welsh red data 2010 4pp cover layout 1 10/12/2010 14:54 …

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Plantlife CymruUned 14, Llys Castan

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Tel/ffôn: 01248 670691E-mail/e-bostiwch: [email protected]

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Speaking up for the nation’s wild plants

Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee.Registered in England and Wales, Charity Number: 1059559

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ISBN 978-1-907141-40-9

A Lichen Red Data List for W

alesRhestr o Gen D

ata Coch ar gyfer Cymru Ray G W

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With the help of the BritishLichen Society, the CountrysideCouncil for Wales and theNational Museum of Wales.

Gyda chymorth yBritish LichenSociety, Cyngor CefnGwlad Cymru acAmgueddfa Cymru.

ALichen

Red Data Listfor

Wales

WELSH RED DATA 2010 4pp cover_Layout 1 10/12/2010 14:54

www.fsc.org© 1996 Forest Stewardship Council

Cert no. SA-COC-002048

Mixed SourcesProduct group from well-managed

forests and other controlled sources

SummaryDespite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 1290lichen taxa (including 1250 species) representing 68% of the total Britishlichen flora. Using widely accepted international criteria and data collatedby the British Lichen Society a Welsh regional threat status is offered forall Welsh lichens and allied fungi for the first time. The threat status ofWelsh species is compared with the already published British Red Data Listfor Lichens.

Of the 1290 species of lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologistsin Wales 22 are probably extinct (2% of the total) and 204 more (16%) arethreatened with extinction. Of this latter total 28 (2% of the overall total) areCritically Endangered, 24 (2%) are Endangered and 156 (12%) are Vulnerable. afurther 131 taxa (10%) are Near Threatened, whilst 152 taxa (12%) lack sufficientinformation for a threat category to be assigned to them.

Of Welsh lichens and fungi studied by lichenologists 38% of the taxa thereforerequire some action either to better understand their true status or reverseknown ongoing declines. This compares with 35% for Britain as a whole.

Believed to be the first such regional report of threats facing lichen species inBritain, it is hoped these results will be used to help prioritise futureconservation actions.

CrynodebEr mai gwlad fechan yw Cymru (yn cyfrif am 11% o holl arwynebedd tirmawr Prydain) mae wedi cynnal 1290 tacson cen (yn cynnwys 1250rhywogaeth). Mae hyn yn gyfystyr â 68% o holl fflora cen Prydain.Defnyddiwyd data a gasglwyd gan y ‘British Lichen Society’, ynghyd âmeini prawf rhyngwladol cydnabyddedig, er mwyn gallu cynnig disgrifiadam y tro cyntaf o statws holl gennau Cymru â’r ffyngau sy’n gysylltiedig ânhw o safbwynt y bygythiad y maent yn ei wynebu ar lefel ranbarthol. Maestatws bygythiad y rhywogaethau Cymreig yn cael ei gymharu â’r RhestrData Coch ar gyfer Prydain, sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi. Mae’r statwsbygythiad hwnnw yn cael ei gymharu gyda’r Rhestr Data Coch Brydeinig,sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi.

O blith y rhywogaethau cen a ffwng sydd wedi cael eu hastudio’n draddodiadolgan arbenigwyr cen yng Nghymru mae’n debyg bod 22 (2% o’r cyfanswm) wedimynd i ddifancoll a bod 204 (16%) o’r gweddill mewn perygl o fynd i ddifancoll.O blith y cyfanswm olaf hwn mae 28 (2%) Dan Fygythiad Enbyd, 24 (2%) DanFygythiad a 156 (12%) yn Fregus. Mae 133 tacson pellach (10% ) yn agos at fodDan Fygythiad tra bod diffyg gwybodaeth am 152 (12%) tacson yn ei gwneud ynamhosib i bennu statws bygythiad ar eu cyfer.

Felly mae angen cymryd camau gweithredu ar gyfer 38% o’r tacson cen a ffwngCymreig sydd wedi cael eu hastudio gan arbenigwyr, un ai er mwyn deall mwyam eu gwir statws neu i wrthdroi dirywiad sy’n digwydd ar hyn o bryd. Mae hynyn cymharu â 35% ar gyfer Prydain gyfan.

Credir mai hwn yw’r adroddiad rhanbarthol cyntaf ynglŷn â’r bygythiadau sy’nwynebu rhywogaethau cen ym Mhrydain. Gobeithir y bydd y canlyniadau hynyn cael eu defnyddio er mwyn blaenoriaethu gwaith cadwraeth yn y dyfodol.

Featured speciesThese two species have been selected to illustrate thevalue of producing a Lichen Red List for Wales.

Pitted Lungwort (Lobaria scrobiculata)Least Concern in Great Britain but CriticallyEndangered in Wales

This large and distinctive foliose lichen of tree trunks andbranches was once probably widespread in Wales.

Sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution and otheratmospheric pollutants it is the least abundant of thefour lungwort species. It is now confined to a scatter ofancient trees and the trunks and branches of a very fewyounger trees in ravine sites in northwest Wales where itis sheltered from major sources of atmosphericpollutants. There have been no reports of fertile materialrecently and all known populations, if they are currentlyreproducing, must do so vegetatively.

a significant contraction in its range has recentlyoccurred with the loss of populations inMontgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire and mid Cardiganshire.

Ciliate Strap-lichen (Heterodermia leucomela)Endangered in Great Britain but Vulnerable in Wales

a lichen widespread in the tropics, it reaches thenorthernmost edge of its world range on anglesey. InWales it is found scrambling amongst the low growth ofwind-pruned vegetation on almost frost-free sea cliffs,whilst in the tropics it grows on twigs in the forestcanopy. It has recently been discovered in two new sitesin Pembrokeshire to add to its former known range ofBardsey, The Lleyn and anglesey. all its known sites aresympathetically managed.

Cover imageTree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria)

all images © Ray Woods

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British Lichen Society

WELSH RED DATA 2010 4pp cover_Layout 1 10/12/2010 14:54

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A Lichen Red Data List

for Wales

Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer

Cymru

Ray G WoodsPlantlife Cymru

Cite as: Woods, R. G. (2010) A Lichen Red Data List for Wales. Plantlife, Salisbury.

WELSH RED DATA LIST 2010_Layout 1 10/12/2010 15:00 Page 1

A Lichen Red Data List for Wales

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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru

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A Lichen Red Data List

for WalesThis report presents the results of acomprehensive analysis of the current status oflichens in Wales using the updated IUCN criteria.

It has brought to light a suite of species morethreatened in Wales than in the rest of Britain, aswell as some species threatened in Britain but whichare doing better in Wales. Wales has a responsibilityto protect and conserve all these threatened species,and it is hoped the findings of this study will be usedto inform priorities for conservation action andfuture revisions of the British Red Data Book ofLichens and the list of lichens that appear in Section42 of the Natural Environment and RuralCommunities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and speciesof principal importance in Wales). It also highlightsthose species with Welsh populations of Europeanand/or world significance.

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymruwith the support of the Countryside Council forWales and the British Lichen Society.



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Contents1 Introduction 6

2 Implementation of this Red Data List 7

3 Coverage 83.1 Taxonomic coverage 83.2 Geographic coverage 8

4 Data sources 9

5 Application of IUCN criteria 105.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 105.2 Treating Wales as a region 105.3 IUCN categories in Wales 11

6 Explanation of the Wales Red Data List 146.1 Species listed 146.2 Wales Red List threat status and criteria 146.3 British Red List threat status 146.4 Rarity 146.5 National/international responsibility 156.6 Edge of British range in Wales 156.7 Porportion of British population 156.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42 species 156.9 Schedule 8 species 15

7 Analysis 167.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data Lists 167.2 Taxa extinct in Wales 167.3 Taxa “doing better” in Wales 187.4 Taxa “doing worse” in Wales 197.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in Wales 247.6 Species for which Wales has a particular responsibility 28

8 Lichen Red Data List for Wales 35

9 Acknowledgements 62

10 References 63

Appendix 1 64



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1. IntroductionPlantlife published A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008) in 2008following widespread consultation. Its publication was widely welcomed and it seemeddesirable to try at least some of the methodology out on another group of organisms. TheRed Data Books of Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al) had beenpublished in 1996. This list had been extended and revised by the publication of AConservation Evaluation of British Lichens (Woods and Coppins) in 2003, a revision ofwhich is currently in press.

Such has been the increase in our knowledge of this group, coupled with the discovery ofa number of new taxa, that a major revision of The Lichen Flora of Great Britain andIreland (Purvis et al 1992) was recently published by the British Lichen Society (Smith etal (2009)). A “Threatened lichens of Wales” distribution database (Countryside Council forWales and British Lichen Society, pers.comm.) has also been developed and over 60,000Welsh lichen records accumulated by the local record centres in Wales. The British LichenSociety has also continued to develop its own national databases and to publish recordsin its Bulletin of new and interesting lichens. Finally, but by no means least, a small butdedicated band of amateur and professional lichenologists are all willing to share theirdata and expertise, as are members of Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) staff. Withouttheir input this list could not have been produced

As with the Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) andthe Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales (Dines, 2008), it is hoped regular updates tothis Welsh Red Data List for Lichens will be made available electronically, based on eithernew data, additional data that is made available, or refined methods of analysing data.The updates may result in changes to threat status categories for certain taxa and thesechanges will supersede the status categories published here.

This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru, but would not have been possiblewithout considerable help from all those who have shared their records, the British LichenSociety, the National Museum of Wales and the Countryside Council for Wales. I amparticularly indebted to Alan Orange, Steve Chambers and Brian Coppins for theirinvaluable assistance.



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2. Implementation of this Red Data ListOne aim of this report is to assess the level of threat facing lichen species in Wales so thatpriorities can be identified for conservation action. However, Wales is a political, notbiogeographic area, and this list should not be used in isolation without reference to theRed Data Books of Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al 1996) and A Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens (Woods and Coppins, 2003) and anyrevisions. Now that Red Data Lists exist for lichens in both Great Britain and Wales, someguidance on how these lists should be used is needed, especially in view of the fact that afew taxa have different levels of threat in each area.

Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or NearThreatened) in Britain (Woods and Coppins, op. cit.) should also be regarded as a priorityfor conservation in Wales, regardless of its threat status in Wales. The categories of threatgiven in Woods and Coppins (op. cit.) are based on an assessment of national distributionand decline, and apply throughout the current range of each taxon in England, Scotland,Wales and the Isle of Man.

