wespac 06 k. wirth 1 community response to aircraft noise exposure over time katja wirth kumamoto...
TRANSCRIPT
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K. Wirth 1WESPAC ’06
Community Response to Aircraft Noise Exposure over Time
Katja WirthKumamoto University, Japan
Mark Brink & Christoph SchierzETH Zurich, Switzerland
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K. Wirth 2WESPAC ’06
1. Introduction
2. Political background
3. Methodology of the surveys
4. Results
5. Conclusion
Content
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K. Wirth 3WESPAC ’06
1. Introduction
This presentation deals with 2 aircraft noise surveys, carried out in 2001 and 2003 around Zurich Airport.
3 questions:
1. Changes in prevalence of annoyance between 2001 and 2003?
2. Changes in prevalence of annoyance between 1971 and 2001 / 1991 and 2001?
3. In areas with a step increase of noise exposure: overreactions?
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K. Wirth 4WESPAC ’06
• Aircraft noise is a big political issue in the greater Zurich area
• Everyday subject in the media
• Several incidents in the past few years
• Most important are the problems with nearby Germany: Germany cancelled the treaty ruling the flights from and to Zurich airport over German territory -> never ending negotiations
• High uncertainty about future aircraft noise
2. Political Background
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K. Wirth 5WESPAC ’06
● Germany’s implemented regulation about overflights over German territory forced Zurich Airport to a new take-off and landing regime
● Thus residential areas with few aircraft noise were newly affected by aircraft noise
● This scenario allowed us to assess the changes in noise annoyance
● at steady state circumstances● and at a step change in noise exposure
2. Political Background
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K. Wirth 6WESPAC ’06
3. Methodology of the Surveys● Surveys carried out in August 2001 and August 2003● Random samples out of 57 communities around the
airport Zurich● 2001
● Questionnaire● Response rate = 52%: 1826 valid questionnaires
● 2003● Questionnaire and telephone interviews● If possible, addresses from 2001 were used again● Response rate = 35%: 1721 datasets
● Noise measures calculated for the home of every subject
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K. Wirth 7WESPAC ’06
3. Methodology of the Surveys
Bern
Zurich Airport
Germany
France
Italy
Austria
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K. Wirth 8WESPAC ’06
Hohentengen (D) Rüdlin-gen (SH)
Buch-berg(SH)
Kaiserstuhl (AG)
Wettingen (AG)
Bellikon (AG)
Würen-los (AG)
Killwangen (AG)
kon (AG)Bergdieti-
Remetsch-wil (AG)
bach (AG)Spreiten-
Fisibach (AG)
MarthalenRheinau Klein-
andelfingen
Flaach
Volken
DorfHumlikon
Heng-gart
Rafz
Wil
Hünt-wangen
Waster-kingen
Eglisau
Weiach
Glattfelden
Nieder-wenin-gen
Schlei-nikon
Ober-
we-
nin-
gen
Schöfflis-
dorf
Bachs
Steinmaur
Neerach
Otelfingen
Boppel-sen
Regens-berg
Buchs
dorf
Diels-
Niederhasli
Niederglatt
Höri
Hüttikon Dällikon
Ge-rolds-wil
Weinin-gen
EngstringenOb.-Unt.-
Schlieren
Regensdorf
Rümlang
Oberglatt
Winkel
Kloten
Opfikon
Lufingen
Bachen-
bülach
Embrach
Stadel Hoch-
feldenBülach
Rorbas
Freienstein-
Teufen
Berg a. I.
Buch a. I.
Ossingen
Andelfingen
Thalheim
Dägerlen
Dinhard
SeuzachNeftenbach
Hettlingen
Schlatt
Kyburg
WeisslingenWild-
berg
Hittnau
Russikon
Illnau-Effretikon
Fehraltorf
Pfäffikon
Uster
See-
Volketswil
gräben
Greifen-
see
Schwerzen-
bach
Fällanden
Dübendorf
Wallisellen
Dietli-
kon
Bassersdorf
Nürensdorf
Brütten
Oberembrach
Pfungen
Lindau
Wangen-
Brüttisellen
Urdorf
Uitikon
Birmensdorf
Aesch
Wettswil
a. A.
