western civilization lecture 12

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization

Mr. MikeMr. MikeLecture 12Lecture 12


Post War Europe

Russia pushed the Nazis out of Eastern Europe

UK-USA allies pushed the Nazis out of Western Europe

Post war Europe closely resembled the East-West liberation of Nazi held territories.


The Cold War

After WWII Europe was divided between between the East and West

The Soviet Union helped to establish communist governments in many parts of Eastern Europe.

Warsaw Pact formed a new military alliance between European communist countries

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationThe Cold WarThe Cold War

The USA established the Marshal Plan to rebuild the infrastructure of democratic governments in Western Europe

NATO established as a military organization as a check on the Soviet Union


Germany was split between the Soviet Union (East) and Western Allies (West)

Checkpoint Charlie was the border point between East and West Berlin


1947 – Truman Doctrine established to contain the spread of communism

Growing Distrust between Soviet Union and USA


The Cold War

The Berlin Blocade

Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control

Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin

Western Civilization Western Civilization The Cold WarThe Cold War

The Korean War

1950-1953

A military conflict between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with military material aid from the Soviet Union

The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the Allies end of World War II

Korean War end with a permanent division between North and South Korea.

About 2 million people killed during the conflict


Berlin Crisis of 1961

The U.S.S.R. issued an ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Western armed forces from West Berlin

Western Allies refused the ultimatum

East and West Berlin were permanently divided

East Germany erection of the Berlin Wall to separate the city


The Vietnam-American War

1955-1975

North – Supported by Communist Allies

South – Supported by the USA

USA never obtained an official declaration of war – it saw its role as aiding South Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh warned that if the Americans "want to make war for twenty years then we shall make war for twenty years. If they want to make peace, we shall make peace and invite them to afternoon tea."

About 3.5 million people killed during the conflict

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationDecolonization

After WWII Popular opinion shifted regarding colonization

Many colonized people were frustrated by their involvement in WWI & WWII and the lack of recognition for it

Anti-colonization movement spread after WWII


1946

Ho Chi Minh led the States of French Indo-China in a war of independence against French rule.


1947

Nationalist uprising in Madagascar against French rule

French military stopped the revolt by force killing about 40,000 people


The 20 CenturyThe 20 Century

Progress???

Civilization???

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationThe 20 CenturyThe 20 Century

War 35-40 million soldier

killed in war 160 million total

people killed in war


Genocide Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1992-1995 - 200,000 Deaths

Rwanda: 1994 - 800,000 Deaths

Pol Pot in Cambodia: 1975-1979 - 2,000,000 Deaths

Nazi Holocaust: 1938-1945 - 11,000,000 Deaths

Rape of Nanking: 1937-1938 - 300,000 Deaths

Stalin's Forced Famine: 1932-1933 - 7,000,000 Deaths

Armenians in Turkey: 1915-1918 - 1,500,000 Deaths


Existentialism Condemned to freedom Life is meaningless, absurd

and unfair Existence before meaning Human condition involves

despair, anguish, anxiety, absurdity, alienation

Albert Camus – the only serious philosophical issue is suicide

Western Western CivilizationCivilization

THE SECOND COMINGTHE SECOND COMING

By William Butler YeatesBy William Butler Yeates

Turning and turning in the widening gyreTurning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer;The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhereThe blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned;The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worstThe best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity.Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand.Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words outThe Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus MundiWhen a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: a waste of desert sand;Troubles my sight: a waste of desert sand; A shape with lion body and the head of a man,A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about itIs moving its slow thighs, while all about it Wind shadows of the indignant desert birds.Wind shadows of the indignant desert birds.


The darkness drops again but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?


Dadaism Avant-garde – extends the

boundaries of what is accepted as art.