If a taxon is less threatened in Wales than it is in Britain (it has a lower category of threatthan in Britain or is even classified as Least Concern in Wales), the Welsh population muststill be regarded as a critically important component of the British population anddeserves full protection in Wales with appropriate conservation measures. This is becauseit represents a part of the whole British population that has more chance of surviving andrecovering than the British population as a whole. Should the British population outsideWales continue to decline, the Welsh population will become increasingly important,again regardless of its status within Wales. Should the Welsh population begin to decline,the species will be regarded as even more threatened in Britain as a whole.

Taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Britain should naturally beconsidered as priorities for conservation within Wales.



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3. Coverage3.1 Taxonomic coverageThis Red Data List includes all lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologists(the latter indicated by [F] after the Latin name). Insufficient is known about thedistribution and status of most subspecific taxa and they have mostly been omitted fromconsideration in this report. Most lichenicolous fungi have also been excluded pendingfurther study, though clearly when a fungus is known to be confined to a particular lichenspecies that is itself threatened, this report must provide useful information on its status.

The taxonomy mostly follows The Lichens of Britain and Ireland, Smith et al (2009).

3.2 Geographic coverageThis Red Data List covers the country of Wales, including the 13 vice-counties ofMonmouthshire, Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Radnorshire, Carmarthenshire,Pembrokeshire, Cardiganshire, Montgomeryshire, Merionethshire, Caernarvonshire,Denbighshire, Flintshire and Anglesey.



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4. Data sourcesAs with the British Red Data Lists, this analysis used data from the British LichenSociety’s distributional databases and the draft threatened lichens database. These datawere used as a basis for the analysis of decline used in IUCN threat criterion A, which forthe purpose of this study looks exclusively at levels of decline in distribution or area ofoccupancy (AOO).

Other IUCN criteria (B, C and D) examine the current number of sites, populations orindividuals in the area being considered. Criteria B and C also require evidence of anyongoing decline. For these criteria, detailed up-to-date site data were sought from BLSVice-County recorders, site managers and consultants who have prepared reports on sites.In such cases, the most recent record was sought for each site, along with populationinformation and a judgement of whether any population decline is underway based onrecent records (mostly 1987-2007). IUCN threat categories for criteria B, C and D in thisstudy are therefore based on the most up-to-date and detailed information available.

The judgement of site population decline is perhaps the most difficult to make given thepaucity of monitoring data for many taxa and there is much room for improvedmonitoring of many taxa. Some taxa will be allocated a lower category of threat (basedon population size alone) because monitoring data is not available. For some lichenspecies there is a problem in identifying a mature individual as required if use is to bemade of parts of criteria B, C and D. Irregular extensive patches of a species may be theresult of the coalescence of a number of individuals. Conversely a large rapidly growingindividual may die out in the centre leaving several separated segments of the thallus tocontinue to grow. This change could be viewed as the expansion of a population that inreality may be undergoing a decline. Couple this dilemma with the threat faced by allthose individuals that occur on a single tree or rock where a single event, such as thespread of ivy or the collapse of the tree or exfoliation of part of a rock face, may eliminatethe entire population, it seemed sensible to reinterpret criterion D and equate anindividual with a single tree or rock outcrop.



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5. Application of IUCN criteria5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level The standard IUCN Red Data List Categories (IUCN 2001) are used with the followingmodifications to take account of the regional nature of this analysis:

Taxa extinct within Wales but extant in other parts of the world are classified asRegionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that the lastindividual in the region has died or a species has not been seen since 1960. In this report,taxa extinct in Britain as a whole are classified as EX, while those extinct in Wales but stillpresent elsewhere in Great Britain are classified as RE. The list of extinctions for Walestherefore includes both EX and RE taxa.

5.2 Treating Wales as a regionConsiderable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application of standardIUCN criteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any sub globalgeographically defined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Providedthat the regional population being assessed is isolated from conspecific populationsoutside the region, the IUCN Red Data List Criteria (IUCN, 2001) can be used withoutmodification within any geographically defined area.

However, when the criteria are applied to part of a population defined by a geopoliticalborder, as in the case of Wales sharing a border with England, the threshold values listedunder each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not thesame as the whole population or subpopulation. As a result, the estimate of extinctionrisk may be inaccurate.

In order to take this into account, we need to ask whether the Welsh populationexperiences any significant immigration of viable propagules from England (Figure 1). Ifnot (or it is unknown), there is no change in the Welsh IUCN category. If, however, it isknown or appears likely that viable propagules are entering Wales from England, theWelsh IUCN category is downgraded by one level provided that the GB population is stableor increasing. If the British population is decreasing, though, the Welsh IUCN categoryremains the same (further modification of the category can take place if the Welshpopulation is acting as a sink, but it has not been possible to determine this). The level ofpropagule immigration is almost impossible to assess. However, an attempt has beenmade to determine how likely immigration is by a consideration of the proximity ofthreatened Welsh taxa to English populations.

The threat category of Welsh taxa where the entire population is close to Englishpopulations may therefore be downgraded by one category if the British population isLeast Concern. If, however, the British population is threatened, the Welsh IUCN categoryremains unaltered. In practice until recently so much of the English border in both northand south Wales was so affected by atmospheric pollution there were few lichens



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available to colonize Wales. Those few species that might fall into this category also tendto occur on man-made substrates in Wales such as memorials in churchyards or even tofall into a category well-understood within higher plants but as yet not developed toencompass lichens – that of a species of casual occurrence. The thinking still needs to bedeveloped to prioritize our actions with respect to these species, for which Wales maynever have been part of their natural range.

Threatened Welsh taxon withpopulation close to English

population and taxon has a highdynamism score

Immigration over entire Welsh range likely?

No change to status category

Threatened in GB or endemic ornear endemic?

No change to status category

Downgrade Welsh status category by one level

No / unknown

Yes

Yes

No

Figure 1. Chart used to determine whether any changes to the Welsh threat categorywere necessary due to potential immigration from England (adapted from IUCN, 2003)

5.3 IUCN categories in Wales Apart from the modifications given in sections 5.1 and 5.2 above, the standard IUCNcategories and criteria (IUCN, 2001) have been used to produce this Red Data List. Thismeans that the same thresholds used to determine categories in the British Red Data Listhave been used for Wales, and the lists are therefore directly comparable. Because of this,a detailed treatment of how each criterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readersare referred to Woods and Coppins (2003) and its subsequent editions for furtherinformation. The following, however, gives a brief summary of the categories and criteriaused here.

EXTINCT (EX)A taxon is presumed extinct when surveys in known and/or expected habitat throughoutits historic range have failed to record an individual. For this evaluation, a period of 50years is generally used, providing there have been reasonable attempts to re-discover thespecies concerned.


CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR), ENDANGERED (EN) OR VULNERABLE (VU)Taxa are considered to be Critically Endangered , Endangered or Vulnerable when any one of the following criteria are met.

A Decline in population size based on any of 1–4. CR EN VU

1) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes of decline are understood, have ceased and are clearly reversible. >90% >70% >50%

2) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes of decline have not ceased or are >80% >50% >30%not understood or are not reversible.

3) % decline projected to occur in future. >80% >50% >30%

4) % decline over last 50–100 years added to projected future decline where the cause of decline has not ceased. >80% >50% >30%

B Geographic range either as B1 (extent) or B2 (area occupied)

1) Range less than given amount and estimates indicate at least two of the following :- 100 km2 5000 km2 20,000 km2

a) Severely fragmented range or known from no more than the given number of locations. 1 5 10

b) Decline in extent, area &/or quality of habitat, number of populations - - -and/or individuals.

c) Extreme fluctuations in extent, area of occupancy or number of locations - - -or mature individuals.

2) Area of occupancy estimated to be less than given area, and estimates indicating at least two of a–c. 10 km2 500 km2 2000 km2

a) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than a given number of locations. 1 5 10

b) Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in any of the following: - - -i) extent of occurrenceii) area of occurrenceiii) area, extent &/or quality of habitativ) number of locations or subpopulationsv) number of individuals

c) Extreme fluctuations in any of the following: - - -i) extent of occurrenceii) area of occurrenceiii) number of locations or subpopulationsiv) number of individuals


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C Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number of individuals CR EN VU(an individual generally taken to be tree number for epiphytic species or discrete units of rock for epilithic taxa) and either:- 250 2500 10,000

1) An estimated continuing decline of the given percentage in up to the last 100 years or 25% 20% 10%

2) An estimated decline observed or inferred in number of individuals (see above for definition of individual) and at least one of the following:-

a) Population structure in form of one of the following:-i) no sub population estimated to contain more than the given number of

mature individuals or 50 250 1000

ii) at least the given % of mature individuals in one subpopulation. 90% 95% 100%

b) Extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals (see above for definition - - -of individual).

D Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number of mature individuals (see above for definition) (D or D1). Or in the case of species considered for Vulnerable status, its population occupying a very restricted area (typically 5 or fewer locations) so rendering it vulnerable to extinction (D2). 50 250 1000

E Probability of extinction is at least the given % within the next 100 years. 50% 20% 10%

Table 1. Criteria used in Wales for evaluating species and deciding on their IUCN Red Listcategory

NEAR THREATENED (NT)A taxon is Near Threatened when it is has been evaluated against the criteria but does notqualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifyingfor or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.

LEAST CONCERN (LC)A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does notqualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened.Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.

DATA DEFICIENT (DD)A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, orindirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or populationstatus. Whilst Data Deficient could be considered not to be a category of threat, inpractice it must be a matter of grave concern that a threat status cannot be assigned.Some of these species could be critically endangered. Consequently a high priorityshould be attached to securing resources to further investigate these species.

NOT EVALUATED (NE)A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. Therecan be many reasons for this. Often it is due to some taxonomic issue.



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6. Explanation of theWales Red Data ListThe columns that appear in the Lichen Red Data List are described below.

6.1 Species listedAll lichen species reported from Wales are listed in the two Taxon columns. Thedefinition of lichen is not always clear-cut and some non-lichenized fungi are includedwhere they form part of a genus with mostly lichenized species and have beentraditionally studied by lichenologists. An [F] after the name identifies such fungi. Dueto a paucity of information lichenicolous fungi have mostly been excluded thoughspecies that commence life as lichenicolous species to later establish themselves asindependent lichens are included.

