west philadelphia achievement charter v src sdp

7/24/2019 West Philadelphia Achievement Charter v Src Sdp

1/18

[J-1-2016]

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIAEASTERN DISTRICT

SAYLOR, C.J., EAKIN, BAER, TODD, DONOHUE, DOUHERTY, !ECHT, JJ.

WEST PHILADELPHIA ACHIEVEMENTCHARTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL,

Petitioner

v.

THE SCHOOL DISTRICT OFPHILADELPHIA AND SCHOOL REFORMCOMMISSION,

Respondents

No. !" EM #$"%

AR&'ED Septe()er *, #$"%RE+S'MITTED -n/r0 #$, #$"1

OPINION

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE SAYLOR DECIDED" F#$%&'%( 16, 2016

In t2is (tter 3e ddress 32et2er 4e5is4tion desi5ned to 2e4p t2e P2i4de4p2i

S62oo4 Distri6t re6over 7ro( 7inn6i4 2rds2ip vio4tes t2e non+de4e5tion r/4e.

P/)4i6 s62oo4s in Penns04vni re 5overned )0 t2e P/)4i6 S62oo4 Code o7

"*%*." In "*8*, Arti64e VI9F: 3s dded to t2e 6ode to ssist s62oo4 distri6ts

e;perien6in5 7inn6i4 distress. See #% P.S. :.

#In prti6/4r, ne3 Arti64e VI9F: 3s dded 3it2 t2e ori5in4 Arti64e VI9F:, pertinin5 to

n /nre4ted topi6, re(inin5 in p46e. It is /n@no3n 320 t2e Le5is4t/re d/p4i6ted t2e

rti64e nd se6tion n/()ers. S/62 desi5ntions s /sed 2ere pertin to t2e se6ond

Arti64e VI9F: pperin5 in t2e S62oo4 Code, i.e., t2e Distress L3.


2/18

-+"+#$"1B + #

9t2e =S62oo4 Distri6t>:, t2e Le5is4t/re 5in (ended t2e S62oo4 Code in t2e 4te "**$s

)0 ddin5 provisions to t2e Distress L3 ti4ored to s62oo4 distri6ts o7 t2e 7irst 64ss, i.e.,

t2e S62oo4 Distri6t. See A6t o7 Apr. #?, "**, P.L. #?$, No. %1 9=A6t %1>:. A6t %1

/5(ented Se6tion 1*" o7 t2e S62oo4 Code so t2t t2e Se6retr0 o7 Ed/6tion 6o/4d

de64re t2e S62oo4 Distri6t distressed i7 it 7i4ed 6ertin )/d5etr0 re/ire(ents or 3o/4d

7i4 to provide n ed/6tion4 pro5r( in 6o(p4in6e 3it2 t2e S62oo4 Code, t2e Stte

ord o7 Ed/6tions re5/4tions, or t2e Se6retr0s stndrds. See#% P.S. : to oversee it. See id.


3/18

-+"+#$"1B + !

s/spended nd t2e present SRC 3s ppointed nd ss/(ed 5overnn6e o7 t2e

distri6t.

Men32i4e, Petitioner, t2e West P2i4de4p2i A62ieve(ent C2rter E4e(entr0

S62oo4 9t2e =C2rter S62oo4>: 2d pp4ied 7or 62rter. In #$$", t2e S62oo4 Distri6t

5rnted it 7ive+0er 62rter 32i62 t2e SRC rene3ed 7or n ddition4 7ive 0ers in

#$$1. As t2e 62rters e;pirtion ppro62ed in #$"", t2e C2rter S62oo4 5in so/52t

rene34. T2e SRC responded )0 pssin5 Reso4/tion #$ o7 #$"" 9=SRC+#$""+#$>:.

SRC+#$""+#$ spe6i7ied t2t t2e C2rter S62oo4s 62rter 3s rene3)4e 7or n

ddition4 7ive 0ers s/)Ge6t to 6ertin 6onditions. It 4so provided t2t, =t2e SRC,

p/rs/nt to se6tion 1+1*19i:9!: o7 t2e P/)4i6 S62oo4 Code, prti440 s/spends t2e

6orre6tive 6tion stt/s provision in Se6tion "?+"?#*+A9.": o7 t2e C2rter S62oo4 L3 .

. ..> SRC+#$""+#$ t #.! Se6tion "?+"?#*+A9.":, t2e s/spended provision, sttes t2t

32en 62rter s62oo4 4o6ted in 7irst 64ss s62oo4 distri6t is in 6orre6tive 6tion stt/s

(enin5 it 2s 7i4ed to (eet de/te 0er40 pro5ress 7or t 4est 7o/r 6onse6/tive

0ers, see #% P.S.


