96 / Handbook of Latín American Studies v. 51

forest resources and derivative economic activities.745 Vila-Vilar, Enriqueta. Cimarronaje en

Panamá y Cartagena: el costo de unaguerrilla en el siglo XVII. jin International Congress of Americanists, 4Sth, Bogotá,198$. Identidad y transformación de las Américas: memorias. Edición de Manuel Rodríguez Becerra. Bogotá: Ediciones Unian- des, 1988, p. It8-i25)

Interesting sketch of early ryth- century expeditions against Maroons fi­nanced by Spanish Crown and local colonial elites.746 Villa Rojas, Alfonso. Estudios et­

nológicos: los mayas. México: Insti­tuto de Investigaciones Antropológicas,Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México, 1985. 636 p., 104 p. of plates: bibl., ill. (Serie antropológica; 38: Etnología)

From one of Mexico's premier ethno­logists, 21 republished essays dating from between the 1930S-80S and dealing with Yucatec Mayas, Lacandones, Chontals,Chois, Kekchis, Tzeltals, and Zoques.747 Von Chong S., Nilka and Myma Ortiz.

Estudio etnográfico sobre el grupoteribe. Panamá: s.n., 198a. 268 p.: bibl., ill., maps.

Naive, old-fashioned study of indige­nous group numbering about 1,000 in West­ern Panama, based on questioimaire ad­ministered during brief fieldwork in 1981. Quantitative data on many topics useful for local specialists. Publication date given is dubious.

748 Wall, Alaka. Kilowatts and crisis: hy­droelectric power and social disloca­

tion in eastern Panama. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989. 205 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Development, conflict, and social change series)

Important case study detailing the devastating effects of project damming the Bayano River on local populations (e.g..Cuna, Embera, Choco, mestizo colonists) de­spite resettlement and social welfare programs.749 Wasserstrom, Robert. Rural labor and

income distribution in central Chiapas.{in State, capital, and rural society: anthropo­logical perspectives on political economy in Mexico and the Andes. Edited by Benjamin S. Orlove, Michael W. Foley, and Thomas F. Love. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989, p. 101-117, tables)

Succinct yet compelling demonstra­tion of economic stratification and depen­dency upon wage-earning in a highland Maya municipio.Wilken, Gene C. Good farmers: traditional agricultural resource management in Mexico and Central America. See item 2951.750 Zambrano, Vladimir. La cuestión ét-

nico-nacional y la búsqueda de la so­beranía en Centroamérica. {Bol AntiopoL Am., 12, die. 1985, p. 103-113, ill., tables)

Abstract and programmatic discussion of role of indigenous groups in anti-imperi­alist struggle.

West Indies ■

LAMBROS COMITAS, Gardnei Cowles Professor of Anthropology and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University; and Director, Research Institute for the Study of Man

DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS OR SO, there has been a perceptible shift in thematic and territorial emphasis in publications on the social and cultural anthro­pology of the Caribbean. Long-enduring research interests, such as rural economy, community oraganization, and social stratification in Creole societies are outnum­bered by studies of Amerindians in the Guianese interior. Maroons in Suriname, and the Garifuna in Central America. Annotated below are 30 such publications.

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 97

an imusually large number for the reporting period. And, although research on the Caribbean diaspora to the métropoles of North America and Europe is not usually noted here, the rapidly increasing importance of this distinctive genre of Caribbean studies provided sufficient justification for including another 15 which are migra­tion-related articles, almost all drawn from two readers; New immigrants in New York (edited by Nancy Foner) and Caribbean life in New York City (edited by Con­stance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney). Also included are about a dozen annotations of publications dealing with Caribbean problems or issues in regional or sub-regional perspective.

Publications in this Handbook period deal with one or more of the following 18 Caribbean coimtries or dependencies as well as the US: Aruba, the Bahamas, Be­lize, Bequia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Suriname, and Trinidad. The most studied areas, as measured by number of pub­lications, were, in order of importance. The Guianas (primarily Carib Indian re­search); New York City (migrant studies); Jamaica (Rastafarianism, other religions, and popular culture); General Caribbean (family and women studies); Haiti (pri­marily religion and heal^-related research); and Belize (predominantly Garifuna study).

I am indebted to Maria Guadeloupe Carmona for helping to prepare aimota- tions of publications in Spanish.

753 Alleyne, Mervyn C. Roots of Jamaican culture. London: Pluto Press, rgSS.

186 p.: bibl., index, maps.Examination of the ways in which Af­

rican culture changed in Jamaica with spe­cific reference to language, religion, and music, fields that "have always been central to Jamaican social and cultural concerns and . . . closely integrated both in Africa and in African Jamaica."

754 Austin-Broos, Diane J. Pentecostals and Rastafarians: cultural, political

and gender relations of two religious move­ments. (Soc. Econ. Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. r-39, bibl.)

Although opposed in important ways, Pentecostalism and Rastafarianism in Ja­maica are part of the same cultural and theo­logical universe. Pentecostalism, despite its association with North America, has become for its practitioners an indigenous phenome­non while at the same time its "significance for Jamaican geo-politics and culture extends far beyond the local community, and pro­motes an ideological style which challenges Rastafarianism as a dominant form of Folk belief." Within this context, aspects of the political nature of Jamaican and Caribbean culture are explored.

751 Adams, Kathleen J. The premise ofequality in Carib societies.

¡Antropológica, 59/62, i983/r984,p. 299-307)

Discussion of Barama River Carib so­cial organization based on a case dealing with leadership. "Principles of equality among men and women are reviewed as mechanisms for population and generational continuity."752 Afro-Catibbean villages in historical

perspective. Edited by Charles V. Car­negie. Kingston: African-Caribbean Institute of Jamaica, 1987. t33 p.: ill. (ACIJ Research Review; 2)

Issue devoted to the historical devel­opment of specific Caribbean communities. Includes republication of Sidney W. Mintz "The Historical Sociology of Jamaican Vil­lages," Karen Fog Olwig "Village, Culture and Identity on St. John, V.I.;" Trevor W. Pur­cell "Modern Maroons: Economy and Cul­tural Survival in a 'Jamaican' Peasant Village in Costa Rica;" O. Nigel Holland "African Continuities and Creole Culture in Belize Town in the Nineteenth Century,-" Charles V. Carnegie "Is Family Land an Institution?;" and Jean Besson "Family Land as a Model for Martha Brae's New History: Culture Building in an Afro-Caribbean Village."

98 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51

755 Baker, Patrick L. Ethnogenesis: the case of the Dominica Caribs. [Am.

Indig., 48:2, abril/junio 1988, p. 377-401, bibl.)