6.2 Wales Red List threat status and criteriaThe IUCN threat category for Wales is given in the Wales Red List Threat Status column.The criterion under which each threatened taxon qualifies is given in the Criteria column.For more details on how the categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU(Vulnerable), NT (Near Threatened) and LC (Least Concern) were applied and the criteriaused, see Woods and Coppins (2003, pp 29-31) and section 5.3 above.

6.3 British Red List threat statusThe threat category of the species in Britain is given in the British Red List Threat Statuscolumn and mostly follows Woods and Coppins (2003). There are a few updated species.The reasons for such changes will be published shortly by JNCC in a revision of thisdocument.

6.4 RarityBy reference to the British Lichen Society’s hectad data base all those species recordedfrom England, Scotland, Wales and the Isle of Man in fewer than 15 hectads of the OSNational Grid are noted as nationally rare (NR) whilst those recorded from 16 to 100hectads are noted as being nationally scarce (NS). This follows the convention adoptedfor higher plants and ferns. Interpreting this data requires care. Recording is incompletefor part of the country and species may be included that are common in a particularhabitat, though the habitat itself may be nationally rare or scarce.



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6.5 National/international responsibilityAn “IR” placed in this column indicates that populations of this species in Britain areconsidered by Woods & Coppins (2003) to be of international importance, generally onaccount of their abundance in Britain compared to the rest of the world. An “E” indicatesthis species is endemic to Britain and Ireland, occurring nowhere else in the world.

6.6 Edge of British range in WalesTaxa that reach the edge of their British range in Wales are identified in this column. Theedge of range in question is indicated by “N”, “S”, and “W”, where “S” indicates that thetaxon reaches its southern limit in Wales, and so on.

6.7 Proportion of British populationThis column records the percentage of hectads in Wales compared to the total hectads forBritain that the species occupies using data from the British Lichen Society’s AtlasDatabase. Only those species for which Wales has 20% or more of the total British hectadrecords are included. Although crude, this provides an indication of how much of theBritish resource is located within Wales.

6.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42speciesWithin this column are listed with a “P” all those species that possess a NationalBiodiversity Action Plan. An asterisk indicates a species that is listed on Section 42 of theNatural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) as being a species of principalimportance in Wales.

6.9 Schedule 8 speciesAll species listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) that occur inWales are identified in this column by the abbreviation “S8”.


7.2 Taxa extinct in WalesOut of the total of 1316 taxa evaluated from Wales 22 taxa (2%) are thought to have becomeextinct. This is similar to the percentage extinction for mainland Britain. Table 3 below gives the list of extinctions for Wales with the Vice-county and last year eachtaxon was recorded.Whether all of these species are really extinct in Wales must be the subject of some debate. Aspecies such as Thelocarpon intermediellum is a short lived casual and may occur overlookedin other sites. The one boulder on which it was reported was removed from the road verge.Species such as Tomasellia diffusa may still occur on the smooth bark of alder twigs. This isconsidered to be a normally rather unproductive habitat by most lichenologists and one rarelysearched with diligence. In contrast mature elm trees, the habitat of Collema fragrans andBacidia subincompta in Wales, have largely been felled following their death due to Dutch elmdisease, so their loss is probably genuine. It is also most likely that species have been lost due to atmospheric pollution throughout theyears of the industrial revolution. By the 1960s large areas of south and north east Wales were


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7. Analysis7.1 Comparison of Welsh and British Red Data ListsWales, despite being only 11% of the land area of Britain (ie England, Scotland and Wales),has at one time supported 71% of the total British lichen flora. Table 2 compares thenumber of species in each threat category between Britain and Wales. Whilst there is somecomfort in the similar percentages of critically endangered and endangered lichens inWales compared to Britain, the significantly larger percentage of vulnerable species is acause of grave concern. This extra degree of vulnerability may to some extent be due tosmall population sizes partly created by the relatively small size of Wales. There is,however no doubt that anthropogenic factors have played a large part in reducingpopulation sizes. Atmospheric pollution by the 1970s had wiped out most of the nativelichen floras from all of south and northeast Wales and grossly affected large parts ofcentral Wales. This, coupled with wholesale woodland fellings, particularly from the late1700s through to the Second World War, decimated ancient woodland lichen communities.

Britain WalesNo. of taxa % of total No. of taxa % of total

Extinct (EX) GB, (EX+RE)Wales 31 2 22 2Critically Endangered (CR) 42 2 28 2Endangered (EN) 34 2 24 2Vulnerable (VU) 105 6 156 12Near Threatened (NT) 205 11 131 10Data Deficient (DD) 249 14 152 12Least Concern (LC) 1168 64 803 61Total evaluated 1834 1316

Table 2. Number and proportion of taxa in each Red Data List category in Britain and Wales.



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GB Taxon Wales Year last Vice-county Main habitatRed Red recorded last recorded in WalesList ListNE Arthonia punctilliformis [F] EX ? Caerns Holly barkEX Arthothelium spectabile EX 1960 Merioneth Smooth tree barkEX Bacidea polychroa EX 1881 Anglesey Mature tree barkEX Calicium quercinum EX c.1840 Merioneth Oak trunksEX Chaenotheca phaeocephala EX 2005 Radnor Oak weather boardsEX Placythium anemoideum EX 1957 Glamorgan Limestone shingleEX Staurothele rufa EX 1964 Glamorgan Old limestone quarryNT Acarospora macrocarpa RE 1886 Merioneth Not knownVU Bacidia subincompta RE 1983 Brecknock Elm barkCR Bryoria smithii RE 1960 Merioneth Upland acid rockCR Catapyrenium psoromoides RE 1924 Merioneth Basic rock outcrop & wallLC Cetraria ericetorum RE 1881 Caerns Upland heath?EN Collema fragrans RE 1986 Radnor Elm barkDD Dictyonema interruptum RE 1995 Brecknock Upland rock outcropDD Lecidea commaculans RE 1871 Caerns Rhyolite outcropLC Miriquidica complanata RE ? Caerns Moist montane rocksVU Pertusaria pustulata RE c.1870 Merioneth Young ash treeLC Placynthium tantaleum RE 1875 Merioneth Mortar of bridge wallVU Poeltinula cerebrina RE pre1960 Merioneth Limestone outcropsVU Pyrenula coryl [F] RE 1877 Merioneth Hazel barkLC Thelocarpon intermediellum RE 1983 Radnor Boulder topLC Tomasellia diffusua [F] RE 1871 Caerns Alder branch bark

Table 3. The 22 taxa that have become extinct in Wales, along with the Vice-county andlast year each taxon was recorded and their Red Data List status in Britain and Wales.Extinct (EX) taxa have been lost from the British and Welsh flora, Regionally Extinct (RE)taxa have been lost from Wales but occur elsewhere in Britain. [F] indicates this species isa fungus traditionally studied by lichenologists.

almost entirely devoid of lichens. Unfortunately so little recording took place in these areasbefore the industrial revolution that any losses went unrecorded. The most recent loss is dueto a demise of ancient weather boarded barns. The last known site for Chaenothecaphaeocephala was on a barn now on the point of collapse. Elsewhere timber preservativetreatment prevents colonisation. This is most notably seen in the widespread use of tanalisedsoftwood as a replacement for untreated hardwood. The Tir Gofal farm conservation schemefailed to take the requirements of these species into account and has funded the recladdingof a number of old barns in entirely unsuitable materials. Ancient hardwood weatherboardswere probably a very satisfactory substitute for the ancient limbs of slowly decaying treesthat may well have been the original natural habitat of this lichen and one now almost lostfrom Britain.



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It should also be noted that other species could be added to the list. Melanelia stygia hasnot been refound in its only Welsh locality despite two recent searches. It is still justpossible that the one rather inconspicuous rock on which it occurred was somehowmissed. Pannaria rubiginosa and Gomphillus calycioides do not appear to have been seenanywhere in Wales in the last three decades.

7.3 Taxa “doing better” in WalesBecause identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in bothBritain and Wales, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxa arefaring. Some are “doing better” in Wales (in other words, they are less threatened inWales than they are in Britain), while others are “doing worse” (they are more threatenedin Wales than Britain).

As you would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only afew taxa that are doing better in Wales (Table 4).

Taxon GB Red Wales RedList List

Cladonia peziziformis CR NTProtoparmeliopsis achariana CR ENPorina effiliata CR ENCryptolechia carneolutea EN VUHeterodermia leucomela EN VUStereocaulon symphycheilum EN VUCollema fragile VU NTProtoparmelia atriseda VU NTGyalecta flotowii NT LCLeptogium palmatum NT LCUsnea florida NT LC

Table 4. The ten taxa that are “doing better” in Wales compared to Britain, arranged bydecreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (CR, EN, VU) ornear threatened (NT) in Britain, but have a lower threat category or are least concern (LC)in Wales.

The most noteworthy difference in threat status is that of Cladonia peziziformis. Thislichen is a colonist of recently burnt coastal heathland where it is rapidly replaced byother species. It has not been seen in England since 1968 yet has been found 5 times inrecent years in Wales in considerable quantities in most sites. The remaining speciesdiffer in only a single category, the difference in the main reflecting a steady increase inrecent years in the number of their sites or the size of their populations.



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7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in WalesThe 235 taxa that are more threatened in Wales than they are in Britain are listed in Table5. Because Wales is a smaller area than Britain, many taxa are naturally more threatenedthan they are in Britain under criteria B, C and D (limited number of individuals orpopulations). Couple this with the damaging effects of twentieth century sulphur dioxidepollution and now the continued impact of acid rain and rising ammonia levels, sowidespread in Wales, that whole sui s of sensitive species have been pushed to the brinkof extinction in Wales yet remain so frequent in the Western Highlands of Scotland as tocause their British conservation assessment to be that of “Least Concern”. Species ofLobaria, Pannaria, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Parmeliella are, for example, all doingworse in Wales.