4/18

-+"+#$"1B + %

re not s/)Ge6t to s62oo4+distri6t+i(posed enro44(ent 6ps. See #% P.S.


5/18

-+"+#$"1B + 8

7or nonrene34 or revo6tion Se6tion "?+"?#*+A96:, 32i62 re/ires t2t p/)4i6 2erin5

)e 2e4d re5rdin5 n0 de6ision to revo@e or not rene3 62rter Se6tion "?+"?#*+A9d:,

32i62 est)4is2es pro6ed/re 7or 62rter s62oo4s to ppe4 s62oo4 distri6ts

revo6tion or nonrene34 deter(intion to t2e Stte C2rter S62oo4 Appe4 ord nd

Se6tion "?+"?#*+A97:, 32i62 64ri7ies t2t, 32i4e n d(inistrtive ppe4 is on5oin5, t2e

s62oo4s 62rter re(ins in e77e6t. T2e reso4/tion indi6ted t2t t2ese ddition4

s/spensions =s244 not )e e77e6tive /nti4 po4i60 6ontinin5 set o7 stndrds nd

pro6ed/res is dopted )0 t2e SRCB.> Id.t 8.

SRC+#$"!+" 4so e;pnded t2e SRCs /t2orit0 to i(pose st/dent per7or(n6e

tr5ets on 62rter s62oo4s. As noted, Se6tion "?+"?#*+A9.": per(its t2e i(position o7

st/dent per7or(n6e tr5ets on40 32en t2e 62rter s62oo4 is in 6orre6tive 6tion stt/s.

SRC+#$"!+" stted t2t t2e SRC =needs (ore 74e;i)i4it0 in de64inin5 to rene3 poor+

per7or(in5 62rter s62oo4 nd desires to re/ire 44 62rter s62oo4s to (eet spe6i7i6

reson)4e st/dent per7or(n6e tr5ets.B> SRC+#$"!+" t 1. A66ordin540, t2is portion

o7 SRC+#$"!+" )ro5ted Se6tion "?+"?#*+A9.":s 4i(ittion t2t on40 s62oo4s in

6orre6tive 6tion stt/s (0 )e s/)Ge6t to per7or(n6e tr5ets s 6ondition o7 62rter

rene34. See id.%

Ne;t, SRC+#$"!+" o)served t2t t2e S62oo4 Code does not per(it 4i(its on

62rter s62oo4 enro44(ent /n4ess t2e 62rter s62oo4 5rees to s/62 4i(its. SeeSRC+

#$"!+" t 1 96itin5 #% P.S.


6/18

-+"+#$"1B + 1

#$"!+" s/spended Se6tion "?+"?#8+A9:98: nd 44 sso6ited re5/4tions. SeeSRC+

#$"!+" t ?.

In Fe)r/r0 #$"%, t2e SRC re4esed dr7t version o7 its =Proposed C2rter

S62oo4s Po4i60,> pprent40 to i(p4e(ent SRC+#$"!+"s provisions, so(e o7 32i62, s

noted, 3ere s/)Ge6t to t2e doption o7 stndrds nd pro6ed/res. T2e C2rter S62oo4s

Po4i60 sttes, inter alia, t2t 62rter s62oo4s (/st 66ept enro44(ent 6ps i(posed )0

t2e SRC. It 4so provides t2t, in t2e )sen6e o7 n 5ree(ent )et3een 62rter

s62oo4 nd t2e SRC, t2e SRC (0 di6tte t2e ter(s /nder 32i62 t2e 62rter s62oo4

opertes. As 3e44, t2e C2rter S62oo4s Po4i60 sets 7ort2 ne3 resons to revo@e or non+

rene3 62rter t2t do not pper in t2e S62oo4 Code, in64/din5 t2t 62rter s62oo4

7i4ed to 6o(p40 3it2 SRC+i(posed enro44(ent 6ps.