Rejects traditional theories about the Caribs of Dominica and argues that Caribs are the "creation" of Europeans—in the iden­tity that they "foisted" on them and in the Carib "adaptive response to a changing situa­tion tvhich affected their self-identity."756 Banck, Geert A. Anthropological re­

search on the Caribbean and LatinAmerica. {Bol. Estud. Latinoam., 44, junio 1988, p. 29-37/ bibl.)

Short, concise review of Dutch anthro­pological interests in the Caribbean and Latin America introduced by a discussion of intellectual trends and institutional coimec- tions of Dutch anthropology. Particular refer­ence is made to research in Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.757 Barrett, Leonard E., Sr. The Rasta­

farians: sounds of cultural dissonance.Rev. and updated ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. 302 p.: bibl., index. (Beacon paperback;795)

Short, new introduction and some post-1975 updating is provided for this sec­ond edition of one of the early treatments of the Rastafarian movement.758 Bartow, Christine. Anthropology, the

family and women in the Caribbean.(in Gender in Caribbean development: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project. Edited by Pa­tricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of-the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project, 1988, p. 156-169, bibl.)

Polemical review of selected studies of the West Indian family with special attention paid to their treatment of the role of women.759 Basch, Linda G. The politics of Carib-

beanization: Vincentians and Grena­dians in New York, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 160-181, bibl.)

Analysis of migrants in three interac­tional spheres—the home society, the West

Indian community in New York, and in rela­tion to black Americans—reveals the differ­ing possibilities for and constraints on their political behavior in New York.760 Basch, Linda G. The Vincentians and

Grenadians: the role of voluntary asso­ciations in immigrant adaptation to New York Gity. [in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, r98y, p. i59-i93/ bibl.)

Vincentian and Grenadian associations in New York City not only facilitate migrant adaptation to the receiving society but also "link immigrant to the host society and home society simultaneously" thereby con­tributing to the emergence of a "transna­tional" world view.761 Besson, Jean. Agrarian relations and

perceptions of land in a Jamaican peas­ant village, [in Small farming and peasant re­sources in the Caribbean. Edited by John S. Brierly and Hymie Rubenstein. Winnipeg, Canada: Univ. of Manitoba, Dept, of Geogra­phy, 1988, p. 39-61, bibl.)

Case study which demonstrates that peasants paradoxically view land as both a limited and unlimited resource. Cultural val­ues which impinge on peasant land use need to be understood within the wider frame­work of Caribbean agrarian relations. The in­stitution of family land, viewed as a dynamic cultural creation of peasantries, is explored as an adaptive system of land use.762 Bilby, Kenneth M. "Two sister pikni:"

a historical tradition of dual ethno­genesis in eastern Jamaica. [Caiibb. Q., 30:3/4, Sept./Dec. 1984/ P- lo-^'S)

Delineation of a mythological tradi­tion ("a shared mental diagram: a collective representation, neatly encapsulated in a ge­nealogical metaphor . . . ") of two African sisters who oppose each other over the issue of slavery. From a metaphorical perspective, this tradition is a symbolic representation of the relations over time between Maroons and other Afro-Jamaicans.763 Bolles, A. Lynn. Theories of women in

development in the Caribbean: theongoing debate, [in Gender in Caribbean de­velopment: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project.

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 99

Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project, r988, p. 2t-34, bibl.)

Theoretical approaches of Ester Boserup, Lourdes Beneria, Helen I. Safa and Gita Sen as they relate to women and eco­nomic development. Short concluding sec­tion covers theory and meaning for Carib­bean women.764 Brodber, Etna. Black consciousness

and popular music in Jamaica in thergéos and 1970s. (Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 6r : 3/4, r987, p. t43-r6o, bibl.)

Examination of the connection be­tween popular music and the awakening of consciousness among the middle class or, more specifically, a discussion of how the "mulatto orientation" was penetrated by the "Afro-orientation" through the medium of Afro-centric reggae song.765 Brown, Karen McCarthy. Systematic

remembering, systematic forgetting.[in Africa's Ogun: old world and new. Edited by Sandra T. Barnes. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, t989, p. 65-89, bibl.)

With origins in Dahomean and Yoruban religion, Ogun, a central figure in Haitian religion, evolved differently from the West African form. Author demonstrates how elements of a religion "retained as a leg­acy from the past are subject to systematic and continuous redefinition and restructur­ing, and that out of this process new cultural forms emerge." The Haitian Ogun results from complex interactions between memory and the material conditions of Haitian life.

Castellanos, Jorge and Isabel Castellanos. Cultura afrocubana, v. r, El negro en Cuba, r492-r844. See item 4673.Castellanos, Jorge and Isabel Castellanos. Geographic, ethnologic, and linguistic roots of Cuban blacks. See item 4674.Castillo; José del and Martin F. Murphy. Mi­gration, national identity and cultural policy in the Dominican Republic. See item 4676.Charbit, Yves. Famille et nuptialité dans la Caraïbe. See item 4677.766 Cherubini, Bernard. Cayetme: ville

créole et polyethnique; essai d'an­

thropologie urbaine. Présentation d'André Calmont. Talence: CENADDOM; Paris: Karthala, r988. 26r p., 8 p. of plates: bibl., ill., maps, tables. (Hommes et sociétés)

Well organized two-part study based on solid research: i ) examines an old down­town neighborhood of Cayenne, capital city of French Guiana and sees ethnic diversity as generating multiple urban cultures; and 2) describes urban architecture and building styles during the golden era (r86o-r95o), emphasizing rapid urbanization after r95o.[A. Pérotin-Dumon]767 Chevannes,, Barry. Backgroimd to drug

use in Jamaica. Mona, Jamaica: Insti­tute of Social and Economic Research, Univ. of the West Indies, r988. 79 p.: bibl., ill, tables. (An ISER working paper,- 34)

Use of marihuana, alcohol, hard drugs, pharmaceuticals, folk medicines, and tobacco is described in context of relationships be­tween drug use and political attitudes.

768 Chevannes, Barry. Drop pan and folk consciousness, (fam. /., 22:2, May/

July r989, p. 45-50)Exploration of the meanings (some

Chinese and others Afro-Jamaican in origin) contained in drop pan, a numbers game widely played in Jamaica and "a little-known part of the vast informal economy" of that island.769 Cole, Johnnetta B. and Gail A. Reed.

Women in Cuba: old problems andnew ideas. ( Urban AnthiopoL, r 5 :3/4, Fall/ Winter 2986, p. 32-1-355, bihl.)

Interviews with five Cuban women about the status of women in Cuba by an an­thropologist and journalist. Uses extensive excerpts from these interviews, organized around the themes of work, relationships, and power. Authors and subjects conclude that gender equality depends on both govern­ment policy and consciousness-raising at the grassroots level.

