials from Confucian scholars, and set up an imperial university at Xian

Economic growth was increased by improving canals and roads

He set up granaries set up across the empire so the government could buy surplus grain and sell it at stable prices when it was scarce

Set up a government monopoly on iron and salt---the sale of iron and salt gave the government a source of income other than taxes on the peasants

WUDI

THE HAN DYNASTY Wudi’s expansionist policy increased the

amount of territory under Chinese control

He fought many battles to expand China’s borders and drive nomadic peoples beyond the Great Wall

Chinese armies added outposts in Manchuria, Korea, northern Vietnam, Tibet, and Central Asia

Soldiers, traders, and settlers slowly spread Chinese influence across these areas

THE HAN DYNASTY Wudi opened up the Silk Road that

linked China to the west for centuries The Chinese traded silk for goods from

the west such as grapes, figs, cucumbers, walnuts, furs from Central Asia, glass from Rome, or muslin from India

Eventually the Silk Road stretched for 4,000 miles linking China to the Fertile Crescent

Goods were relayed in stages from one set of traders to another

THE SILK ROAD

THE HAN DYNASTY Han emperors made Confucianism the

official belief system of the state A scholar-official was expected to match

the Confucian idea of a gentlemen---courteous, dignified, and possess a thorough knowledge of history, music, poetry, and Confucian teachings

Han emperors believed government officials should get jobs based on merit rather than family backgrounds

THE HAN DYNASTY Began a system of exams to find the

most qualified government officials Civil service exams were given at the

local, provincial, and national levels Usually only the wealthy could afford

the years of studying to pass the exams; women were closed out of government jobs

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMS

THE HAN DYNASTY Eventually the Han empire began to

collapse Local warlords began to gain more

power Weak emperors let canals and roads

break down Peasants revolted over the heavy taxes

and crushing debt In 220 A.D., the last Han emperor was

overthrown China then broke up into different states

with some controlled by outside invaders

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE Han scientists wrote books on chemistry,

zoology, botany, and other subjects Observed and measured movements of the

stars and planets---helped to improve calendars

Invented a simple seismograph to detect and measure earthquakes

Wang Chong---believed that comets and eclipses WERE NOT caused by heaven’s anger

He also believed that no scientific theories should be accepted unless they were supported by proof

WANG CHONG

DON’T CONFUSE WANG CHONG WITH WANG CHUNG!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoXu

6QmxpJE&feature=player_detailpage

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE Chinese physicians diagnosed diseases,

experimented with herbal remedies, and developed anesthetics

Some doctors explored the medical use of acupuncture

Acupuncture---inserting needles under the skin at specific points to relieve pain or illness

ACUPUNCTURE

ACUPUNCTURE

ACUPUNCTURE

CUP ACUPUNCTURE

LET’S LEARN ABOUT ACUPUNCTURE!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXgV

z4ZqAxo&feature=player_detailpage

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE In it’s time, Han China was the most

technologically advanced civilization in the world

Made durable paper out of wood pulp Invented the rudder to steer ships Invented wheelbarrows, suspension

bridges, and chain pumps

CHINESE EMPIRE Shi Huangdi, Gao Zu, Wudi, and later

Han rulers forged a vast and varied land into a united China

Han rulers created an empire roughly the size of the continental United States

During this period, Chinese officials established the pattern of government that would survive until 1912