Taxon GB WalesRed Red List List

Biatoridium monasteriense EN CRCaloplaca flavorubescens EN CRCaloplaca luteoalba EN CREndocarpon adscendens EN CRStrigula stigmatella var. stigmatella EN CRBacidia incompta VU CRBiatoridium delitescens VU CRCaloplaca luteoalba VU CRPeltigera venosa VU CRPhyscia tribacioides VU CRPseudocyphellaria lacerata VU CRPyrenula hibernica VU CRVestergrenopsis elaeina VU CRBuellia hyperbolica VU ENCollema dichotomum VU ENGraphina pauciloculata VU ENLecanographa amylacea VU ENSticta canariensis independ. green morph. VU ENXanthoparmelia tinctina VU ENCollema parvum VU VUBiatora globulosa NT CRBlarneya hibernica NT CRCollema fasciculare NT CRMelanelia stygia NT CRParmeliella testacea NT CRPseudocyphellaria intricata NT CRStrangospora microhaema NT CRStrigula thelopsidoides NT CRByssoloma subdiscordans NT ENChaenotheca chlorella NT ENEndocarpon pusillum NT ENFuscopannaria sampaiana NT ENGomphillus calycioides NT ENGyalidea fritzei NT ENLeptogium subtorulosum NT ENSporastatia polyspora NT EN


te


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Sporastatia testudinea NT ENGyalecta foveolaris NT EN Porina interjungens NT NTAcarospora badiofusca NT VUAgonimia octospora NT VUArthonia zwackhii NT VUCatillaria aphana NT VUChaenothecopsis savonica NT VUCollema nigrescens NT VUCladonia uncialis uncialis NT VUCollema occultatum NT VUDirina massiliensis f. massiliensis NT VUHeterodermia japonica NT VULecanora horiza NT VULecanora quercicola NT VULemmopsis arnoldiana NT VULempholemma cladodes NT VULempholemma intricatum NT VULempholemma radiatum NT VULeptogium brebissonii NT VULeptogium massiliense NT VUMegalospora tuberculosa NT VUMegaspora verrucosa NT VUMiriquidica lulensis NT VUMycomicrothelia atlantica NT VUOpegrapha prosodea NT VUPhaeographis lyellii NT VUParmelinopsis minarum NT VUPhyscia clementei NT VUPlacynthium asperellum NT VUPlacynthium pannariellum NT VUPolyblastia efflorescens NT VUPolyblastia terrestris NT VUPorina curnowii NT VUPorina hibernica NT VUProtothelenella sphinctrinoides NT VUPterygiopsis coracodiza NT VUPterygiopsis lacustris NT VURamonia dictyospora NT VURinodina milvina NT VUStereocaulon delisei NT VUStereocaulon glareosum NT VUStereocaulon plicatile NT VUStereocaulon tornense NT VUThelopsis melathelia NT VUThermutis velutina NT VUUsnea articulata NT VUWadeana dendrographa NT VUSyncesia myrticola NT VULobaria scrobiculata LC CRPannaria rubiginosa LC CRPseudocyphellaria norvegica LC CRLecanographa lyncea LC ENLobaria virens LC EN



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Absconditella trivialis LC NTAcrocordia macrospora LC NTAgonimia allobata LC NTAinoa mooreana LC NTAmygdalaria consentiens LC NTAnisomeridium robustum LC NTArthonia anombrophila LC NTArthonia vinosa LC NTArthopyrenia cerasi LC NTBacidia biatorina LC NTBactrospora corticola LC NTBelonia incarnata LC NTBiatora chrysantha LC NTBuellia erubescens LC NTBunodophoron melanocarpum LC NTCatillaria scotinodes LC NTCetraria islandica ssp. islandica LC NTCetrelia olivetorum s. lat. LC NTChrysothrix chlorina LC NTCladonia incrassata LC NTCladonia rangiferina LC NTCollema furfuraceum LC NTCollema glebulentum LC NTCresponea premnea LC NTDermatocarpon leptophyllodes LC NTDermatocarpon meiophyllizum LC NTDimerella lutea LC NTDiploschistes gypsaceus LC NTFuscidea intercincta LC NTHymenelia epulotica LC NTHypocenomyce friesii LC NTHypotrachyna sinuosa LC NTHypotrachyna taylorensis LC NTLecanactis latebrarum LC NTLecanora subaurea LC NTLeptogium britannicum LC NTLeptogium cyanescens LC NTMegalaria grossa LC NTMelanelia commixta LC NTMelanelia disjuncta LC NTMoelleropsis nebulosa LC NTMycobilimbia epixanthoides LC NTMycobilimbia pilularis LC NTNephroma laevigatum LC NTNephroma parile LC NTOchrolechia frigida f. frigida LC NTPachyphiale carneola LC NTPannaria conoplea LC NTParmeliella parvula LC NTParmeliella triptophylla LC NTParmotrema crinitum LC NTPeltigera britannica LC NTPeltigera collina LC NTPertusaria coronata LC NT



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Phyllopsora rosei LC NTPhysconia perisidiosa LC NTPolychidium muscicola LC NTPorina coralloidea LC NTProtothelenella corrosa LC NTPsora decipiens LC NTPsorotichia schaereri LC NTPunctelia reddenda LC NTPycnothelia papillaria LC NTRhaphidicyrtis trichosporella LC NTRimularia gyrizans LC NTSchismatomma quercicola LC NTSolorina spongiosa LC NTStereocaulon condensatum LC NTStereocaulon leucophaeopsis LC NTSticta limbata LC NTSticta sylvatica LC NTThelidium pluvium LC NTThelopsis rubella LC NTThelotrema lepadinum LC NTTuckermanopsis chlorophylla LC NTUmbilicaria proboscidea LC NTVahliella leucophaea LC NTVezdaea acicularis LC NTAlectoria nigricans LC VUAllantoparmelia alpicola LC VUArthonia ligniariella LC VUArthonia mediella LC VUArthopyrenia carneobrunneola LC VUBacidia absistens LC VUBelonia russula LC VUBryoria bicolor LC VUBryoria chalybeiformis LC VUBryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens LC VUCatillaria contristans LC VUCetraria sepincola LC VUChaenotheca brachypoda LC VUChaenotheca stemonea LC VUCladonia macrophylla LC VUCladonia sulphurina LC VUCoccotrema citrinescens LC VUDegelia atlantica LC VUDegelia plumbea LC VUFrutidella caesioatra LC VUFuscopannaria mediterranea LC VUIonaspis odora LC VUKoerberiella wimmeriana LC VULecanora cenisia var. cenisia LC VULecidea silacea LC VULempholemma botryosum LC VULeptogium burgessii LC VULeptogium tenuissimum LC VULeptorhaphis atomaria LC VULobaria amplissima LC VU



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Lobaria pulmonaria LC VUMelanelia hepatizon LC VUMenegazzia terebrata LC VUMicarea marginata LC VUMicarea pseudomarginata LC VUMicrocalicium ahlneri LC VUMicrocalicium disseminatum LC VUMiriquidica atrofulva LC VUMycoblastus affinis LC VUNormandina acroglypta LC VUOpegrapha fumosa LC VUOrphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis LC VUPeltigera polydactylon LC VUPertusaria amarescens LC VUPertusaria chiodectonoides LC VUPertusaria dactylina LC VUPertusaria monogona LC VUPlacynthiella hyporhoda LC VUPlacynthium flabellosum LC VUProtoblastenia siebenhaariana LC VUProtoparmelia montagnei LC VUProtothelenella sphinctrinoidella LC VUPsoroma hypnorum LC VUPyrenula laevigata LC VUPyrenula occidentalis LC VURhizocarpon anaperum LC VURhizocarpon badioatrum LC VU Rinodina fimbriata LC VURopalospora lugubris f. lugubris LC VUSchismatomma cretaceum LC VUSchismatomma niveum LC VUStaurothele hymenogonia LC VUSticta canariensis / dufourii LC VUSticta fuliginosa LC VUStrigula jamesii LC VUStrigula phaea LC VUStrigula stigmatella var. alpestris LC VUThelidium fontigenum LC VUThelidium impressum LC VUThelidium papulare f. sorediatum LC VUToninia fusispora LC VUXylographa parallela LC VU

Table 5. The 241 taxa that are “doing worse” in Wales than they are in Britain, arrangedby decreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (EN, VU) ornear threatened (NT) in Britain but have a higher threat category in Wales, or if they areLeast Concern (LC) in Britain but are threatened or near threatened in Wales. Taxa thatare threatened in Britain but extinct in Wales (EX or RE) are excluded (see section 7.2).


Table 6. Taxa that reach the northern edge of their British distribution in Wales.


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7.5 Taxa reaching the edge of their range in WalesMany taxa reach the northern or southern edges of their British ranges in Wales (Tables 6& 7). It is becoming increasingly important to identify such species in order to selectpriorities for conservation and for monitoring the impacts of climate change. Small,edge-of-range populations of species that might be vulnerable to change are particularlyimportant, as they may be genetically distinct.Of species at the northernmost edge of their range in Wales listed in Table 6,Parmelinopsis minarum and Parmelina carporrhizans may both have shown a genuinenortherly extension to their ranges in recent years. Perhaps of greater conservationconcern are the larger numbers of montane and sub-montane species that occur in tinypopulations at the southernmost edge of their range in Wales and comprise a largeelement of Table 7. They may be particularly vulnerable to a warming climate.