770 Colson, Audrey Butt. A comparative survey of contributions.

[Antropológica, 59/62, r983/r984, p. 9-38) Extremely useful survey of contribu­

tions to this issue of Antropológica devoted to "Themes in Political Organization: The Caribs and their Neighbours." Discusses major topics and arguments and suggests fu-

100 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51

ture lines for Carib research. Topics include: ethnicity, language and society; the macro- levels of Carib political organization; Carib kinship as a kin-integration system; produc­tion and reproduction in Carib organization; social change and Carih organization; the female and continuity; and, a comparative view of the "political economy" of Caribs and their neighbors.Colson, Audrey Butt. Routes of knowledge: an aspect of regional integration in the cir- cum-Roraima area of the Guiana Highlands. See item 900.771 Colson, Audrey Butt. The spatial com­

ponent in the political structure of theCarib speakers of the Guiana Highlands: Kapon and Pemon. {Antiopológica, 59/62, t983/t984, p. 73-r24, maps, tables)

Discussion of the "nature of the corre­spondence between social and conceptual tmities and geographical space among the Ka­pon and Pemon ..." organized around three levels of structure and their tenitorial bases: the ethnic group (a People); the regional group (or tribe); and, the river group (family settlements, villages). Political system is de­scribed as acephalous, segmentary, and cog- natic, a system which has to be taken into account for any imderstanding of territory and the roles of secular and religious leaders.

772 Coreil, Jeannine. Irmovation among Haitian healers: the adoption of oral

rehydration therapy. [Hum. Organ., 47: r. Spring 1988, p. 48-57, bihl., tables.)

Based on survey and ethnographic data, study explores the differential indepen­dent adoption of ORT hy Haitian midwives, herbalists, shamans, and injectionists.773 Davis, Martha Ellen. La otra ciencia:

el vodú dominicano como religión ymedicina populares. Santo Domingo: Univ. Autónoma de Santo Domingo, r98y. 44t p.: bibl., ill. (Publicación; 576. Col. Estudios so­ciales; 5)

Description and analysis of voodoo in the Dominican Republic. While labelling it a type of Afro-Dominican religious cult, au­thor considers it the "eastern variant" of a folk cult found throughout the island of His­paniola differing from the "western" or Hai­tian variant in that it is not synonymous with folk religion as is the case in Haiti but

is only one of several Dominican folk reli­gious organizations or manifestations. Thor­ough descriptions provided of cult organi­zation, practices and rituals, cosmology, so­cial contexts and use of folk medicine.

774 Davis, Wade. Passage of darkness: theethnobiology of the Haitian zomhie.

Foreword hy Robert Fanis Thompson. Pref­ace by Richard Evans Schultes. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, r988. 344 p.: bibl., glossary, ill., index.

Author offers a general theory to ac­count for zombification based on ethno- biological and ethnographic field research. Interesting and illuminating study. Of par­ticular interest to ethnologists are chapters on zombification as a social process and on the Bizango secret societies.775 Dijk, Frank Jan van. The Twelve

Tribes of Israel: Rasta and the middleclass. {Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 62: r/2, 1988, p. r-26)

Author claims that the Twelve Tribes of Israel in Jamaica is the largest, best orga­nized, and most disciplined of Rastafarian groups. It has a strong middle- and upper- class following as well as a theology which differs significantly from that of other Rastafarians. Aspects of its theology, organi­zational structure, membership, and activi­ties are detailed.776 Dirks, Robert. The Black Saturnalia:

conflict and its ritual expression onBritish West Indian slave plantations. Gaines­ville: Univ. Presses of Florida, t987. 228 p.,7 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index, plates, tables. (University of Florida monographs: Social sciences; 72)

Author examines Christmas saturnalia as an aspect of the ecological systems of West Indian societies. Rather than veiled protest demonstrations, these extraordinary atmual events are viewed as "an attestation not to the power of the lie but to the power of tmth to find its way out even in the most re­pressive societies." As both context and substance to the argument, excellent descrip­tions are provided of the physical and tech­nical environment of the plantation, the position of masters and slaves within the ecosystem, slave subsistence patterns, the in­tense competition for survival, and alliances and antagonisms. Recommended reading.

Anthtopology: Ethnology: West Indies / 101

777 Dieyfus, Simone. Historical and politi­cal anthropological inter-connections:

the multilinguistic indigenous polity of the "Carib" islands and mainland coast from the i6th to the tSth century. {Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 39-55, map)

Historical account of indigenous politi­cal organization at the time of European con­quest and colonization. Author examines role of kinship and marriage, trade, and warfare in the development of "semi-hierarchical" political orders and argues that linguistic boundaries never marked political limits. Concludes with the hypothesis that the elimination of inter-group warfare trans­formed the region "into the egalitarian, at­omized, and often closed small units of today."

778 Farmer, Paul. Bad blood, spoiled milk: bodily fluids as moral barometers

in Haiti. [Am. EthnoL, r5 : i, Feb. r988, p. 62-83, bibl.)

Description and analysis of case mate­rials dealing with move san, "a somatically experienced disorder caused by emotional distress" found to be widespread among rural Haitian women especially those pregnant or nursing.779 Fonet, Nancy. The Jamaicans: race and

ethnicity among migrants in NewYork City, (in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. i9s-2t7, bibl.)

Meaning of race and ethnicity for Ja­maican migrants is explored as well as how this migration influences the nature of race and ethnic relations in New York City. Con­cludes that while a heightened sense of race provides Jamaicans with potential bonds to black Americans, ethnicity serves to separate and divide.

780 Foner, Nancy. West Indians in New York City and London: a comparative

analysis, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. ir7-t3o, bibl.)

Discussion of how and why West In­dians in the US fare better occupationally than West Indians in Great Britain.

781 Forte, Janette. Los pueblos indígenas de Guyana. [Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/

junio r988, p. 323-352, bibl.)Summary ethnographic accounts of

the nine surviving Arawak and Carib tribes and the Warrau in Guyana with emphasis on the steady acculturation pressure over time and changes induced by substantial cultural and economic change.

782 Foster, Byron. Celebrating autonomy: the development of Garifuna ritual on

St. Vincent. [Caribb. Q., 33:3/4, Sept./Dec. 1987, p. 75-83, bibl.)

Summary account of the history of the Garifuna on St. Vincent and of the Afro- Carib/Island Carib rift serves as a backdrop for an examination of the dugu ritual. Ele­ments of this hybrid form are compared to Is­land Carib mortuary rites and West African celebrations of death. Relationship of dugu to fertility is explored and author probes rea­sons for why and when the ritual flourished.

Foster, Byron. Estructura familiar garifuna: un análisis comparativo. See item 686.