Post-WWI Movement of modern art

Anti-war Anti-Rationalist Asks the question: “What is

Art?” Ridicule the meaninglessness

of the modern world


Marcel Duchamp French Dadaist Experimented with art to

explore what can be considered art

Often ridiculed art, especially art critics

Ready-made works challenge the standard views of art


Nude Descending a Staircase No.2 (1912) Mechanistic motion Fragmentation of reality Abstraction of reality – not a

picture of movement, but the idea of movement

Anti-realist form, line, & color


Bicycle Wheel (1913) Duchamp's first Ready-

made Bicycle wheel mounted

on a stool What can be called art? Can everyday objects

be considered art?


The Fountain (1917) Ready-made art Urinal on it's side signed by

Duchamp as “R. Mutt” (the manufacturer of the urinal)

Challenged contemporary views of art

Mounting everyday objects in a different way causes the viewer to take notice of the object


Cubism Cubism Avant-garde art movementAvant-garde art movement

Photography – no need for Photography – no need for realism in artrealism in art

Deconstruction – Objects are Deconstruction – Objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted formassembled in an abstracted form

Depicts subjects from multiple Depicts subjects from multiple viewpoints at the same timeviewpoints at the same time

Seeming “random” sharp angles Seeming “random” sharp angles

Loss of perspective and depthLoss of perspective and depth

Fractured (broken) realityFractured (broken) reality


The 20 CenturyThe 20 Century

Cubism


Pablo Picasso Co-founder of the

Cubism Studied and painted

realism in his early career

Highly experimental painting styles


Science and CharityScience and Charity (Picasso, age 16) (Picasso, age 16)


Family of SaltimbanquesFamily of Saltimbanques (1905) (1905)


Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)


Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1910)Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1910)


Guernica (1937)Guernica (1937)


The 20 CenturyThe 20 CenturySurrealism Surrealism Avant-garde art movementAvant-garde art movement

Anti-RationalAnti-Rational

Unexpected visual arrangementsUnexpected visual arrangements

Distorted reality Distorted reality


The 20 CenturyThe 20 CenturySalvador Dali Salvador Dali Surrealist PainterSurrealist Painter

Know for his eccentric Know for his eccentric behavior behavior


Cruxifixion (Hypercubic Body)

Temptation of St. AnthonyTemptation of St. Anthony

The Persistence of MemoryThe Persistence of Memory

Soft Construction with Boiled Beans Soft Construction with Boiled Beans

(Premonition of Civil War), 1936(Premonition of Civil War), 1936


Abstract expressionism Abstract expressionism Spontaneous, automatic or Spontaneous, automatic or

subconscious creationssubconscious creations

Anti-figurative AestheticAnti-figurative Aesthetic

Rebellious – against the “rules” Rebellious – against the “rules” of artof art

Very individualistic styles from Very individualistic styles from previous artists and each otherprevious artists and each other

Some are Nihilistic – belief that Some are Nihilistic – belief that life is meaningless life is meaningless

Jackson Pollock, No. 5, 1948

Jane Frank, Jane Frank, Crags and CrevicesCrags and Crevices (1961) (1961)

Composition VI, (Kandinsky 1913)Composition VI, (Kandinsky 1913)

Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954


MinimalismMinimalism Painting stripped down to its Painting stripped down to its

most fundamental features – most fundamental features – lines and color lines and color

Sometimes called “ABC Art”Sometimes called “ABC Art”

Reaction against Abstract Reaction against Abstract ExpressionismExpressionism

Art was not Self-expressionArt was not Self-expression

Features included: geometric Features included: geometric forms, line, base or primary forms, line, base or primary colorscolors

Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1913


Piet MondrianPiet Mondrian Non-representational paintings Non-representational paintings

(both anti-realist and anti-(both anti-realist and anti-expressional)expressional)

Interested in thick black lines, Interested in thick black lines, primary colors and primary primary colors and primary shapesshapes

““Composition” (how a painting is Composition” (how a painting is organized) became the subject organized) became the subject of many pantings of many pantings

Gray Tree, 1912

Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930

Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red, 1937–42

Composition 10, 1939–1942

western civilization lecture 12

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