Bonstetten
Hedingen
Stalli-
kon Adliswil
Kilchberg
Rüschlikon
Langnau
a. A.
Thalwil
Oberrieden
Zürich
Winterthur
Zollikon
Zumikon
Küsnacht
Maur
ErlenbachHerrliberg Egg
Meilen
Mönch-altorf
Gossau
GrüningenOetwila. S.Uetikon
a. S.
Wetzikon
Adlikon
Däni-kon
Dietikon
Dättli-kon
Zürich 10
Zürich 11
Zürich 12
Zürich 6
Zürich 7
Oetwil a.d.L.
Benken
Zell
S28L
S28K
L28
L32
L34
Since October 2001: Landing aircrafts early in the morning and late in the evening: step change in noise exposure.
3. Methodology of the Surveys
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K. Wirth 9WESPAC ’06
4. Results
Is there any change of the prevalence of annoyance between 2001 and 2003?
4.1 Comparison 2001 and 2003 at Steady State Condition
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K. Wirth 10WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.1 Comparison 2001 and 2003 at Steady State Condition
40 45 50 55 60 65Leq 24 h in dB(A)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
aver
age
ann
oya
nce
Survey2001
2003
No significant change in noise annoyance!
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K. Wirth 11WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.2 Comparison with the 1971 survey
Compared with a former noise survey carried out around Zurich Airport in 1971, was there any change in aircraft noise-induced annoyance at same sound levels?
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K. Wirth 12WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.2 Comparison with the 1971 survey
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1971 2001 1971 2001
NNI < 40 NNI >= 40
%H
A
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K. Wirth 13WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.3 Comparison with the 1991 survey
Compared with a former noise survey carried out around Zurich Airport in 1991, was there any change in aircraft noise-induced annoyance at same sound levels?
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K. Wirth 14WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.3 Comparison with the 1991 survey
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50 53 56 59 62 65
Leq day 6 am - 10 pm in dB(A)
%H
A %HA 1991
%HA 2001
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K. Wirth 15WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.4 Effect of a step increase in noise exposure
In the data set of 2003 is there any effect of the step increase of noise exposure on annoyance detectable?
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K. Wirth 16WESPAC ’06
Overreaction
e.g. opening of a new runway
e.g. installation of noise insulation
windows
OverreactionHigher annoyance than suspected
Noise level
OverreactionLess annoyance than suspected
Annoyance
Annoyance
4. Results4.4 Effect of a step increase in noise exposure
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K. Wirth 17WESPAC ’06
4. Results
4.4 Effect of a step increase in noise exposure
40 45 50 55 60
Leq 24 h in dB(A)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
aver
age
ann
oya
nce
Noise exposure
steady state condition
step change
Significant effect of the noise exposure situation on annoyance!
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K. Wirth 18WESPAC ’06
Noise exposure measure
2001 2003
Steady state
2003
Step change
Leq 6-22 .26 * .26 * .01
Leq 0-24 .28 * .28 * .02
Ldn .31 * .31 * .04
Lden .31 * .33 * .04
Correlation coefficients noise exposure - annoyance
4. Results
4.4 Effect of a step increase in noise exposure
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K. Wirth 19WESPAC ’06
• No change of dose response relationship between 2001 and 2003 if steady state noise condition
• This is in agreement with a Dutch Study (2004)
• Overreaction in areas with a step increase of noise exposure
• Extent and persistence (almost 2 years) of these reactions is noteworthy, and in agreement with a study of Fidell et al. (2002)
5. Discussion (1)
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K. Wirth 20WESPAC ’06
• No relationship between noise exposure and annoyance for subjects affected with step change of noise exposure
• In contrast, relationship between increase of noise exposure and annoyance
• It seems that the concerned residents refer not to the actual sound level, but to the change of sound level when asked about their noise annoyance
5. Discussion (2)
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K. Wirth 21WESPAC ’06
Thank you for your attention!