S2ort40 7ter t2e re4ese o7 t2e Proposed C2rter S62oo4s Po4i60, t2e C2rter

S62oo4 7i4ed in t2is Co/rt p4edin5 st04ed s n App4i6tion 7or Leve to Fi4e Petition in

t2e Nt/re o7 Co(p4int 7or De64rtor0 -/d5(ent nd InG/n6tive Re4ie7 P/rs/nt to

P.R.A.P. !!$? 9t2e =App4i6tion>:. T2e App4i6tion, 32i62 n(ed t2e S62oo4 Distri6t

nd t2e SRC s respondents, 3s dire6ted to t2is Co/rts ori5in4 G/risdi6tion p/rs/nt

to Se6tion #? o7 A6t %1, 32i62 sttes

T2e Penns04vni S/pre(e Co/rt s244 2ve e;64/sive G/risdi6tion to 2er

n0 6244en5e to or to render de64rtor0 G/d5(ent 6on6ernin5 t2e

6onstit/tion4it0 o7 se6tions 1*"96: nd 1*1 o7 t2e 6t . . .. T2e S/pre(e

Co/rt is /t2oried to t@e s/62 6tion s it dee(s pproprite, 6onsistent

3it2 t2e S/pre(e Co/rt retinin5 G/risdi6tion over s/62 (tter, to 7ind

76ts or to e;pedite 7in4 G/d5(ent in 6onne6tion 3it2 s/62 6244en5e or

re/est 7or de64rtor0 re4ie7.

A6t %1,


7/18

-+"+#$"1B + ?

In t2e Co(p4int, t2e C2rter S62oo4 6244en5ed t2e 6onstit/tion4it0 o7 Se6tion

1*19i:9!:, r5/in5 t2t it =5ives t2e SRC /n4i(ited dis6retion nd po3er to s/spend

provisions o7 t2e S62oo4 Code 3it2o/t est)4is2in5 stndrds or restrints on t2e /se o7

t2t po3er.> Co(p4int t #8. T2e C2rter S62oo4 sserted t2t t2is po3er is in

vio4tion o7 t2e non+de4e5tion pre6ept o7 Arti64e II, Se6tion " o7 t2e stte Constit/tion.

T2e s62oo4 (intined t2t, 32i4e t2e Le5is4t/re (0 de4e5te /t2orit0 to e;e6/te or

d(inister 43s, it (/st est)4is2 stndrds nd 4i(it s/62 de4e5tion so t2t t2e

d(inistrtive 5en60 ts@ed 3it2 e;e6/tin5 t2e 43s 6ond/6ts itse47 in 6o(p4in6e 3it2

4e5is4tive p/rposes. See id.t #1 96itin5, inter alia, Pennsylvanians Against Gambling

Expansion Fund v. Commonwealth, 8! P. #?8, !!", ?? A.#d !!, %"? 9#$$8:

9=PA&E>:, nd Bla!well v. State Ethis Comm"n, 8#! P. !%?, !8*, 81? A.#d 1!$, 1!1

9"**::. T2/s, t2e C2rter S62oo4 e;pressed t2t de4e5tion o7 4e5is4tive /t2orit0 is

6onstit/tion4 on40 i7 t2e &ener4 Asse()40 sets 7ort2 t2e po4i6ies 5/idin5 t2e de4e5tion

nd s/rro/nds it 3it2 de7inite stndrds nd 4i(ittions. See id.t #? 9/otin5 Bell #el.

v. $risoll, !%! P. "$*, ""1, #" A.#d *"#, *"8+"1 9"*%"::. A66ordin5 to t2e C2rter

S62oo4, Se6tion 1*19i:9!: o7 t2e Distress L3 46@s t2e 4i(ittions nd stndrds

ne6essr0 to render it 6onstit/tion440+per(issi)4e de4e5tion o7 4e5is4tive /t2orit0.

See id.8

T2e C2rter S62oo4 s@ed t2is Co/rt to iss/e de64rtor0 G/d5(ent spe6i70in5

t2t Se6tion 1*19i:9!: o7 t2e Distress L3, #% P.S.


8/18

-+"+#$"1B +

T2e SRC nd S62oo4 Distri6t 96o44e6tive40, =Respondents>: 7i4ed n ns3er

pri(ri40 ssertin5 t2t so(e o7 t2e C2rter S62oo4s 64i(s 3ere not o7 6onstit/tion4

di(ension nd, s s/62, t2e0 3ere o/tside t2e s6ope o7 t2is Co/rts o)4i5tion to

e;er6ise G/risdi6tion /nder Se6tion #? o7 A6t %1. Respondents did 6@no34ed5e,

2o3ever, t2t t2is Co/rt 2d G/risdi6tion over t2e non+de4e5tion 64i(. SeeResponse

to App4i6tion 7or Leve to Fi4e Petition t ##+#!.1

'pon revie3, 3e 5rnted t2e App4i6tion nd iss/ed pre4i(inr0 inG/n6tion

4i(ited to dire6tive t2t t2e prties preserve t2e stt/s /o s it e;isted 32en t2e

App4i6tion 3s 7i4ed. We 4so reserved G/d5(ent s to de64rtor0 nd per(nent

inG/n6tive re4ie7 nd dire6ted t2e prties to )rie7, inter alia, t2e non+de4e5tion iss/e.