783 Foster, Byron. Heart drum: spirit pos­session in the Garifuna communities

of Belize. Belize: Cubóla Productions, 1986. 50 p.: bibl., col. ill.

Analysis of dugu ritual incorporating the nature of illness and healing ritual group recruitment, and symbolic significance of the ritual itself. Interesting examination of the "sequences of possession" which contrasts an "afflicted" woman with an "afflicted" man using genealogies and informant accounts.784 Garrison, Vivian and Carol I. Weiss.

Dominican family networks andUnited States immigration policy: a case study, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Con­stance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 235-254, bibl.)

Detailed case study of one "character­istic" Dominican family in order to examine how extended families adapt to US immigra­tion policy and the implications of these ad­aptations for traditional Dominican family structure.785 Georges, Eugenia. A comment on Do­

minican ethnic associations, [in Carib-

102 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51

bean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 297- 302, bibl.]

It is argued that more recent research on Dominican voluntary organizations in New York City indicates that the Sassen- Koob thesis (item 829), based on a com­parison of Colombian and Dominican asso­ciations in the city, requires amendment and clarification.

786 Gómez Abren, Nery and Manuel Mar­tinez Casanova. Contribución al es­

tudio de la presencia de las diferentes etnías y culturas africanas en la región central de Cuba: zona de Placetas, 1817-1886. [Islas,83, sept./dic. 1986, p. 114-120, tables)

Based on data from a study of bap­tismal books from the Placetas parish of Villa Clara province covering the period from 1817 (year of the oldest book) to 1886 (year slavery was abolished), authors generate the number, year of baptism, sex, and tribal deri­vation of African slaves newly introduced to the zone along with some hmited discussion.

787 González, Nancie L. Garifuna settle­ment in New York: a new frontier, [in

Caribbean life in New York City: sociocul­tural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987,p. 150-159, bibl.)

Observations about the migratory pat­terns and adaptations of possibly 30,000 Garifuna in New York City.

788 González, Nancie L. Nueva evidencia sobre el origen de los caribes negros,

con consideraciones sobre el significado de la tradición. [Mesoaméríca/Anticua, 7:12, die. 1986, p. 331-356, map, tables)

Based on archival evidence, historical specifics of the "Carib War" of 1895-96 and the subsequent Black Carib migrations to the Miskito Coast and Belize are detailed. Au­thor rejects analyses that emphasize a preser­vation of traditions and argues that Black Caribs survived precisely because they shed traditional political and religious values. Concludes with a discussion of issues related to the function of oral transmission of his­tory and the meaning of "tradition."

789 González, Nancie L. Sojourners of the Caribbean: ethnogenesis and ethno-

history of the Garifuna. Urbana: Univ. of Illi­nois Press, 1988. 253 p., 16 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index, maps, photos, tables.

Authoritative study of the genesis and development of the Garifima in three parts: i) sketches historical situations and con­texts from which the Island Caribs, Black Caribs, and Garifuna emerged; 2) deals with cultural bases and markers of ethnicity (an­cestors, foods and their acquisition, work identity, domesticity, personality, and per­ceptions of self); and 3 ) focuses on the making of a modern ethnic group or the process and institutions by which Carib/Garifuna cul­ture has adapted and evolved to its present configuration.

790 Gregory, James R. Men, women and modernization in a Mayan commu­

nity. [Belizean Stud., 15 :3, 1987, p. 3-32, bibl.)

Description, as of 1977, of effects of modernization on the Mopan Maya Indian village of San Antonio in southern Belize. Concludes that positive effect on the social position of women, relative to that of men, was minimal; the former remained econom­ically marginal and socially subordinate. Ar­gues that this condition is unlikely to persist given the general changes that have taken place and that a "yoimg women's revolt" is quite possible.

791 Gregory, Steven. Afro-Caribbean reli­gions in New York City: the case of

santería, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 307-324, bibl.)

Examination of those aspects of the history, belief system, and social organiza­tion of santería that account for its "vi­tality" among New York Hispanics, black Americans, and even some West Indians. Much of the discussion based on research of a Cuban house of Ocha located in the Bronx.

792 Gullick, Charles. Chamanismo gari­fima. [Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/junio

1988, p. 283-321, bibl., tables)Seventeenth-century Island Caribs of

the Lesser Antilles had a curing system based

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 103

on shamanistic seances. Author describes how the Black Carib of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras retained this system and how the Caribs of St. Vincent and Dominica re­placed it with forms used by their African- descended neighbors.

Halberstein, R.A. Household structure and fertility in the Caribbean. See item 1318.

793 Hall, Douglas. In miserable slavery:Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica,

1750-86. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1989. 322 p.: maps. (Warwick University Ca­ribbean studies)

Extraordinary glimpse into slave life in 18th-century Jamaica culled from a detailed diary kept by a small landowner for some 36 years. By using fraction of a voluminous record book and by blending diary excerpts with author's commentary, book provides a vivid picture of the daily routine of both slaves and masters. Narrative "concentrates on local happenings and is unrivalled in the insights it gives us into the human relations between master and slave, the contrasts be­tween brutality and care, into methods of so­cial control, diseases and their cure, financial matters, the problem of runaways, of rela­tions with maroons and the light it throws on Tacky's Rebellion of r76o." Highly recommended.

794 Haiaksingh, Kusha. Control and resis­tance among Indian workers: a study

of labour on the sugar plantations of Trin­idad, 1875-1917. {in India in the Caribbean. Edited by David Dabydeen and Brinsley Sa- maroo. London: Hansib Publishing, 1987,P-61-77)

Description of means by which the Trinidadian plantation system controlled In­dian indentured and free workers and some of the ways control was disrupted and made difficult, the latter attested to by "the fre­quent outbreak of strikes, riots and violence at the workplace. ..."

795 Harrison, Faye V. Women in Jamaica'surban informal economy: insights from

a Kingston slum. [Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 62:3/4, 1988, p. 103-128, bibl.)

Based on her review of gender differ­entials of the lowest rungs of the Jamaican informal economy, author argues that in­equality, based on sex, is an integral feature

in the social relations and cultural construc­tion of a coimtry where colonial exploitation long dictated the course of economic, politi­cal, and sociocultural development.

796 Henley, Paul. Intergenerational mar­riage amongst the Carib-speaking

peoples of The Guianas: a preliminary sur­vey. {Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. I55-t8i, graphs)

Comparison of inter-generational mar­riage among the Carib-speaking peoples of The Guianas based on a survey of available data from t4 different groups. Survey results are preceded by discussion of the theoretical and methodological issues posed by the data and followed by the proposition that a fuller understanding of the phenomenon lies in fur­ther examination of the nature of cross­cousin marriage and the broader "complex of social and economic relations."

