wettability improvement with enzymes: application to
TRANSCRIPT
Wettability Improvement with Enzymes: Wettability Improvement with Enzymes: Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery under Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery under Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery under Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery under
Conditions of the North Sea ReservoirsConditions of the North Sea Reservoirs
Fundamental Research on Surfactants and PolymersFundamental Research on Surfactants and Polymers
27 August, 201227 August, 2012
Alsu KhusainovaAlsu Khusainova
CERECenter for Energy Resources Engineering
BioRecBioRec ProjectProjectBioRecBioRec ProjectProject
Biotechnological Biotechnological Enhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Oil Recovery
GashydrateGashydrate Inhibition by Inhibition by Ice Structuring ProteinsIce Structuring Proteins
Microbial Induced Microbial Induced CorrosionCorrosion
Enzymatic Enzymatic Microbial Enhanced Oil RecoveryMicrobial Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Enhanced Oil RecoveryEnhanced Oil RecoveryMicrobial Enhanced Oil RecoveryMicrobial Enhanced Oil Recovery
The Main GoalThe Main Goal
To establish possible mechanisms in which h ilenzymes may enhance oil recovery
=+
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… and Also… and Also
• enzymes with maximum potential for EOR
• enzymatic action = f (T, p, ions etc. )
• synergetic effects of enzymes with surfactants and/orsynergetic effects of enzymes with surfactants and/orother EOR techniques
• enzymatic EOR biotechnology for Danish North Sea oile y at c O b otec o ogy o s o Se ofields
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What are the Enzymes?What are the Enzymes?t i t l t f li i t• protein catalysts from living systems
• recently have been introduced into the field of EOR
OxidoreductasesHydrolasesAB + H2O → AOH + BH
Carbohydrases Esterases/LipasesProteases
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Initial HypothesisInitial HypothesisInitial HypothesisInitial HypothesisEnzymes in EOREnzymes in EOR
A t surfactants A t proteinsA t catal sts Act as a surfactants Act as a proteinsAct as a catalysts
Produce additional Decrease interfacial Improve wettability Produce additional interfacially active oil
components (e.g. R-COOH)
Decrease interfacial tension (IFT) between oil
and brine
Improve wettability by adsorption of
enzymes on interfaces
Improve wettability and/or IFT
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Contact Angle MeasurementsContact Angle MeasurementsContact Angle MeasurementsContact Angle MeasurementsPlacement of the oil drop
Recording of the oil drop shape
Image processing and analysing
Obt i i f t t l lObtaining of contact angle value
Image Processing -Matlab
Image Analysis -Image J
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E i t l C ditiE i t l C ditiExperimental ConditionsExperimental Conditions• Room T and p• Brine – synthetic North Sea water
• 17 enzyme products: 15 C i l Mi2 Commercial Mixtures 1% 0.5% 0.1%
“Sandstone” Oil“Chalk” Oil Sandstone Oil
Calcite ≈ Chalk Quartz ≈Sandstone & Mica ≈ Clay
Chalk Oil
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Contact Angle: Contact Angle: Terms & Initial Terms & Initial Contact Angle: Contact Angle: Terms & Initial Terms & Initial ConditionsConditions
ΘΘ
Θ Brine
Oil
Oil – Wet StateΘ = 105-180
Intermediate – Wet StateΘ = 75-105
Water – Wet StateΘ =0-75
Minerals in Sea Water:
Anderson, 1986
5 75 5 75
Enzymatic Action:
• Calcite Θ = 38 ± 7 °• Quartz Θ = 35 ± 5 °
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Adhesion Behavior Test: Adhesion Behavior Test: TermsTermsAdhesion Behavior Test: Adhesion Behavior Test: TermsTerms
Adhesion
TemporaryAdhesion
Non-adhesion
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Adhesion MapAdhesion Map
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Contact AnglesContact Angles
Calcite in SW Θ = 38 ± 7°
Lipases/Esterases 0° (100 % reduction)
Carbohydrases No significant changes
Proteases Mixed ResultProteases Mixed Result
Oxidoreductases No significant changes
EOR-Zymax No significant changesy g g
Apollo-Greenzyme 25 % decrease
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NN S l S l GGNovozymesNovozymes Samples Samples vsvs. . GreenzymeGreenzyme
Novozymes Sample Apollo Greenzyme Sample
• Non-adhesion – CA=0° • Non-adhesion – CA> 0°
First evidence of different working mechanisms
• Spherical shape • Prolonged shape
First evidence of different working mechanisms Greenzyme – change of IFT and wettability?
Particles? Novozymes samples change of only wettability? Novozymes samples – change of only wettability?
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En me or Stabili er?En me or Stabili er?Enzyme or Stabilizer?Enzyme or Stabilizer?
%% 0 %
2-5
%2-
5 %
25-3
0
Propylene GlycolPure Lipase
• Adhesion• Non-adhesion• CA = 27°• CA (SW) = 38°
• CA = 0°• CA (enzymes product) = 0°
Enzyme Product Pure Enzyme
1 % 0.02 – 0.05 %
0.5 % 0.01 – 0.025 %
Enzyme is working Enzyme is working Component !!!Component !!!
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0.1 % 0.002 – 0.005 %Component !!!Component !!!
R f E iR f E iReference ExperimentsReference Experimentsf iSurfactant DecaneProtein
LipaseBovine Serum Albumin Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
!!! WORKS !!!!!! WORKS !!!
0.05 - 1% 0.005-0.05% 0.001-
Apollo Greenzyme • Adhesion°
0.005%
• CA = 27°
• Non-adhesion°
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• CA = 0°
ConclusionsConclusions
• Enzymes might be of particular interest in terms of EOR
Li th t i i f th • Lipases – the most promising group of the enzymes
• Apollo-Greenzyme has potential, but very mixed result
• Preliminary mechanism proposal:
Novozymes samples change wettabilityc
Apollo-Greenzyme decreases the IFT
• Wettability might be improved due to Wettability might be improved due to
adsorption of proteins onto the oil-brine and/or brine-mineral interfaces
formation of additional interfacially active compounds formation of additional interfacially active compounds
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• zsdf
• Dr. Tonci Zunic (the Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen)
• Apollo Separation Technologies
• VH Biotechnology
Thank You!!!Thank You!!!
VH Biotechnology
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Any Questions?Any Questions?
CERECenter for Energy Resources Engineering
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