T2e C2rter S62oo4 4r5e40 rene3s t2e 6ontentions it dvn6ed in its Co(p4int.

It s/55ests t2t Se6tion 1*19i:9!: 5rnts /n7ettered po3er to t2e SRC to s/spend

virt/440 n0 s/)set o7 t2e S62oo4 Codes (n0 provisions 3it2o/t n0 stndrds to

5/ide or restrin t2e /se o7 t2t po3er. It 64i(s t2t t2e SRC 2s no3 /sed s/62

po3er to s/spend 43s t2t 5rnted spe6i7i6 ri52ts to 62rter s62oo4s, nd it 2s

s/)stit/ted its o3n =C2rter S62oo4 Po4i60> in p46e o7 t2e s/spended provisions. P/t

si(p40, t2e C2rter S62oo4 r5/es t2t, 3it2 respe6t to 62rter s62oo4s, t2e SRC 2s

6reted its o3n 43, 32i62 is 6ontrr0 to Arti64e II, Se6tion ".

T2e Penns04vni Co4ition o7 P/)4i6 C2rter S62oo4s nd P2i4de4p2is

Mt2e(ti6s, S6ien6e nd Te62no4o50 Co((/nit0 C2rter S62oo4 9=MST>: 2ve

s/)(itted Goint amius)rie7 s/pportin5 t2e C2rter S62oo4s re/est 7or re4ie7. Amii

s/55est t2t Respondents 6tions 2ve Geoprdied t2e interests nd opertions o7

1 T2e Attorne0 &ener4 3s served 3it2 6op0 o7 t2e Co(p4int s it dvn6ed

6onstit/tion4 6244en5e to stt/te. SeeP.R.A.P. 8#". S2e indi6ted, 2o3ever, t2t

t2e Deprt(ent o7 Ed/6tion 3o/4d respond in 2er sted. T2e Deprt(ent /4ti(te40

62ose to 7i4e n amius)rie7 in 4ie/ o7 responsive p4edin5.


9/18

-+"+#$"1B + *

P2i4de4p2is 62rter s62oo4 6o((/nities, 32i62 in64/de prents nd st/dents. Amii

4so ssert t2t s/62 6tions re 6ontrr0 to t2e interests o7 t2e 4r5er 6o((/nit0,

in64/din5 t2e s62o4sti6 interests o7 t2e 8,!$$ st/dents on MSTs 3itin5 4ist.

Respondents o)serve, 7irst, t2t 4e5is4tive /t2orit0 is t2e po3er to (@e, 4ter,

nd repe4 43s. Seerie7 7or Respondents t #!+#% 9/otin5 %ubelirer v. &endell, 8*

P. "1, %", *8! A.#d 8"%, 8#* 9#$$::. T2e0 stte t2t s/spensions do not e/te to

t2e (@in5, (end(ent, or repe4 o7 n0 43, nd 2en6e, t2e non+de4e5tion do6trine

does not pp40 to t2e SRCs s/spension po3ers /nder Se6tion 1*19i:9!:. Respondents

6ontend t2t t2e 5overnin5 6onstit/tion4 provision in t2is 6se is Arti64e I, Se6tion "#,

32i62, )0 its ter(s, per(its t2e Le5is4t/re to de4e5te t2e po3er to s/spend 43s. See

PA.CONST. rt. I,


10/18

-+"+#$"1B + "$

6ir6/(stn6es, 7or t2e SRC to retin po3ers ne6essr0 to reverse t2e previ4in5

6onditions o7 7inn6i4 2rds2ip nd poor 6de(i6 per7or(n6e. Amii reson t2t

s/62 6onditions, s de7ined )0 Se6tion 1*" o7 t2e S62oo4 Code, nd s 7/rt2er 64ri7ied

)0 t2e Se6retr0s de64rtion o7 distress, provide de/te 5/idn6e to t2e SRC,

t2ere)0 renderin5 its Se6tion 1*19i:9!: s/spension po3ers 6onstit/tion4.