797 Heusch, Luc de. Kongo in Haiti: a new approach to religious syncretism.

{Man, 24:2, June 1989, p. 290-303, bibl.)Structural and historical approaches

are used to analyze the African roots of Hai­tian voodoo (i.e., the rada cult which ema­nated from Dahomey and the petro cult from the Kongo). Kongo elements are given pri­mary attention. Author argues the necessity of both approaches for a full understanding of s3mcretism.Hoefte, Rosematijn. Female indentured labor in Suriname: for better or for worse? See item 4701.

798 Holland, Dorothy C. and Julia G. Crane. Adapting to an industrializing

nation: the Shango cult in Trinidad. (Soc. Econ. Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. 41-66, bibl.)

Examines Shango Cult not in terms of African origins or psychological fimctions but rather as an adaptation force, "a template for reordering traditional Black or Creole pat­terns of economic survival and social rela­tions to fit the new conditions of Trinidadian society."Hurbon, Laënnec. Culture et dictature en Haïti: l'imaginaire sous contrôle. See item4704.Hurbon, Laënnec. Dieu dans le vaudou haïtien. See item 4705.

104 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51

799 Indians in the Caribbean. Edited by I.J. Bahadur Singh. New Delhi: Sterling

Publishers, 1987. 428 p.: bibl., index.Useful selection of papers dealing with

the study of the Caribbean's East Indian com­munity presented at three conferences {197$, 1979, and 1984): i) contains keynote speeches by V.S. Naipaul, Sam Selvon, Ismith Khan, and Winston Mahabir examining various as­pects of the East Indian quest for identity and acceptance in a multiracial Caribbean so­ciety; 2) concentrates on East Indian influ­ence on aspects of Caribbean culture; and 3) presents case studies dealing with the position of East Indians in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, and Grenada.800 Kasinitz, Philip and Judith Freiden-

berg-Herbstein. The Puerto RicanParade and West Indian Carnival: public cele­brations in New York City, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Mi­gration Studies, 1987, p. 327-349, bibl.)

Comparison of two Caribbean events in New York City "as collective rituals that carry para-political signiflcance."

801 Klomp, Ank. Politics on Bonaire: an anthropological study. Translated by

Dirk H. van der Elst. Assen/Maastricht, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1986. 215 p.: ap­pendices, bibl., maps. (Studies of developing countries; 3t)

Anthropologist Klomp looks at the constitutional and electoral history of Bo­naire and analyzes its political system, based on fieldwork. Book represents first publica­tion on Bonairian society and first essay on the political system of a Dutch Caribbean so­ciety in the English language. First published in 1983 as Politiek op Bonaite. [R. Hoefte]

802 Kloos, Peter. Syncretic features of con­temporary Maroni River Carib reli­

gious belief. {Antropológica, 63/64, 1985,p. 197-206, bibl.)

Elements from at least three cultures, traditional Carib, Roman Catholic, and Sur­inamese Creole, helped form contemporary Carib religious belief. New elements are ac­cepted or rejected on the pragmatic basis of their efficacy to deal in supernatural terms with illness, a key group issue.

803 Koulen, Ingrid; Gert J. Oostindie;Peter Verton; and Rosemarijn Hoefte.

The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba: a re­search guide. Providence, R.I.: Foris Publica­tions, 1987. r62 p.: appendix, bibl. (Caribbean series; 7)

Very useful guide which includes de­tailed profile of The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, a discussion of the development and current condition of social science re­search about these areas, a comprehensive bibliographic essay reviewing over 500 social science studies, and recommendations for fu­ture research. (For bibliographer's comment, see HLAS $0:109.804 Lamur, Humphrey E. Fertility differ­

entials on three slave plantations inSuriname. {Slavery Abolit, 8:3, Dec. 1987,P- 313-33S/ bibl., map, tables)

Fertility levels for slaves showed sub­stantial difference by plantation crop: lowest fertility level found for sugar estates, middle level for coffee plantations, and highest level for cotton plantations. Author tentatively concludes that feritlity differences result from difiering child-bearing intervals which, in turn, are the result of differences in labor conditions and slaves' reactions to the plan­tation system.López Valdes, Rafael L. Componentes af­ricanos en el etnos cubano. See item 4712.805 Lurry-Wright, Jerome Wendell. Cus­

tom and conflict on a Bahamian out-island. Lanham, Md.: Univ. Press of Amer­ica, 1987. xxii, 188 p.: bibl., indexes.

Based on field research carried out in 1972-73, this study analyzes choice and methods of dispute settlement on the island of Mayaguana. Author deals with intrafamily disputes, intracommimity conflict, intercom­munity conflict, and their management. In­cludes selected corpus of cases.806 Magaña, Edmundo. Astronomía de los

Wayana de Surinam y Guayana fran­cesa. (/. Lat Am. Lore, 13:1, Summer 1987, p. 47-71, bibl., ill., photos)

Report on the indigenous constella­tions and astronomy of the Oyana. Also in­cluded are related myths and suggestions for future research including the relationship of the native astronomy to ritual cycles.

807 Magaña, Edmundo. Astronomía wa­yana y tarëno: Guyana Francesa, Su-

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 105

rinam, norte de Brasil. {Am. Indig., 48:1, abril/junio rgSS, p. 447-4ór, bibl.)

Describes astronomy and star knowl­edge based on oral traditions of two tribes in The Guianas.

808 Magaña, Edmundo. Contribuciones al estudio de la mitología y astronomía

de los indios de las Guayanas. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: CEDLA; Providence, R.I.: FORIS Publications, 1987. 306 p.: bibl., ill. (Latin American studies; 35)

On the basis of fieldwork conducted among Amerindian tribes in Suriname and French Guiana, anthropologist Magaña dis­cusses mythology and astronomy among the Oyana, Apalai, Trio, and Kaliña Indians. In­cludes theoretical introductions, some 300 narratives, identification of t36 constella­tions, illustrations by native informants as well as zoological, ornithological and ich­thyological vocabularies. [R. Hoefte]

809 Menezes, M. Noel. The Amerindians of Guyana: original lords of the soil.

{Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/junio rp88, p. 353- 376, bibl., maps)

Explores land rights of Guyanese Amerindians in historical and contemporary perspective. Amerindians "remain, for the most part, as they were in colonial days 'wards of the State' and to a certain extent, landless serfs."

810 Mentore, George P. Wai-wai labour re­lations in the production of cassava.

{Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 199- 221, graphs, ill., tables)

Describes procedure and sequence of agricultural work and sexual division of labor in order to illuminate social relations in agri­cultural production and factors that deter­mine the distribution of farmland among a Carib group in Guyana.