Taxon Wales Red List

Arthonia astroidestera NTArthonia atlantica NTBlarneya hibernica CRByssoloma subdiscordans ENHeterodermia leucomela VULecanora ochroidea LCMelaspilea amota [F] DDOpegrapha prosodea VUParmelina carporrhizans VUParmelinopsis horrescens NTParmelinopsis minarum VUParmotrema robustum CRPertusaria velata VUPhaeographis inusta LCPorina curnowii VUProtoparmelia montagnei VURinodina biloculata VURoccella fuciformis NTRoccella phycopsis NTSyncesia myrticola VUTeloschistes flavicans VU



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Acarospora badiofusca VUAcarospora benedarensis DDAgonimia repleta DDAinoa mooreana NTAlectoria nigricans VUAllantoparmelia alpicola VUAmygdalaria consentiens NTAmygdalaria pelobotryon LCArthopyrenia carneobrunneola VUAspicilia intermutans DDAspicilia recedens DDAtla wheldonii NTBacidia carneoglauca LCBacidia subincompta REBaeomyces carneus DDBelonia russula VUBiatora globulosa CRBiatoridium delitescens CRBiatoridium monasteriense CRBuellia uberior DDCaloplaca obliterans LCCaloplaca scopularis NTCarbonea vorticosa DDCatillaria contristans VUCatillaria scotinodes NTCatillaria subviridis DDCetraria ericetorum RECetraria sepincola VUCladonia borealis DDCladonia crispata crispata DDCladonia rangiferina NTCladonia stygia VUCladonia sulphurina VUCoccotrema citrinescens VUCollema fasciculare NTCollema glebulentum NTCollema undulatum var. undulatum DDDermatocarpon rivulorum DDEpigloea bactrospora DDFellhanera duplex DDFrutidella caesioatra VUFuscidea austera DDFuscidea intercincta NTFuscidea mollis VUGomphillus calycioides ENGyalecta foveolaris ENGyalidea fritzei ENHymenelia heteromorpha VUHypocenomyce friesii NTIonaspis chrysophana VUIonaspis odora VUJamesiella scotica DDKoerberiella wimmeriana VULecanora achariana ENLecanora caesiosora DD



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Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VULecanora rupicola var. efflorens DDLecidea berengeriana VULecidea endomelaena NTLecidea promixta LCLecidea silacea VULecidea swartzioidea LCLecidoma demissum LCLempholemma cladodes VULempholemma intricatum VULempholemma radiatum VULeptogium subtorulosum ENLeptorhaphis atomaria [F] VUMelanelia commixta NTMelanelia stygia CRMelaspilea granitophila LCMelaspilea interjecta DDMicarea hedlundii NTMicarea marginata VUMicarea submilliaria VUMicarea ternaria DDMicarea turfosa VUMiriquidica atrofulva VUMiriquidica complanata f. complanata REMiriquidica lulensis VUMiriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LCMycoblastus affinis VUMycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VUOchrolechia frigida f. frigida NTOchrolechia inaequatula DDOrphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VUPeltigera britannica NTPeltigera degenii LCPeltigera elizabethae NTPeltigera venosa CRPertusaria excludens LCPlacynthium asperellum VUPlacynthium dolichoterum VUPlacynthium flabellosum VUPlacynthium pannariellum VUPolyblastia efflorescens VUPolyblastia inumbrata DDPolyblastia melaspora LCPolyblastia philaea DDPolyblastia quartzina VUPolyblastia terrestris VUPorina byssophila VUPorina grandis VUPorocyphus leptogiella NTPorpidia melinodes LCPorpidia superba f. superba NT?Porpidia superba f. sorediata NT?Protoblastenia siebenhaariana VUProtoparmelia atriseda NTProtothelenella corrosa NT



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Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella VUProtothelenella sphinctrinoides VUPseudocyphellaria intricata CRPseudocyphellaria lacerata CRPseudocyphellaria norvegica CRPyrenopsis grumulifera DDPyrenopsis impolita DDPyrenopsis subareolata LCPyrenula hibernica CRRamalina polymorpha NTRhizocarpon alpicola LCRhizocarpon amphibium DDRhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DDRhizocarpon caesium DDRhizocarpon cinereovirens NTRhizocarpon geminatum DDRhizocarpon intermediellum VURhizocarpon submodestum DDRhizocarpon superficiale VURinodina milvina VURopalospora lugubris f. lugubris VUSchaereria corticola CRStereocaulon glareosum VUStereocaulon tornense VUStrangospora microhaema CRStrigula stigmatella var. alpestris VUStrigula thelopsidoides CRTephromela pertusarioides DDThamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VUThelidium papulare f. sorediatum VUThelidium pluvium NTThelocarpon impressellum LCThelopsis melathelia VUTomasellia diffusa [F] RE?Toninia fusispora VUUmbilicaria hirsuta NTUmbilicaria proboscidea NTVerrucaria pachyderma DDVestergrenopsis elaeina CRVezdaea acicularis NTXylographa parallela VU

Table 7. Taxa that reach the southern edge of their British distribution in Wales


Bacidia adastra LCBiatora britannica DDBuellia badia LCPleurosticta acetabulum DD

Table 8. Taxa that reach the westernmost edge of their British distribution in Wales



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7.6 Species for which Wales has a particularresponsibilityWoods & Coppins (2003) consider that where the British population of any taxon exceeds10% of the total world population Britain has an international responsibility towards theconservation of that taxon. They are listed in Table 9. Where that species is endemic orprobably endemic to Britain and Ireland it is shown in bold type.


Blarneya hibernica CRCollema fasciculare CRLobaria scrobiculata CRPannaria rubiginosa CRParmeliella testacea CRPseudocyphellaria intricata CRPseudocyphellaria lacerata CRPseudocyphellaria norvegica CRPyrenula hibernica CRStrangospora microhaema CRFuscopannaria sampaiana ENGomphillus calycioides ENGraphina pauciloculata ENLecanographa amylacea ENLecanographa lyncea ENLobaria virens ENSticta canariensis independ. green morph. ENAgonimia octospora VUArthopyrenia carneobrunneola VUCryptolechia carneolutea VUDegelia atlantica VUDegelia ligulata VUDegelia plumbea VUHeterodermia leucomela VULecanora quercicola VULeptogium brebissonii VULeptogium burgessii VULeptogium cochleatum VULobaria amplissima VULobaria pulmonaria VUMegalospora tuberculosa VUMenegazzia terebrata VUMicarea pseudomarginata VUOpegrapha fumosa VUOpegrapha prosodea VUPertusaria velata VUPhaeographis lyellii VUPorina hibernica VUPyrenula laevigata VUPyrenula occidentalis VURamonia dictyospora VU



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Schismatomma cretaceum VUSchismatomma graphidioides VUSchismatomma niveum VUStereocaulon delisei VUStereocaulon plicatile VUSticta canariensis / dufourii VUSticta fuliginosa VUSyncesia myrticola VUUsnea articulata VUWadeana dendrographa VUMelaspilea lentiginosa NEAgonimia wheldonii NTArthonia anombrophila NTArthonia astroidestra NTArthonia atlantica NTAtla wheldonii NTCresponea premnea NTHypotrachyna sinuosa NTHypotrachyna taylorensis NTLecania chlorotiza NTLecanora sublivescens NTLeptogium britannicum NTLeptogium cyanescens NTMicarea pycnidiophora NTNephroma laevigatum NTPannaria conoplea NTParmeliella parvula NTParmeliella triptophylla NTParmelinopsis horrescens NTPeltigera britannica NTPeltigera collina NTPhyllopsora rosei NTPorina coralloidea NTPorina rosei NTPtychographa xylographoides NTRamonia chrysophaea NTRinodina isidioides NTSchismatomma quercicola NTSticta limbata NTSticta sylvatica NTThelocarpon magnussonii NTAcarospora benedarensis DDCaloplaca britannica DDCaloplaca ferruginea DDCryptothele rhodosticta DDEopyrenula avellanae DDJamesiella scotica DDMelaspilea interjecta DDMicarea lgnaria endoleuca DDNephroma tangeriense DDPertusaria ophthalmiza DDRamalina portuensis DDThelocarpon opertum DDUsnea esperantiana DDUsnea glabrata DD



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Wadeana minuta DDAnisomeridium viridescens LCArthonia ilicina LCCalicium lenticulare LCEopyrenula grandicula LCGraphina ruiziana LCGyalideopsis muscicola LCHypotrachyna endochlora LCLecanactis subabietinum LCMicarea alabastrites LCMicarea stipitata LCMicarea synotheoides LCMicarea xanthonica LCOpegrapha corticola LCOpegrapha saxigena LCOpegrapha xerica LCPhaeographis inusta LCPolyblastia agraria LCRamalina fraxinea LCRinodina roboris var. roboris LCSchismatomma umbrinum LCStenocybe septata [F] LCStrigula taylorii LC

Table 9. Species with British populations of international importance.

A very crude assessment of responsibility within Britain has also been made bycomparing the number of hectads occupied by each taxon in Wales with those in Britain.From the total British figure, a simple proportion of hectads that occur in Wales wascalculated. Where possible, adjustments have been made for hectads that straddle theEnglish-Welsh border. Any taxon for which Wales has 20% or more of the GB populationwhether threatened or not in Wales is listed in Table 10.



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Taxon Wales Red % of GB Data List Population

Placynthium hungaricum DD 100?Arthothelium spectabile EX 100Buellia spuria DD 100Cladonia alpina LC 100Cryptothele rhodosticta DD 100Epigloea filifera DD 100Gyalideopsis crenulata DD 100Lepraria nylanderiana DD 100Placynthium anemoideum EX? 100Porpidia ochrolemma DD 100Staurothele rufa EN 100Thelocarpon saxicola DD 100Trapeliopsis aeneofusca DD 100Gyalidea subscutellaris NT 92Lecanora strobilina VU 83Protoparmelia atriseda NT 83Verrucaria pachyderma DD 82Porina byssophila VU 80Placynthiella hyporhoda VU 80Vezdaea cobria LC 80Parmotrema robustum CR 75Cladonia azorica LC 73Vezdaea acicularis NT 71Coppinsia minutissima LC 69Buellia hyperbolica EN 67Endocarpon adscendens CR 67Aspicilia intermutans DD 67Aspicilia recedens DD 67Cladonia peziziformis NT 67Lecidea endomelaena NT 67Verrucaria bulgarica LC 67Absconditella celata DD 66Bacidia fuscoviridis LC 66?Vezdaea rheocarpa LC 65Absconditella trivialis NT 63Tephromela pertusarioides DD 63Lecanora gisleriana VU 60Melaspilea interjecta DD 60Polyblastia philaea DD 60Pyrenopsis impolita DD 60Rinodina immersa DD 60Porina guentheri var. lucens LC 58Epigloea medioincrassata DD 57Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC 56Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT 56Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT 55Rhizocarpon anaperum VU 50Stereocaulon glareosum VU 50Caloplaca atroflava DD 50Cladonia norvegica DD 50Lecanora ochroidea LC 50Lichenomphalia velutina LC 50Micarea globulosella DD 50Polyblastia quartzina VU 50Ramalina polymorpha NT 50