Arti64e II, Se6tion " o7 t2e Penns04vni Constit/tion sttes t2t =tB2e 4e5is4tive

po3er o7 t2is Co((on3e4t2 s244 )e vested in &ener4 Asse()40, 32i62 s244

6onsist o7 Sente nd Ho/se o7 Representtives.> PA.CONST. rt. II,


11/18

-+"+#$"1B + ""

COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF EN&LAND"1 9"?8!: 9re(r@in5 t2t (e()er o7 t2e

Ho/se o7 Co((ons 6o/4d not de4e5te 2is vote to pro;0 =s 2e 2i(se47 is )/t pro;0

7or (/4tit/de o7 ot2er peop4e>:. See generallyARON DE MONTES'IE', THE SPIRIT OF

THE LAWS I1 9"?%: 9s/55estin5 t2t po4iti64 4i)ert0 re/ires seprtion o7

4e5is4tive, e;e6/tive, nd G/di6i4 po3ers:, uoted in THE FEDERALIST NO. %? 9-(es

Mdison:.

T2is Co/rt 2s 6onsidered (/4tip4e 6te5ories o7 non+de4e5tion 6244en5es.

One s/62 6te5or0 invo4ves stt/tes in 32i62 t2e &ener4 Asse()40 en6ts 43 )/t

4eves its e77e6tiveness to )e deter(ined )0 not2er person or entit0 vi t2e

s6ertin(ent o7 so(e (teri4 76t or stte o7 77irs. For e;(p4e, in ,o!e"s Appeal,

?# P. 9## S(it2: %*" 9"?!:, t2e Co/rt pproved 4o64+option 43 )0 32i62 t2e

e4e6tors o7 (/ni6ip4it0 6o/4d vote to eit2er 44o3 or pro2i)it t2e s4e o7 46o2o4 3it2in

t2e distri6t. See id.t %*%+*8. T2e Co/rt e;p4ined t2t t2e Le5is4t/re pssed t2e 43,

32i62 in64/ded s/62 provisions s pen4ties 7or vio4tin5 n0 )n on t2e s4e o7 46o2o4,

)/t 4e7t its e77e6tiveness to )e deter(ined )0 s6ertin(ent o7 76t, n(e40, t2e

(Gorit0 vote o7 t2e distri6ts e4e6tors. See id.t %* aord $risoll, !%! P. t ""%, #"

A.#d t *"%+"8 9=W2ere t2e 4e5is4t/re . . . de4e5tes to n d(inistrtive )od0 t2e

po3er to deter(ine so(e 76t or stte o7 t2in5s /pon 32i62 it (@es or intends to (@e

its o3n 6tion depend, it is t2e 4e5is4t/re 32i62 2s 4e5is4ted nd not t2e

d(inistrtive )od0.>:. T2/s, ,o!e"s Appeal/p2e4d t2e 6244en5ed stt/te. See also

/oung v. Fetterol(, !#$ P. #*, "# A. 1?1 9"*!1: 9pprovin5 stt/te 5ivin5

(/ni6ip4ities t2e option to s/spend 43 pro2i)itin5 6ertin sportin5 events:.

Anot2er 6te5or0 o7 6ses in 32i62 de4e5tion 2s )een 6244en5ed invo4ves t2e

4e5is4tive est)4is2(ent o7 pri(r0 o)Ge6tives or stndrds nd t2e entr/st(ent to

not2er entit0 to =7i44 /p t2e deti4s /nder t2e 5ener4 4e5is4tiveB provisions.B> $risoll,


12/18

-+"+#$"1B + "#

!%! P. t ""%, #" A.#d t *"8 9intern4 /ottion (r@s nd 6ittion o(itted: (.

Panama &e(ining Co. v. &yan, #*! '.S. !, %#1, 88 S. Ct. #%", #8" 9"*!8: 9=Con5ress

(0 . . . est)4is2 pri(r0 stndrds, devo4vin5 /pon ot2ers t2e d/t0 to 6rr0 o/t t2e

de64red 4e5is4tive po4i60.B>: %.). 0ampton- %r.- 1 Co. v. 2nited States, #?1 '.S. !*%,

%$*, % S. Ct. !%, !8# 9"*#: 9T7t, C.-.: 9re/irin5 n =inte44i5i)4e prin6ip4e> to 32i62

t2e non+4e5is4tive )od0 (/st 6on7or(:, uoted in 0olgate Bros. Co. v. Bashore, !!"

P. #88, #1#, #$$ A. 1?#, 1?8 9"*!:. So 4on5 s de/te40+de7ined stndrds nd

(et2odo4o5ies re provided )0 t2e Le5is4t/re, t2e d(inistrtive 6tion invo4ved (0

)e s nrro3 s t2e 5rnt or deni4 o7 4i6ense, see- e.g., Casino Free Phila. v. Pa.

