WG CDR AVK RAJUGD SPL (AV MED)

AIR FORCE STATION MUMBAI

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

SENSE OF ONE’S SENSE OF ONE’S POSITION POSITION MOTIONMOTION ATTITUDEATTITUDE

IN RELATION TO THREE DIMENSIONAL IN RELATION TO THREE DIMENSIONAL SPACE DEFINED BY SPACE DEFINED BY

SURFACE OF THE EARTH SURFACE OF THE EARTH THE GRAVITATIONAL VERTICALTHE GRAVITATIONAL VERTICAL

11

AN AVIATOR FAILS TO SENSE AN AVIATOR FAILS TO SENSE CORRECTLY , HIS CORRECTLY , HIS MOTION , MOTION , POSITION AND ATTITUDE POSITION AND ATTITUDE WITH IN WITH IN THE FIXED COORDINATE SYSTEM THE FIXED COORDINATE SYSTEM PROVIDED BY THE SURFACE OF PROVIDED BY THE SURFACE OF EARTH AND THE GRAVITATIONAL EARTH AND THE GRAVITATIONAL VERTICALVERTICAL

12

13

Study on 55 pilotsStudy on 55 pilots (Aggarwal, 1999)(Aggarwal, 1999)

1 episode of SD1 episode of SD 91% 91%

>1 episode of SD>1 episode of SD 60% 60%

Type I (22.2%); Type II (53.5%); Type III (24.2%)Type I (22.2%); Type II (53.5%); Type III (24.2%)

R accident analysisR accident analysis (Gomez, Ghosh)(Gomez, Ghosh) 1995-2000 1995-2000

Total Major accidents related to SD Total Major accidents related to SD 12 12

Total FatalitiesTotal Fatalities 1818

1.1. VISUALVISUAL - FOCAL & PERIPHERAL- FOCAL & PERIPHERAL

2.2. VESTIBULARVESTIBULAR

3.3. PROPRIOCEPTIVEPROPRIOCEPTIVE - MUSCLE, TENDON & JOINT- MUSCLE, TENDON & JOINT

4.4. CUTANEOUSCUTANEOUS - MECHANORECEPTORS- MECHANORECEPTORS

5.5. AUDITORYAUDITORY

Visual

Vestibular

ProprioceptiveALL THREE SYSTEMS INTERGRATE TO FORM A COMPLETE MENTAL PICTURE

14

15

VISUAL – 90 %

VESTIBULAR – 5 %

PROPRIOCEPTIVE – 5 %

16

IMPORTANT FOR ORIENTATION

IMPORTANT FOR ORIENTATION

17

WHAT VISION

WHERE VISION

VISUAL ORIENTATION CUESVISUAL ORIENTATION CUES

BINOCULAR

CUES

• Stereopsis

• Accommodation

• Convergence

MONOCULAR CUES

• Size constancy

• Aerial Perspective

• Linear Perspective

• Motion Parallax

• Interposition

• Texture and gradient

19

20

21

22

23

24

(Helicopter Aircrew)(Helicopter Aircrew)

25

SHAPE CONSTANCYSHAPE CONSTANCY

26

SIZE CONSTANCYSIZE CONSTANCY

27

28

30

31

THE SHADOW CAST BY MOVING THE SHADOW CAST BY MOVING ROTORS PASSING OVER COCKPIT ROTORS PASSING OVER COCKPIT CAUSE THIS ILLUSIONCAUSE THIS ILLUSION

33

34

35

TYPE – I: UNRECOGNISEDTYPE – I: UNRECOGNISED

TYPE – II: RECOGNISEDTYPE – II: RECOGNISED

TYPE – III: INCAPACITATEDTYPE – III: INCAPACITATED

36

IMCIMC NIGHT FLYINGNIGHT FLYING UN-NECESSARY HEAD MOVEMENTSUN-NECESSARY HEAD MOVEMENTS FORMATION FLYING IN ADVERSE FORMATION FLYING IN ADVERSE

WEATHER CONDITIONSWEATHER CONDITIONS HYPOXIAHYPOXIA PHYSICAL & MENTAL HEALTH OF PHYSICAL & MENTAL HEALTH OF

AIRCREWAIRCREW FATIGUEFATIGUE

37

. NIGHT. NIGHT

. BAD WEATHER : RAIN, SNOW, FOG, . BAD WEATHER : RAIN, SNOW, FOG, MIST, HAZEMIST, HAZE. HIGH ALTITUDE. HIGH ALTITUDE. MONSOON. MONSOON. CLOUD. CLOUD. OVER FEATURELESS TERRAIN. OVER FEATURELESS TERRAIN. ATMOSPHERIC WHITE OUT. ATMOSPHERIC WHITE OUT. BLACK-HOLE APPROACHES. BLACK-HOLE APPROACHES

38

39

• SELECTION• HEALTH & MEDICATION• INDOCTRINATION & TRG• IN-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

• INSTRUMENT PROFIENCY• BREAK IN FLYING

• GOOD COCKPIT LAYOUT• HUD• AUTO PILOT• DISPLAY

DO NOT MIX IMC WITH VMC (IMF WITH DO NOT MIX IMC WITH VMC (IMF WITH VMF)VMF)

TRUST YOUR INSTRUMENTSTRUST YOUR INSTRUMENTS DO NOT ANALYSE THE SITUATIONDO NOT ANALYSE THE SITUATION MAINTAIN INSTRUMENT SCAN PATTERNMAINTAIN INSTRUMENT SCAN PATTERN TALK, GIVE YOUR HEAD A SHAKETALK, GIVE YOUR HEAD A SHAKE HAND OVER CONTROLS TO CO-PILOTHAND OVER CONTROLS TO CO-PILOT CALL OUT EMERGENCY, SEEK HELPCALL OUT EMERGENCY, SEEK HELP ENGAGE AUTOPILOTENGAGE AUTOPILOT

40

DISO TRG IN IAFDISO TRG IN IAF

41

42