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Rhizocarpon submodestum DD 50Rinodina conradii LC 50Schaereria corticola CR 50Thelocarpon impressellum LC 50Thelocarpon robustum DD 50Verrucaria madida DD 50Leptogium palmatum LC 49Parmelinopsis horrescens NT 49Arthonia ligniaria LC 47Lecidea swartzioidea LC 47Leptogium intermedium LC 47Lecanactis dilleniana LC 46Lecanora semipallida LC 46Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT 45Pterygiopsis lacustris VU 44Collema fragile NT 44Toninia thiopsora LC 44Anisomeridium robustum NT 43Caloplaca herbidella VU 43Gyalecta biformis VU 43Leptogium subtile LC 43Scoliciosporum curvatum LC 43Verrucaria internigrescens LC 43Caloplaca alociza LC 42Caloplaca lucifuga VU 42Ephebe hispidula DD 42Polysporina lapponica LC 42Lecidea fuliginosa LC 41Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT 41Thrombium epigaeum LC 41Degelia ligulata VU 40Protoparmeliopsis achariana EN 40Lecidea promixta LC 40Micarea farinosa DD 40Polyblastia agraria LC 40Umbilicaria hirsuta NT 40Verrucaria bryoctona LC 40Verrucaria latericola DD 40Xerotrema quercicola LC 40Collemopsidium elegans LC 39Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC 39Rimularia insularis LC 39Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU 38Caloplaca obliterans LC 38Lecania suavis DD 38Porocyphus kenmorensis NT 38Caloplaca maritima LC 37Lecanora handelii NT 37Placopsis lambii LC 37Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT 36Arthonia atlantica NT 36Leptogium diffractum NT 36Rinodina isidioides NT 36Mycoblastus affinis VU 35Steinia geophana LC 34



33


Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU 33Microcalicium ahlneri VU 33Rinodina milvina VU 33Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR 33Buellia sequax LC 33Calicium adspersum CR 33Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD 33Epigloea bactrospora DD 33Fellhanera duplex DD 33Fulgensia fulgens EN 33Fuscidea mollis VU 33Lecania nylanderiana DD 33Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD 33Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU 33Rhizocarpon superficiale VU 33Rinodina occulta NT 33Rinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT 33Thelocarpon opertum DD 33Thelocarpon superellum DD 33Usnea glabrata DD 33Thelidium pluvium NT 32Pyrenopsis subareolata LC 32Amygdalaria consentiens NT 31Absconditella delutula LC 31Lithographa tesserata LC 31Melaspilea granitophila LC 31Lecanora sublivescens NT 30Phaeographis inusta LC 30Synalissa symphorea VU 30Verrucaria calciseda LC 30Caloplaca asserigena LC 29Micarea coppinsii LC 29Placynthium tremniacum DD 29Rinodina orculariopsis LC 29Thelocarpon pallidum DD 29Porpidia melinodes LC 28Rimularia intercedens LC 28Graphina pauciloculata EN 27Miriquidica lulensis VU 27Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU 27Stereocaulon condensatum NT 27Collemopsidium orustense LC 27Micarea viridileprosa LC 27Nephroma tangeriense DD 27Porocyphus leptogiella NT 27Ramalina portuensis DD 27Lecidea ahlesii LC 26Porina ahlesiana NT 26Porocyphus coccodes LC 26Lemmopsis arnoldiana VU 25Leptogium subtorulosum EN 25Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR 25Xanthoparmelia tinctina EN 25Agonimia repleta DD 25Bacidia circumspecta VU 25



34


Caloplaca chrysophthalma DD 25Catapyrenium rufescens DD 25Collema undulatum var. granulosum DD 25Fellhanera viridisorediata DD 25Gyalidea lecideopsis EN 25Lecanora rugosella DD 25Melaspilea amota DD 25Micarea submilliaria VU 25Micarea subviridescens LC 25Parmelina quercina VU 25Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU 25Stereocaulon symphycheilum VU 25Polyblastia inumbrata DD 24Teloschistes flavicans VU 23Lecanora quercicola VU 22Collemopsidium angermannicum NT 22Rinodina flavosoralifera NT 22Stereocaulon delisei VU 21Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC 21Porina rosei NT 21Schismatomma umbrinum LC 21Collema parvum VU 20Mycomicrothelia atlantica VU 20Thelidium impressum VU 20Thermutis velutina VU 20Caloplaca irrubescens DD 20Pertusaria melanochlora EN 20Placynthium dolichoterum VU 20Placynthium subradiatum LC 20Porina grandis VU 20Rhizocarpon amphibium DD 20Rhizocarpon simillimum DD 20Rinodina aspersa NT 20Staurothele guestphalica DD 20

Table 10. Threatened Welsh taxa for which Wales has 20% or more of total GB hectads, inorder of decreasing proportion.


Taxon

Wales Red List threat status

Criteria

British Red List threat statusRarity

National/international responsibility

Edge of British range in Wales

Proportion of British population

BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)

Schedule 8 species


35

8. Lichen Red Data List for WalesSee section 6 for an explanation of the columns (page 14).

Absconditella celata DD LC NR 66Absconditella delutula LC LC NS 31Absconditella lignicola DD LC NRAbsconditella trivialis NT LC NR 63Acarospora badiofusca VU D2 NT NR SAcarospora benedarensis DD DD NR E S ?Acarospora fuscata LC LCAcarospora glaucocarpa LC LC NSAcarospora impressula LC LCAcarospora macrospora ssp. macrospora RE NT NRAcarospora nitrophila LC DD NRAcarospora rufescens DD LCAcarospora sinopica LC LCAcarospora smaragdula LC LCAcarospora umbilicata LC LC NSAcarospora veronensis LC LC NSAcarospora verruciformis DD DD NRAcrocordia conoidea LC LCAcrocordia gemmata LC LCAcrocordia macrospora NT LC NSAcrocordia salweyi LC LCAdelolecia pilati DD DD NRAgonimia allobata NT LC NSAgonimia gelatinosa LC LC NSAgonimia globulifera DD LC NS 33Agonimia octospora VU D1 NT NS IRAgonimia opuntiella DD DD NRAgonimia repleta DD DD NR 25Agonimia tristicula LC LCAinoa mooreana NT LC NS SAlectoria nigricans VU D1 LC SAllantoparmelia alpicola VU D1 LC NS SAmandinea coniops LC LC NSAmandinea lecideina LC LC ?NSAmandinea punctata LC LC


Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species


36

Amygdalaria consentiens NT LC NS S 31Amygdalaria pelobotryon LC LC SAnaptychia ciliaris ssp. ciliaris EN C2ai EN P*Anaptychia ciliaris ssp. mamillata NT NT NSAnaptychia runcinata LC LCAnisomeridium biforme LC LCAnisomeridium polypori LC LCAnisomeridium ranunculosporum LC LCAnisomeridium robustum NT LC NR ?E 43Anisomeridium viridescens LC LC NS IRArctoparmelia incurva LC LCArthonia anombrophila NT LC NS IR?Arthonia arthonioides LC LC NSArthonia astroidestera NT NT NS IR NArthonia atlantica NT NT NR ?E N 36 P*Arthonia cinnabarina LC LCArthonia didyma LC LCArthonia elegans LC LCArthonia endlicheri LC LC ?NSArthonia ilicina LC LC IRArthonia lapidicola LC LCArthonia leucopellaea LC LC NSArthonia ligniaria LC LC NS 47Arthonia ligniariella VU D1 LC NRArthonia mediella VU D1 LC NSArthonia muscigena LC LC NSArthonia phaeobaea LC LC NSArthonia pruinata LC LCArthonia punctiformis [F] LC LCArthonia punctilliformis [F] EX? NE NR EArthonia radiata LC LCArthonia spadicea LC LCArthonia stellaris LC LC NSArthonia vinosa NT LCArthonia zwackhii VU D1 NT NRArthopyrenia analepta [F] LC LCArthopyrenia atractospora DD NT NRArthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU D1 LC NS ?E SArthopyrenia cerasi [F] NT LC NSArthopyrenia cinereopruinosa [F] LC LCArthopyrenia fraxini [F] LC LC NSArthopyrenia nitescens LC LC NS ?E SArthopyrenia punctiformis [F] LC LCArthopyrenia salicis LC LCArthopyrenia saxicola LC LC NSArthothelium ruanum LC LC NSArthothelium spectabile EX EX 100Arthrorhaphis citrinella LC LCAspicilia aquatica DD DD NRAspicilia caesiocinerea LC LCAspicilia calcarea LC LC


Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species


37

Aspicilia cinerea LC LCAspicilia contorta ssp. contorta LC LCAspicilia epiglypta LC LC NSAspicilia grisea LC LCAspicilia intermutans DD DD NR S 67Aspicilia laevata LC LC NSAspicilia leprosescens LC LCAspicilia radiosa LC LCAspicilia recedens DD DD NR S 67Aspicilia subdepressa DD DD NRAtla wheldonii NT NT NS E SBacidia absistens VU D1 LCBacidia adastra LC LC NR WBacidia arceutina LC LCBacidia arnoldiana LC LCBacidia bagliettoana LC LCBacidia biatorina NT LCBacidia caligans LC LC NSBacidia carneoglauca LC LC NS SBacidia chloroticula LC LC NSBacidia circumspecta VU D1 VU NS 25 P*Bacidia delicata LC LCBacidia egenula LC LC NSBacidia friesiana VU ? D2 LC NSBacidia fuscoviridis LC LC NS 66?Bacidia herbarum VU D2 DD NSBacidia incompta CR A2 VU P*Bacidia inundata LC LCBacidia laurocerasi LC LCBacidia phacodes LC LCBacidia polychroa EX EXBacidia rubella LC LCBacidia saxenii LC LC NSBacidia scopulicola LC LCBacidia squamellosa DD LC NSBacidia subincompta RE VU NS S PBacidia trachona LC LC NSBacidia viridescens LC LC NSBacidia viridifarinosa LC LCBactrospora corticola NT LC NSBaeomyces carneus DD DD NR S?Baeomyces placophyllus LC LCBaeomyces rufus LC LCBelonia incarnata NT LC NSBelonia nidarosiensis LC LCBelonia russula VU D2 LC NS SBiatora britannica DD LC NR WBiatora chrysantha NT LC NSBiatora globulosa CR D1 NT NS SBiatora vernalis NT LC NSBiatoridium delitescens CR D1 VU NR S