811 Mintz, Sidney W. Labor and ethnicity: the Caribbean conjuncture, (in Crises

in the Caribbean Basin. Edited by Richard Tardanico. Newberry Park, Calif.: Sage Pub­lications, 1987, p. 47-57, bibl.)

In order to understand Caribbean eth­nicity one must know the social fields in which this ethnicity developed and main­tained its characteristic structiure and shape. "The Caribbean conjuncture of labor and eth­nicity is a product of particular forces at a particular time, and of necessity it raises se­

rious questions about the linkages between class and culture."

812 Mohammed, Patricia. The Caribbean family revisited, (in Gender in Carib­

bean development: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Stud­ies Project. Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of the West Indies, Women and Devel­opment Studies Project, t988, p. lyo-iSi, bibl.)

From a gender-aware perspective, au­thor reviews classic studies of the West In­dian family and suggests directions for the study of women and the family in Caribbean societies.813 Mohammed, Patricia. The "creoliza-

tion" of Indian women in Trinidad, {inTrinidad and Tobago: the independence expe­rience, r962-i987. Edited by Selwyn Ryan with the assistance of Gloria Gordon. St. Au­gustine, Trinidad and Tobago: Univ. of the West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research, r988, p. 38r-397, bibl.)

Description of the "tremendous shift" in Indian women's status as they become more fully integrated into Trinidadian so­ciety through increased opportimities in education and employment. Process of "creolization" has been selective and has not automatically led to "negation" of ethnic or religious identity.

Moore, Carlos. Race relations in socialist Cuba. See item 4721.

814 Morton, John. Women as values, signs and power: aspects of the politics of

ritual among the Waiwai. {Antropológica, 59/62, r983/r984, p. 223-26r)

Exploration of points of convergence between Marxism, structuralism, and psy­choanalysis in the analysis of the social posi­tion of women in Waiwai social organization and for demonstrating "the close functional interdependence of religion, ritual, ideology and socio-economic practice."

815 Murray, Gerald F. Seeing the forest while planting the trees: an anthropo­

logical approach to agroforestry in rural Haiti, {in Politics, projects, and people: in­stitutional development in Haiti. Edited by Derick W. Brinkerhofi and Jean-Claude

106 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51

Garcia-Zamor. New York: Praeger Pub­lishers, 1986, p. 193-226, bibl.)

Interesting description and analysis of an anthropological approach to environmen­tal restoration in Haiti. Article focuses on the underlying design principles and institu­tional dimensions of the project.

Ortiz, Fernando. Los negros curros. See item 4725.816 Pessar, Patricia R. The Dominicans:

women in the household and the gar­ment industry, [in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Poner. New York: Co­lumbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. 103-129, bibl.)

An "etic" analysis of the positive con­tribution of Dominican women to the New York garment industry and the impact of this employment on improving their household status and prolonging their stay in the US.

817 Pessar, Patricia R. The hnkage be­tween household and workplace of Do­

minican women in the U.S. [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimen­sions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 255-277, bibl., tables)

Wage employment improves the household status of migrant women but their ideological and social commitment to the household fosters a middle class identity and orientation to work which works against par­ticipation in collective struggles to improve working conditions. This "inconsistency" is explored.

Planson, Claude. Le vaudou. See item 4728.

818 Price, Neil. Behind the planter's back:lower class responses to marginality

in Bequia Island, St. Vincent. London: Mac­millan Caribbean, rpSS. 274 p.: figures, maps, tables.

Analyses of fieldwork data firmly "set within a materialist framework, using the Marxist theory of modes of production and social classes to examine social relations and ideology." Author examines contemporary forms of dependence and interdependence, the local economy, household and family, kinship and friendship, lower-class culture, and tourism, real estate and change, all with special emphasis on the community of Lower Bay.

819 Price, Richard. Fiist Time: historia y antropología entre los saramaka.

(Rev. Cieno. Soc., 25 :1/2, enero/junio 1986, p. 263-285, facsim., map, photos)

Exploration of native categories of his­tory among the Saramaka in Suriname. Au­thor details the "regulated" process of oral transmission and the "dangers" involved therein. Interesting analyses of the power of history in the present. Concludes with reflec­tions on the effects of modernization efforts in the region.

820 Quamina, Odida T. Mineworkers of Guyana: the making of a working

class. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books, 1987. 118 p., 7 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index.

Based on data generated by anthropo­logical techniques and author's personal experience as employee of the Demerara Bauxite Co., this unique study in industrial sociology analyzes aspects of the lives and works of some of the individuals who shaped the Guyanese bauxite industry and deals with the process of transition of this na­tionalized industry with special reference to the socioeconomic-political changes during the key period r97t-82.

821 Quintero-Rivera, Angel G. The rural- urban dichotomy in the formation of

Puerto Rico's cultural identity. [Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 61:3/4, 1987, p. 127- r44, bibl., maps)

Analysis of "the changing meanings of the urban-rural dichotomy . . . and the cul­tural significance of the relationship between country and city."822 Rashford, John. Packy tree, spirits and

duppy birds. [Jam. /., 21:3, Aug./Oct.r989, p. 2-to, bibl., facsims., photos)

Study of the cultural importance of the American calabash tree [Ciescentia spp.j in Jamaica, with focus on its traditional asso­ciation with the spiritual world.

823 Rawlins, Joan M. The family in the Caribbean, 1973-1986: an annotated

bibliography. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Eastern Caribbean, Univ. of the West Indies, 1987. xvi, 41 p.: indexes. (Occasional bibliogra­phy; 10)

Arranged alphabetically by author, this bibliography contains 108 entries cover-

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 107

ing the English-speaking Caribbean, Aruba, Cuba, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Marti- luque, and Puerto Rico.

824 Rivière, Peter. Aspects of Carib politi­cal economy. {Anüopológica, 59/62,

1983/1984, P- 349-358)Clastres has argued that Amerindian

societies lack a political economy. Rivière, disagreeing with this claim, argues that if political economy is defined as the ways in which the production and distribution of wealth are organized, then relatively simple Carib societies certainly have one—a politi­cal economy in which scarce hiunan re­sources, particularly women, rather than material resources, are considered wealth. "This helps account for the political signifi­cance of marriage in the region and the im­portance of uxorilocality as a means through which men attempt to control their female resources." This argument is extended to ex­plain the atomistic and individualistic nature of Guianese societies.

825 Rubenstein, Hymie. Coping with pov­erty: adaptive strategies in a Caribbean

village. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press,1987- 389 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, tables. (Westview special studies in social, political, and economic development)

Rich ethnography of a coastal commu­nity in St. Vincent which focuses on three spheres of adaptation to material deprivation and status inequality: economic, family and household, and non-familial social life. Chapters deal with the island's background; contemporary scene; community; work, wealth and class; land tenure and use; labor migration; kindred organization; sex, mating and marriage; the household; friendship; and a concluding section examines the study's empirical results within the framework of Afro-American and Caribbean anthropology.