Gaming Control Bd., 8*% P. #$#, *!% A.#d "#%* 9#$$?:, or s )rod s t2e settin5 nd

dG/st(ent o7 (ini(/( nd (;i(/( 32o4es4e nd reti4 pri6es o7 6o((odit0 to

ens/re 7irness to prod/6ers nd 6ons/(ers nd to re5/4te t2e s/pp40 o7 t2t

6o((odit0. See- e.g., &ohrer v. *il! Control Bd., !## P. #8?, "1 A. !!1 9"*!1:

9doptin5 t2e S/perior Co/rt dissent s t2is Co/rts opinion:.

T2e en6t(ent /nder revie3 6ontins spe6ts o7 )ot2 o7 t2ese 64ssi7i6tions. It

ssi5ns to n e;e6/tive )rn62 o77i6i4 t2e d/t0 to s6ertin 76ts pre4i(inr0 to

deter(intion t2t s62oo4 distri6t o7 t2e 7irst 64ss is in distress. See #% P.S.


13/18

-+"+#$"1B + "!

)rod t2e Le5is4t/re 5ve t2e SRC 32t (o/nts to arte blanhe po3ers to

s/spend virt/440 n0 6o()intion o7 provisions o7 t2e S62oo4 Code stt/te 6overin5

)rod rn5e o7 topi6s. See #% P.S. t2e S62oo4 Code nd its sso6ited deprt(ent4

re5/4tions:. T2is Co/rts de6isions ddressin5 t2e non+de4e5tion r/4e 2ve never

dee(ed s/62 n /n6onstrined 5rnt o7 /t2orit0 to )e 6onstit/tion440 v4id. To t2e

e;tent Respondents 6o/62 t2e 4e5is4tive intention to re(edite t2e S62oo4 Distri6ts

7inn6i4 distress s stndrd, (oreover, 3e 7ind t2is to )e (ore pt40 des6ri)ed s

t2e 4e5is4tive ob3etive. Indeed, neit2er Se6tion 1*19i:9!: nor t2e Distress L3

5ener440 i(poses n0 dis6ern)4e stndrds or restrints in re4tion to t2e se4e6tion o7

S62oo4 Code provisions 7or s/spension. T2ose 2i52+4eve4 deter(intions re 4e7t

entire40 to t2e SRCs dis6retion, nd it is not pprent t2t n0 (e62nis( e;ists to

eit2er 62nne4 or test t2e SRCs e;er6ise o7 s/62 dis6retion.

T2e SRCs 6tions in t2e present 6se de(onstrte t2e point t2e SRC

s/spended n/()er o7 si5ni7i6nt spe6ts o7 t2e C2rter S62oo4 L3 nd, in e77e6t,

re3rote so(e o7 t2t 43 in t2e 7or( o7 its C2rter S62oo4s Po4i60. One spe6t o7 t2e

C2rter S62oo4 L3 t2t t2e SRC s/spended sets 7ort2 t2e )ses 7or nonrene34 or

ter(intion o7 62rter nd 44o3s 62rter s62oo4 32i62 s/77ers n dverse de6ision

to o)tin 2erin5 nd d(inistrtive revie3 )e7ore t2e Stte C2rter S62oo4 Appe4

ord. SeeSRC+#$"!+" t %+8 #% P.S. :.


14/18

-+"+#$"1B + "%

"#. See generally #% P.S.


15/18

-+"+#$"1B + "8

=n/(ero/s pro6ed/r4 5/ide4ines 7or prote6tion 5inst d(inistrtive r)itrriness.B>

#osto, %1$ P. t "#+"!, !!" A.#d t #$!. T2ese re/ire(ents in64/ded 4e5is4tive

(ndte t2t t2e 5en60 est)4is2 ne/tr4 6riteri 7or /se in deter(inin5 priorit0 (on5

pp4i6nts nd deve4op stndrdied 7or(s 7or 4on pp4i6tions. See id. T2e Co/rt

6on64/ded t2t t2e /se o7 s/62 =6riteri nd 7or(s is n i(portnt s7e5/rd 5inst t2e

r)itrriness o7 d 2o6 de6ision (@in5.> Id.t "!, !!" A.#d t #$%.