38

Biatoridium monasteriense CR B1a,D EN NR S P*Bilimbia lobulata LC LCBilimbia sabuletorum LC LCBlarneya hibernica CR B1a,D NT NR IR N P*Botryolepraria lesdainii LC LCBryophagus gloeocapsa LC LC NSBryoria bicolor VU C1 LC NSBryoria chalybeiformis VU C1 LC NSBryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens VU C1 LCBryoria smithii RE? CR NR P*Bryoria subcana LC LCBuellia aethalea LC LCBuellia badia LC LC NS WBuellia disciformis LC LCBuellia erubescens NT LC NSBuellia griseovirens LC LCBuellia hyperbolica EN B1a,D VU NR 67 P*Buellia leptocline LC LC NRBuellia leptoclinoides DD LC NRBuellia ocellata LC LCBuellia pulverea LC LC NSBuellia schaereri LC LCBuellia sequax LC LC NS 33Buellia spuria DD DD NR 100Buellia stellulata LC LC ?NSBuellia subdisciformis LC LCBuellia uberior DD DD NRBunodophoron melanocarpum NT LCByssoloma marginatum LC LC NSByssoloma subdiscordans EN B1a,D NT NR NCalicium adspersum CR D1 CR NR 33 P*Calicium glaucellum LC LCCalicium lenticulare LC LC NS IRCalicium quercinum EX EXCalicium salicinum LC LCCalicium viride LC LCCaloplaca alociza LC LC NS 42Caloplaca arcis DD LC NSCaloplaca arenaria LC LC NSCaloplaca arnoldii LC LC NSCaloplaca asserigena LC LC NS 29Caloplaca atroflava DD CR NR 50 P*Caloplaca aurantia LC LCCaloplaca britannica DD DD NR ?ECaloplaca ceracea LC LCCaloplaca cerina var. cerina LC LCCaloplaca cerina var. chloroleuca DD LC NSCaloplaca cerinella LC LCCaloplaca cerinelloides DD LC NSCaloplaca chalybaea LC LC NSCaloplaca chlorina LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



39

Caloplaca chrysodeta LC LCCaloplaca cirrochroa LC LCCaloplaca citrina LC LCCaloplaca crenularia LC LCCaloplaca crenulatella LC LCCaloplaca dalmatica LC LCCaloplaca decipiens LC LCCaloplaca dichroa DD DD NRCaloplaca ferruginea DD LC IRCaloplaca flavescens LC LCCaloplaca flavocitrina LC LCCaloplaca flavorubescens CR D1 EN NS P*Caloplaca flavovirescens LC LCCaloplaca granulosa NT NT NRCaloplaca herbidella VU D2 VU NR 43 P*Caloplaca holocarpa LC LCCaloplaca irrubescens DD DD NR 20Caloplaca lactea LC LCCaloplaca littorea LC LC NSCaloplaca lucifuga VU D1 VU NR 42 P*Caloplaca luteoalba CR B2a EN NS P* S8Caloplaca marina LC LCCaloplaca maritima LC LC NS 37Caloplaca microthallina LC LCCaloplaca obliterans LC LC NS S 38Caloplaca obscurella LC LCCaloplaca ochracea LC LC NSCaloplaca phlogina DD NE ?NSCaloplaca polycarpa DD LC NRCaloplaca ruderum LC LCCaloplaca saxicola LC LCCaloplaca scopularis NT NT NS SCaloplaca sorediella DD DD NR 25Caloplaca teicholyta LC LCCaloplaca thallincola LC LCCaloplaca ulcerosa LC LCCaloplaca variabilis LC LCCaloplaca verruculifera LC LCCaloplaca vitellinula DD NE NRCaloplaca xantholyta LC LCCalvitimela aglaea LC LC NSCandelaria concolor LC LCCandelariella aurella f. aurella LC LCCandelariella coralliza LC LCCandelariella medians f. medians LC LCCandelariella reflexa LC LCCandelariella vitellina f. vitellina LC LCCandelariella xanthostigma LC LCCarbonea vorticosa DD LC NS SCatapyrenium cinereum LC LC NSCatapyrenium psoromoides RE CR NR P S8

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



40

Catapyrenium rufescens DD DD NR 25Catillaria aphana VU D2 NT NR XCatillaria atomarioides LC LC NSCatillaria chalybeia var. chalybeia LC LCCatillaria chalybeia var. chloropoliza DD NE ?Catillaria contristans VU D1 LC NS SCatillaria lenticularis LC LCCatillaria nigroclavata DD LC NSCatillaria scotinodes NT LC NS SCatillaria subviridis DD VU NR S XCatinaria atropurpurea NT LCCelothelium ischnobelum LC LCCetraria aculeata LC LCCetraria ericetorum RE LC NS SCetraria islandica ssp. islandica NT LCCetraria muricata LC LCCetraria sepincola VU A2 LC SCetrelia olivetorum s. lat. NT LCCetrariella commixta NT LC NS SChaenotheca brachypoda VU D1 LC NSChaenotheca brunneola LC LCChaenotheca chlorella EN D NT NSChaenotheca chrysocephala LC LCChaenotheca ferruginea LC LCChaenotheca furfuracea LC LCChaenotheca hispidula LC LC NSChaenotheca phaeocephala EX? CR NR P*Chaenotheca stemonea VU D1 LC NSChaenotheca trichialis LC LCChaenothecopsis nigra LC LC NSChaenothecopsis savonica VU D2 NT NRChrysothrix candelaris LC LCChrysothrix chlorina NT LC NSChrysothrix flavovirens LC LCCladonia alpina LC DD NR 100Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa LC LCCladonia azorica LC LC NS 73Cladonia bellidiflora LC LCCladonia borealis DD DD NR SCladonia caespiticia LC LCCladonia callosa DD LC NSCladonia cariosa DD LC NSCladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis LC LCCladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata LC LCCladonia chlorophaea s. lat. LC LCCladonia ciliata var. ciliata LC LCCladonia ciliata var. tenuis LC LCCladonia coniocraea LC LCCladonia cornuta LC LCCladonia crispata var. cetrariiformis LC LCCladonia crispata var. crispata DD NE NR S

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



41

Cladonia cyathomorpha LC LC NSCladonia digitata LC LCCladonia diversa LC LCCladonia fimbriata LC LCCladonia firma LC LC NSCladonia floerkeana LC LCCladonia foliacea LC LCCladonia furcata ssp. furcata LC LCCladonia furcata ssp. subrangiformis LC LCCladonia glauca LC LCCladonia gracilis LC LCCladonia humilis LC LCCladonia incrassata NT LC NSCladonia luteoalba LC LCCladonia macilenta LC LCCladonia macrophylla VU D2 LC NSCladonia mediterranea DD CR NR PCladonia norvegica DD DD NR 50Cladonia ochrochlora LC LCCladonia parasitica LC LCCladonia peziziformis NT CR NR 67 P*Cladonia pocillum LC LCCladonia polydactyla var. polydactyla LC LCCladonia portentosa LC LCCladonia pyxidata LC LCCladonia ramulosa LC LCCladonia rangiferina NT LC SCladonia rangiformis LC LCCladonia scabriuscula LC LCCladonia squamosa var. squamosa LC LCCladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa LC LCCladonia strepsilis LC LCCladonia stygia VU D2 DD NR SCladonia subcervicornis LC LCCladonia subulata LC LCCladonia sulphurina VU D2 LC SCladonia symphycarpia DD LC NSCladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis LC LCCladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis VU D2 NT NRClaurouxia chalybeioides LC LC NSClauzadia condrodes DD DD NR 33Clauzadea immersa LC LCClauzadea metzleri LC LC NSClauzadea monticola LC LCClauzadeana macula LC LC NSCliostomum corrugatum DD VU NRCliostomum griffithii LC LCCliostomum tenerum LC LCCoccotrema citrinescens VU D2 LC NS SCollema auriforme LC LCCollema callopismum var. callopismum VU D2 DD NR

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



42

Collema crispum var. crispum LC LCCollema cristatum var. cristatum LC LCCollema dichotomum EN A4,B2b VU NS P* S8Collema fasciculare CR NT NS IR S P*Collema flaccidum LC LCCollema fragile NT VU NR 44 P*Collema fragrans RE? EN NS IR *Collema furfuraceum NT LCCollema fuscovirens LC LCCollema glebulentum NT LC NS SCollema limosum LC LC NSCollema multipartitum LC LC NSCollema nigrescens VU D2 NT NSCollema occultatum VU D2 NT NSCollema parvum VU D2 VU NR 20Collema polycarpon LC LC NSCollema subflaccidum LC LCCollema subnigrescens CR D1 DD NRCollema tenax var. ceranoides LC LCCollema tenax var. corallinum LC NE ?Collema tenax var. tenax LC LCCollema tenax var. vulgare LC LCCollema undulatum var. granulosum DD DD NR 25Collema undulatum var. undulatum DD DD NR SCollemopsidium angermannicum NT NT NS 22Collemopsidium caesium DD NT NR S 25Collemopsidium elegans LC LC NS 39Collemopsidium foveolatum LC LC ?Collemopsidium halodytes LC LCCollemopsidium monense LC LC NSCollemopsidium orustense LC LC NS 27Coppinsia minutissima LC LC NS 69Cornicularia normoerica LC LCCresponea premnea var. premnea NT LC IRCresponea premnea var. saxicola DD NE ?Cryptolechia carneolutea VU D2 EN NS IR PCryptothele rhodosticta DD DD NR IR 100Cyphelium inquinans LC LCCyrtidula quercus [F] LC LCCystocoleus ebeneus LC LCDegelia atlantica VU A2,D1 LC IRDegelia ligulata VU D2 VU NR IR 40Degelia plumbea VU A2,D1 LC IRDermatocarpon intestiniforme LC LCDermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT LC NS 45Dermatocarpon luridum LC LCDermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT LC NS 36Dermatocarpon miniatum var. miniatum LC LCDermatocarpon rivulorum DD DD NR S 33Dibaeis baeomyces LC LCDictyonema interruptum RE DD NR

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



43

Dimerella lutea NT LCDimerella pineti LC LCDiploicia canescens LC LCDiploschistes caesioplumbeus LC LC NSDiploschistes gypsaceus NT LC NSDiploschistes muscorum LC LCDiploschistes scruposus LC LCDiplotomma alboatrum LC LCDiplotomma chlorophaeum LC LCDirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU D2 NT NS 33Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata LC LCEndocarpon adscendens CR D1 EN NR 67 P*Endocarpon pusillum EN B1a,D NT NREnterographa crassa LC LCEnterographa hutchinsiae LC LCEopyrenula avellanae [F] DD LC NS IREopyrenula grandicula [F] LC LC NS IREphebe hispidula DD NT NR 42Ephebe lanata LC LCEiglera flavida DD LC NS SEpigloea bactrospora DD LC NR S 33Epigloea filifera DD LC NR 100Epigloea medioincrassata DD LC NR 57Epigloea soleiformis LC LC NSEpiphloea byssina DD LC NREuopsis granatina DD DD NSEvernia prunastri LC LCFarnoldia jurana LC LC NSFellhanera bouteillei LC LC NSFellhanera duplex DD DD NR 33Fellhanera ochracea DD LC NRFellhanera subtilis LC LC NRFellhanera viridisorediata DD DD NR 25Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC LC NR 56Fellhaneropsis vezdae LC LCFlavoparmelia caperata LC LCFlavoparmelia soredians LC LCFrutidella caesioatra VU D2 LC NS SFulgensia fulgens EN D EN NR 33 P*Fuscidea austera DD NT NS SFuscidea cyathoides var. cyathoides LC LCFuscidea cyathoides var. sorediata LC NE NRFuscidea gothoburgensis LC LC NSFuscidea intercincta NT LC NS SFuscidea kochiana LC LCFuscidea lightfootii LC LCFuscidea lygaea LC LCFuscidea mollis VU D2 DD NR S 33Fuscidea praeruptorum LC LCFuscidea recensa LC LCFuscopannaria mediterranea VU D1 LC NS