826 Rubenstein, Hymie. Ganja as a peas­ant resource in St. Vincent: a prelimi­

nary analysis, [in Small farming and peasant resources in the Caribbean. Edited by John S. Brierly and Hymie Rubenstein. Wiimipeg, Canada: Univ. of Manitoba, Dept, of Geogra­phy, 1988, p. ir9-i33, bibl.)

Emergence of marihuana as a major new crop in the mid-1970s is seen as result­ing from a decline of wage labor and self-em­ployed economic alternatives in St. Vincent

and the consequent need for many young men to turn to the land for their livelihood. Describes attitudes towards cultivation and use, production techniques, and distribution patterns related to marihuana.

827 Safa, Helen I. Popular culture, national identity, and race in the Caribbean.

{Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 61:3/4, 1987, p. Ii5-t26, bibl.)

Discussion of issues linked to cultural policy and the search for-national identity in the Caribbean (e.g., the Afro-Carihbean con­tribution; impact of major events such as the Cuban revolution and the Grenada invasion; changes wrought by migration and the mass media).

828 Sanders, Andtew. The powerless people: an analysis of the Amerindians

of the Corentyne River. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 2987. 220 p.: bibl., maps, plates.

Analysis of the relationship between Amerindians of the Corentyne and Guyanese national society during the late 1960s. Au­thor explores how village inhabitants saw their social world and discusses the meaning of concepts such as "families," "shame," "re­spect," "nation," "advantage," "mattie," and "eyepass" that helped generate this view.

829 Sassen-Koob, Saskia. Formal and infor­mal associations: Dominicans and Co­

lombians in New York, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Mi­gration Studies, 1987, p. 278-296, bibl.)

Different incidence and types of volun­tary associations in the two migrant commu­nities are seen "as an indicator of different modalities of articulation with the receiving society." See also item 785.

830 Schwerin, Karl H. The kin-integration system among Caribs. (Antropológica,

59/62, T983/1984, p. r25-i53, graphs, tables) Revealing exploration of kinship prin­

ciples of small-scale Carib Indian societies in the Guianas. Based on a survey of published sources, author finds that these societies have a common kinship system, one not comprehended by "descent theory" or "al­liance theory." Ultimate goal of this system is to define the members of each small so­ciety as kinsmen. Claims that this is an ex-

108 / Handbook of Latin Ameiican Studies v. 51

tremely effective system for integrating small local groups.

831 Smith, M.G. Pluralism: comments on an ideological analysis. (Soc. Econ.

Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. 157-191, bibl.)Perhaps the last of an increasingly

acerbic but illuminating exchange between the author and Don Robotham concerning the latter's view "of the real social and intel­lectual content of M.G. Smith's version of pluralism." In this article, Smith responds to Robotham's rejoinder (see HLAS 49:987] to Smith's reply (see HLAS 47:1128] to Robot- ham's original essay (see HLAS 47:1118] by stressing "that students should never accept critiques or expositions without carefully checking the original text themselves to as­sess the accuracy and adequacy of the com­mentary, whether that is presented as an ideological analysis or not."

832 Smith, M.G. Poverty in Jamaica.Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and

Economic Research, Univ. of the West Indies, 1989. 167 p.: tables.

Recently released social survey de­signed "to estimate the volumes of individ­ual and family needs for various kinds of social assistance among the poorer people of Jamaica. ..." Surveys 1,093 households, roughly half rural and half urban, and reports results under the following general rubrics: economic conditions; housing and health; dependent categories (e.g., the aged, the handicapped, insurance, ehildren); other nee'ds (e.g., literacy, family planning, legal aid); and information and mutual aid.

833 Smith, Raymond T. Kinship and class in the West Indies: a genealogical

study of Jamaica and Guyana. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988. 205 p., 3 p. of plates: bibl., index, maps. (Cam­bridge studies in social anthropology; 65)

Through systematic genealogical analysis, author probes the strength and na­ture of West Indian kinship ties. Emphasizes issues related to marriage in the formation of West Indian society, modern marriage and other arrangements, sex-role differentiation, and household and family. Concludes that "the lower classes of the New World are not impoverished because their families are dis­organized; their kinship systems were born and reproduce themselves within a particular

kind of class system that links all family 'types' into a structurally related series domi­nated by an ideology of evaluation that serves to reproduce the class system itself."834 Smuckei, Glenn R. Peasant councils

and the politics of community, (inPolitics, projects, and people: institutional development in Haiti. Edited by Derick W. Brinkerhoff and Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1986, p. 93- II3, bibl.)

History of the foreign and domestic roots of community development in Haiti provides context for a discussion of peasant community councils which concludes that their basic function "is to maintain the flow of peasant agricultural goods and taxes, and to maintain the political status quo."

Soledad, Rosalia de la and Maria J. Sanjuán de Novas. Ibó: yorubas en tierras cubanas.See item 4738.835 Stafford, Susan Buchanan. The Hai­

tians: the cultural meaning of race andethnicity, {in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. 131-158, bibl.)

Context provided for understanding changes in the symbolic meaning of race and .ethnicity among Haitian migrants in New York City including a demographic overview, a profile of the New York Haitian commu­nity, and a description of the effect of race and ethnicity on migrants' daily lives.

836 Stafford, Susan Buchanan. Language and identity: Haitians in New York

City, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Con­stance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 202-217, bibl.)

Status and identity conflicts as re­flected in debates over language usage.837 Stedman, John Gabriel. Narrative of a

five years expedition against the re­volted Negroes of Surinam: transocibed for the first time from the original 1790 manu­script. Edited, and with an introduction and notes, by Richard Price and Sally Price. Balti­more: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1988. xcvii, 708 p.: bibl., ill. (some col.), plates.

Completely new edition of the histori­cally important Stedman Narrative, this is

Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 109

the only version based on the editors' per­sonal copy of the original and unedited manuscript. This most handsome, beau­tifully illustrated volume covers Stedman's stay from 177a to 1777 and includes a full in­troduction and extensive notes.by Richard and Sally Price, noted authorities on the Maroons of Suriname.

838 Stephen, Henri J.M. Winti: Afro-Sur- inaamse religie en magische rituelen

in Suriname en Nederland. Amsterdam: Kar­nak, 1985. 131 p., I leaf of plates: bibl., ill.

Description of the use of rituals in the Winti culture in which the medicine man plays central role. Author discusses religious aspects and their influence. Provides over­view of magic rituals as practiced in Suri­name and The Netherlands. [N. Vicentij

839 Stewart, John O. Drinkers, drummers, and decent folk: ethnographic nar­

ratives of village Trinidad. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1989. 230 p.: bibl.