Sever4 (ont2s 4ter, t2e Co/rt nno/n6ed its de6ision in )illiam Penn. T2t

disp/te invo4ved t; en)4in5 stt/te 32i62, (on5 ot2er t2in5s, per(itted 6o/rts to

ssess 32et2er 6ertin 4o64 t;es 3ere =e;6essive nd /nreson)4e,> nd t2/s,

inv4id. T2e p4/r4it0 o)served t2t t2e en)4in5 43 77orded s/)stnti4 prote6tions

5inst /n6ontro44ed dis6retionr0 po3er. It noted, in t2is respe6t, t2t t2e ev4/tion o7

t; e;6essiveness or reson)4eness 3s ssi5ned to t2e G/di6i4 )rn62 32i62 (/st

e;p4in t2e 5ro/nds 7or its de6ision in resoned opinion s/)Ge6t to ppe44te revie3, so

s =to ins/re t2e 5ener4 6onsisten60 o7 t2e 6o/rtsB 6tions . . . nd to 6on7ine t2e(

3it2in t2eir proper sp2ere.> )illiam Penn, %1% P. t #"!, !%1 A.#d t #*"+*#. T2/s,

t2e de4e5tion 3s 2e4d to )e pproprite.

On t2e ot2er 2nd, in PAGE t2e Co/rt 76ed non+de4e5tion 6244en5e to

Se6tion "8$1 o7 t2e Penns04vni R6e Horse Deve4op(ent nd &(in5 A6t 9t2e

=&(in5 A6t>:, 32i62 indi6ted t2t t2e sitin5 o7 s4ot+(62ine 76i4it0 6o/4d not )e

pro2i)ited )0 onin5 43s, )/t t2t t2e &(in5 Contro4 ord 6o/4d, in its dis6retion,

=6onsider s/62 4o64 onin5 ordinn6es 32en 6onsiderin5 n pp4i6tion 7or s4ot

(62ine 4i6ense.> PAGE-8! P. t !#*, ?? A.#d t %"1 9/otin5 % P.C.S.


16/18

-+"+#$"1B + "1

po4i60 62oi6es> e()odied in 43, it (/st 4so s/pp40 =de/te stndrds 32i62 3i44

guide and restrain t2e e;er6ise o7 t2e de4e5ted d(inistrtive 7/n6tions.> Id.t !!!,

?? A.#d t %" 9e(p2sis dded: 9intern4 /ottion (r@s nd 6ittion o(itted:. Wit2

t2is 4it(/s, PAGE6on64/ded t2t Se6tion "8$1 o7 t2e &(in5 A6t stood in 6ontrst to

t2e provisions /p2e4d in prior 6ses )e6/se it did not s/pp40 t2e &(in5 Contro4 ord

3it2 =de7inite stndrds, po4i6ies nd 4i(ittions to 5/ide its de6ision+(@in5 3it2 re5rd

to onin5 iss/es.> Id.t !!%, ?? A.#d t %" (. State Bd. o( Chiroprati Exam"rs v.

,i(e Fellowship o( Pa., %%" P. #*!, #*, #?# A.#d %?, %" 9"*?": 9inv4idtin5 43

32i62 e77e6tive40 de4e5ted to t2e Penns04vni C2iropr6ti6 So6iet0 t2e ts@ o7

deter(inin5 t2e re/ire(ents, /4it0, nd nt/re o7 62iropr6ti6 6ontin/in5 ed/6tion:.

A4t2o/52 t2e present 6se (0 not )e on 44 7o/rs 3it2 PAGE sin6e t2e

4e5is4tive 5o4 2ere is evident, 32eres t2e &(in5 A6t 5ve no indi6tion re5rdin5

32t, i7 n0, i(portn6e t2e &(in5 Contro4 ord s2o/4d 5ive to 4o64 onin5 43s it

is (ore 4i@e PAGE t2n #osto or )illiam Penn. As e;p4ined, t2ere re 7e3, i7 n0,

6on6rete (es/res e()odied in t2e Distress L3 to e77e6tive40 62nne4 t2e SRCs

dis6retion s in #osto, nd t2ere is no re/ire(ent t2t t2e SRC 2o4d 2erin5s or

e;p4in t2e 5ro/nds 7or its s/spension de6isions in resoned opinion s/)Ge6t to G/di6i4

revie3 s 62e6@ 5inst r)itrriness or ad hode6ision (@in5, s in )illiam Penn.

T2e SRCs 3reness o7 t2e o)Ge6tive o7 its (ission does not e/te to de7inite

stndrds, en7or6e)4e 5/ide4ines, or re4isti6 62e6@ 5inst r)itrr0 de6ision (@in5.

See Panama &e(ining, #*! '.S. t %!"+!#, 88 S. Ct. t #8! 9e;p4inin5 t2t, /n4ess

stt/te re/ires t2e person 3it2 de4e5ted po3ers to (@e prti6/4ried 7indin5s t2t

6ertin prere/isites re (et, n0 stndrds or 5/ide4ines derived so4e40 7ro( stted

4e5is4tive po4i60 o)Ge6tives re =inopertive> to e;ert n0 6ontro4 over t2t person:.


17/18

-+"+#$"1B + "?

Addition440, t2e Distress L3 does not (ere40 e(po3er t2e SRC to 5rnt or

den0 62rters. It per(its t2e SRC to 5overn (n0 s/)stntive spe6ts o7 t2e de4iver0 o7

p/)4i6 ed/6tion in P2i4de4p2i in64/din5 t2e opertion o7 62rter s62oo4s t2ro/52

t2e s/spension o7 virt/440 n0 6o()intion o7 S62oo4 Code provisions nd sso6ited

re5/4tions. In t2is re5rd, Petitioner r5/es, pers/sive40 in o/r vie3, t2t

T2e po3er to s/spend t2e re/ire(ents o7 t2e P/)4i6 S62oo4 Code is n

e;tre(e40 )rod po3er nd is espe6i440 )rod in t2e 6onte;t o7 t2is 6se.

T2e P/)4i6 S62oo4 Code is si5ni7i6nt )od0 o7 43 t2t is s/)divided into

(ore t2n 1$ rti64es nd 2/ndreds o7 stt/tes, 3it2 7r+re62in5 e77e6ts

on t2e 6retion, opertion, 7inn6es, nd 4e54 ri52ts o7 st/dents, te62ers,

nd t;p0ers. T2e Code 6on6erns 3ide40 diver5ent topi6s s/62 s p/)4i6

)iddin5 re/ire(ents, s62oo4 6onstr/6tion, rei()/rse(ents )et3een t2e

Co((on3e4t2 nd s62oo4 distri6ts, ndB r/4es 7or t2e /ditin5 o7 s62oo4

7inn6es . . .. P/rs/nt to t2e stt/tes t2t (@e /p t2e vrio/s prts o7

t2e Code, t2e Stte ord o7 Ed/6tion 2s pro(/45ted vst set o7

re5/4tions e()odied in Tit4e ## o7 t2e Penns04vni Code, 32i62 itse47

o/t4ines n e;tre(e40 6o(p4e; re5/4tor0 s62e(e 5overnin5 t2e (nner

in 32i62 p/)4i6 ed/6tion is de4ivered in Penns04vni. . . .

TB2e SRC 6o/4d potenti440 s/spend ever0 sin54e re/ire(ent 6ontined

in t2e C2rter S62oo4 L3. It 6o/4d, 7or e;(p4e, s/spend t2e provisions

5overnin5 t2e 7/ndin5 7or(/4 7or 62rter s62oo4s 6ontined in Se6tion "?+"?#8+A nd do 30 3it2 t2e S62oo4 Distri6ts o)4i5tion to p0 62rter

s62oo4s t 44.

rie7 7or Petitioner t !1+! 97ootnotes nd 6ittions o(itted:.

T2e Distress L3 5ives t2e SRC t2ese )rod po3ers p/rs/nt to 5ener4ied

4e5is4tive o)Ge6tive o7 (iti5tin5 t2e S62oo4 Distri6ts dverse 7inn6i4 6ir6/(stn6es.

For t2e resons 5iven )ove, 3e do not vie3 s/62 o)Ge6tive s s/pp40in5 eit2er

6onstit/tion440 de/te 5/idin5 stndrd or n e77e6tive 62nne4in5 (e62nis(

re4tive to t2e SRCs dis6retionr0 s/spension po3ers.

Fin440, 3e 7ind /nvi4in5 Respondents s/55estion t2t t2e non+de4e5tion r/4e

does not present40 pp40 )e6/se on40 stt/tor0 s/spensions re invo4ved, nd s/62


18/18

-+"+#$"1B + "

s/spensions re /t2oried )0 Arti64e I, Se6tion "#. T2t provisions i(p4i6tion t2t

s/spensions (0 on40 o66/r per 4e5is4tive /t2orition does not 4ter t2e restri6tions

on de4e5tin5 4e5is4tive de6ision (@in5 s e()odied in Arti64e II, Se6tion ".

In s/((r0, 3e 2o4d t2t Se6tion 1*19i:9!: o7 t2e S62oo4 Code, #% P.S.

west philadelphia achievement charter v src sdp

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