Unique and successful exercise in the use of ethnographic fiction as a way of doing a type of ethnography which reveals critical but difficult-to-reach cultural elements. Au­thor uses essays, poems, and fiction inter: spersed with more conventional anthropo­logical notes and commentaries to delve into rural Trinidadian culture.

840 Sutton, Constance R. The Carib- beanization of New York City: the

emergence of a transnational sociocultural system, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Con­stance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 15-30, bibl.)

Introductory chapter to edited volume focuses on New York City as a Caribbean cross-road and site of a Caribbean transna­tional cultural system; on Caribbeans in the city's race/ethnic hierarchy; and on the so­ciocultural dimensions of Caribbean life in the city.

841 Thoden van Velzen, H.U.E. De Brunswijk-opstand: antropologische

kanttekeningen bij de Surinaamse bur- geroorlog. {Sociol. Gids, 35:3, mei/juni 1988, p. 212-236, bibl., maps)

Anthropologist Thoden van Velzen discusses causes which led to the formation of the Bnmswijk guerrilla group in East Sur­

iname, as well as how collective reprisals in­fluenced the whole Maroon community. He also discusses the religious consequences of the current problems. [R. Hoefte]

842 Thoden van Velzen, H.U.E. and W. van Wetering. The great father and the

danger: religious cults, material forces, and collective fantasies in the world of the Suri­namese Maroons. Dordrecht, The Nether­lands: Providence, R.I.: Foris Publications, 1988. 451 p.: bibl., maps. (Caribbean series: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Vol- kenkimde; 9)

Extensive study of the history of the cults of the Ndjuka Maroons based on 25 years of historical and ethnographical re­search. Explores relation between cult, myth, and the everyday world and compares inter­pretations of native and foreign intellectuals. [R. Hoefte]

843 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Discourses of rule and the acknowledgement of the

peasantry in Dominica, 1838-1-928. (Am. Ethnol., 16:4, Nov. 1989, p. 704-718, bibl.)

Description of long, convoluted pro­cess by which cultivators of land in Domin­ica came to be designated as and referred to by British colonists as peasants, "a metaphor for the acknowledgment of new relations of production that gave cultivators firmer con­trol of the labor process."

844 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Haiti: state against nation,- the origins and legacy

of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. 282 p.: bibl., ill.

Theoretically sophisticated discus­sion of the historical evolution of Haiti as context for an understanding of the rise of Duvalierism.

845 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Peasants and capital: Dominica in the world econ­

omy. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1988. 344 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, tables. (Johns Hopkins studies in Atlantic history and culture)

Thorough examination of "peasants" and the "peasantry" in Dominica and a major contribution to the growing literatme on rural labor in the Caribbean. Organized into three parts—the nation, the world, the vil­lage—this study reflects and analyzes these differing but overlapping perspectives and skillfully deals with the seeming paradox of

lio / Handbook o{ Latín American Studies V. 51

the emergence and growth of "peasantries" in a region long integrated in a capitalist world economy.

846 Urbina, Luis. Some aspects of the Pemón system of social relationships.

[Antiopológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 183- 198, graph, ill., map)

Social reproduction of the Arekuna sub-group of the Pemón, a Cariban society, is analyzed with reference to the dynamics of the social units, relationships between mem­bers of these units, and the categorical prin­ciples underlying such relationships.

847 Vernon, Diane. Money magic in a modernizing Maroon society. Tokyo:

Institute for the Study of Languages and Cul­tures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), 1985. 50 p.: bibl. (AA-Ken Caribbean study series; 2)

Description and analysis of two forms of money magic in Djuka society: bakuu, linked to coastal Surinamese life, is an am­bivalent, aggressive means of gaining wealth which when appropriated by Djuka ceases to be a source of wealth and becomes an instru­ment of destruction; and, papa obia, linked to interior villages, is a positive magic which can seduce coastal residents into lavishing wealth on emigrant Djuka men and which can develop harmonious relationships.

848 Villalón, Maria Eugenia. Network or­ganization in E'ñapa society: a first

approximation. [Antropológica, 59/62, r983/i984, p. 57-71, ill., map, table)

Author argues that regional analysis can provide effective analytical tools for the study of structurally simple societies. Identi­fies four types of regional networks involving the E'ñapa, a Cariban people, which indicate a high degree of societal integration at the re­gional level: marriage, trade, ceremonial co­operation, and shamanic services exchanges.849 Wedenoja, William: The origins of Re­

vival: a Creole religion in Jamaica, [inCulture and Christianity: the dialectics of transformation. Edited by George R. Saun­ders. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988, p. 91-121, bibl.)

Precursors to and context of the evolu­tion of Revival, a "Creole" religion, product of a Jamaican Creole society. It would be

"somewhat misleading" to view this religion simply as Afro-Christfan syncretism.

850 Whitehead, Neil L. Lord of the tiger spirit: a history of the Caribs in colo­

nial Venezuela and Guyana, 1498-1920. Dor­drecht, The Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1988. 250 p.: bibl., ill., maps, plates, tables. (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land—en Volkenkxmde: Caribbean series,- 10)

"Sharp contrast between the cunent social position of the Amerindians and their historic role in shaping the colonisation of Venezuela and Guyana" provides parameters for this authoritative account of Carib his­tory from the time of their initial contact with Europeans around 1498 to the point three centuries later when they finally lost their independence. Useful sections on Carib society and demography (1500-1700) and the Carib polity (1498-1811), including chapters on the Carib frontier, the conquest of Cari- bana, the Spanish missions, the Dutch con­nection, and cannibalism and slavery.

851 Williams, Brackette. Ef me naa bin come me naa been know: informal so­

cial control and the Afro-Guyanese wake, 1900-1948. [Caiibb. Q., 30:3/4, Sept./Dec. t984, p. 26-44)

Detailed account, based on oral histo­ries, of the form, content, and functions of wakes (1900-48) in one Afro-Guyanese com­munity. Analytic stress is placed on the ritual as organized satirical sanction and im­portant method of local social control. In 1948, the legitimacy of the ritual declined and its form and content altered as it was successfully challenged by threatened "big people."852 Winti-teligie: een Afro-Surinaamse

godsdienst in Nederland. (Winti-religion: an Afro-Suiinamese religion in the Netherlands.) Edited by F.E.R. Derveld and Herman Noordegraaf. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Horstink, 1988. 188 p.: bibl. (Godsdienst en samenleving)

Do not judge this book by its cover. Even though the title implies that the 12 contributors to this volume concentrate on Winti in The Netherlands, more than half of the text is devoted to this religious phenome­non in Suriname. [R. Hoefte]