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



44

Fuscopannaria sampaiana EN D1 NT NS IR P*Gomphillus calycioides EN D1 NT NS IR S P*Graphina anguina LC LCGraphina pauciloculata EN D VU NR E 27 P*Graphina ruiziana LC LC NS IRGraphis elegans LC LCGraphis scripta LC LCGregorella humida LC LC NRGyalecta biformis VU D2 DD NR 43Gyalecta derivata LC LC NSGyalecta flotowii LC NT NS *Gyalecta foveolaris EN D NT NR SGyalecta jenensis var. jenensis LC LCGyalecta truncigena LC LCGyalidea fritzei EN D NT NR SGyalidea lecideopsis EN D DD NR 25Gyalidea subscutellaris NT NT NR 92Gyalideopsis crenulata DD DD NR E 100Gyalideopsis muscicola LC LC NS IRHaematomma ochroleucum var. ochroleucum LC LCHaematomma ochroleucum var. porphyrium LC LCHalecania ralfsii LC LC NSHalecania spodomela NT LC NRHalecania viridescens LC LC NSHerteliana gagei LC LC NSHeterodermia japonica VU D2 NT NS XHeterodermia leucomela VU D2 EN NR IR N P* S8Hymenelia epulotica NT LC NSHymenelia heteromorpha VU D2 VU NR SHymenelia prevostii LC LC NSHyperphyscia adglutinata LC LCHypocenomyce caradocensis LC LCHypocenomyce friesii NT LC NS SHypocenomyce scalaris LC LCHypogymnia physodes LC LCHypogymnia tubulosa LC LCHypotrachyna afrorevoluta DD NE NRHypotrachyna britannica LC LCHypotrachyna endochlora LC LC NS IRHypotrachyna laevigata LC LCHypotrachyna revoluta LC LCHypotrachyna sinuosa NT LC IRHypotrachyna taylorensis NT LC IRIcmadophila ericetorum LC LCImmersaria athroocarpa LC LC NSImshaugia aleurites LC LCIonaspis lacustris LC LCIonaspis odora VU D2 LC NS SIonaspis suaveolens VU D2 DD NR SJamesiella anastomosans LC LCJamesiella scotica DD NT NS E S P

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



45

Japewiella tavaresiana LC LCKoerberiella wimmeriana VU D2 LC NS SLasallia pustulata LC LCLecanactis abietina LC LCLecanactis dilleniana LC LC NS 46Lecanactis latebrarum NT LC NRLecanactis subabietina LC LC IRLecania aipospila LC LC NSLecania atrynoides LC LC NSLecania baeomma LC LC NSLecania chlorotiza NT NT NS IR P*Lecania cuprea LC LC NSLecania cyrtella LC LCLecania cyrtellina LC LC NSLecania erysibe LC LCLecania fructigena DD LC NRLecania hutchinsiae LC LCLecania naegelii LC LCLecania nylanderiana DD DD NR 33Lecania rabenhorstii LC LC NSLecania suavis DD DD NR 38Lecania sylvestris DD LC NSLecania turicensis LC LCLecanographa amylacea EN D VU NS IR P*Lecanographa lyncea EN D LC IRLecanora achariana EN D CR NR S 40 P* S8Lecanora actophila LC LCLecanora agardhiana LC DD NRLecanora aitema var. aitema LC LCLecanora albellula LC LC NSLecanora albescens LC LCLecanora alboflavida LC LCLecanora andrewii LC LC NSLecanora argentata LC LC NSLecanora barkmanniana DD LC NSLecanora caesiosora DD LC NS SLecanora campestris ssp. campestris LC LCLecanora carpinea LC LCLecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU D2 LC NR S 38Lecanora chlarotera LC LCLecanora compallens DD LC NSLecanora conferta LC LCLecanora confusa LC LCLecanora conizaeoides f. conizaeoides LC LCLecanora conizaeoides f. variola DD NE ?Lecanora crenulata LC LCLecanora dispersa LC LCLecanora epanora LC L Lecanora expallens LC LCLecanora fugiens LC LCLecanora gangaleoides LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



46

Lecanora gisleriana VU D2 DD NR 60Lecanora hagenii LC NELecanora handelii NT NT NS 37Lecanora helicopis LC LCLecanora horiza VU D2 NT NSLecanora intricata LC LCLecanora intumescens LC LCLecanora jamesii LC LCLecanora muralis LC LCLecanora ochroidea LC DD NR N 50Lecanora orosthea LC LCLecanora persimilis DD LC NSLecanora poliophaea LC LCLecanora polytropa LC LCLecanora praepostera LC LC NSLecanora pulicaris LC LCLecanora quercicola VU D2 VU NS IR 22 P*Lecanora rugosella DD DD NR 25Lecanora rupicola var. efflorens DD LC NS SLecanora rupicola var. rupicola LC LCLecanora saligna LC LCLecanora sambuci LC LC NSLecanora semipallida LC LC NS 46Lecanora soralifera LC LCLecanora stenotropa LC LCLecanora strobilina VU D2 VU NR 83Lecanora subaurea NT LC NSLecanora subcarnea LC LC NSLecanora sublivescens NT NT NS IR 30 P*Lecanora sulphurea LC LCLecanora symmicta LC LCLecanora varia LC LCLecanora zosteri DD LC NSLecidea ahlesii LC LC NS 26Lecidea auriculata DD LC NSLecidea berengeriana VU D2 DD NS SLecidea commaculans RE DD NRLecidea confluens LC LC NSLecidea diducens LC LC NSLecidea doliiformis LC LC NSLecidea endomelaena NT DD NR S 67Lecidea erythrophaea DD VU NRLecidea fuliginosa LC LC NS 41Lecidea fuscoatra LC LCLecidea hypnorum VU D2 DD ?NSLecidea hypopta LC LC NSLecidea lactea LC LCLecidea lapicida LC LCLecidea lithophila LC LCLecidea phaeops LC LCLecidea plana LC LC NS

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



47

Lecidea promixta LC DD NR S 40Lecidea sanguineoatra LC LC NSLecidea silacea VU D2 LC NS SLecidea swartzioidea LC LC NS S 47Lecidea turgidula LC LCLecidella anomaloides DD LC NSLecidella asema LC LCLecidella carpathica LC LCLecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera LC LCLecidella elaeochroma f. elaeochroma LC LCLecidella meiococca LC LC NSLecidella scabra LC LCLecidella stigmatea LC LCLecidella viridans DD DD NRLecidoma demissum LC LC NS SLemmopsis arnoldiana VU D2 NT NR 25Lempholemma botryosum VU D2 LC NSLempholemma cladodes VU D2 NT NR SLempholemma intricatum VU D2 NT NR SLempholemma polyanthes LC LC NSLempholemma radiatum VU D2 NT NR SLepraria atlantica LC LC NSLepraria bergensis DD DD NRLepraria borealis LC NELepraria caesioalba LC LCLepraria crassissima LC LC NRLepraria diffusa var. chrysodetoides LC LC NRLepraria diffusa var. diffusum LC LC NSLepraria eburnea LC LC NSLepraria ecorticata LC LC NSLepraria elobata LC LC NSLepraria humida LC LC ?NRLepraria incana LC LCLepraria jackii LC LCLepraria lobificans LC LCLepraria membranacea LC LCLepraria nivalis LC LC NSLepraria nylanderiana DD DD NR 100Lepraria rigidula LC LCLepraria sylvicola LC LC NSLepraria umbricola LC LC NSLepraria vouauxii LC LCLeprocaulon microscopicum LC LCLeptogium biatorinum DD LC NSLeptogium brebissonii VU D2 NT NS IR P*Leptogium britannicum NT LC NS IRLeptogium burgessii VU D2 LC IRLeptogium cochleatum CR D VU NS IR P*Leptogium cyanescens NT LC IRLeptogium diffractum NT NT NS 36Leptogium gelatinosum LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



48

Leptogium intermedium LC LC NS 47Leptogium lichenoides LC LCLeptogium massiliense VU D2 NT NRLeptogium palmatum LC NT NS 49Leptogium plicatile LC LCLeptogium schraderi LC LCLeptogium subtile LC LC NS 43Leptogium subtorulosum EN D NT NR S 25Leptogium tenuissimum VU D2 LC NSLeptogium teretiusculum LC LCLeptogium turgidum LC LCLeptorhaphis atomaria [F] VU D2 LC NS SLeptorhaphis epidermis [F] LC LCLeptorhaphis maggiana [F] DD LC NSLichenomphalia alpina LC LCLichenomphalia hudsoniana LC LCLichenomphalia umbellifera LC LCLichenomphalia velutina LC LC ? 50Lichina confinis LC LCLichina pygmaea LC LCLithographa tesserata LC LC NS 31Llimonaea sorediata LC LCLobaria amplissima VU A4, D2 LC IRLobaria pulmonaria VU A4 LC IRLobaria scrobiculata CR A4, D LC IRLobaria virens EN A4, D LC IRLopadium disciforme LC LCLoxospora elatina LC LCMassalongia carnosa LC LCMegalaria grossa NT LCMegalaria pulverea LC LCMegalospora tuberculosa VU D2 NT NS IR P*Megaspora verrucosa VU D2 NT NSMelanelia disjuncta NT LC NSMelanelia hepatizon VU D2 LC NSMelanelia stygia CR D NT NS SMelanelixa fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa LC LCMelanelixa fuliginosa ssp. glabratula LC LCMelanelixa subaurifera LC LCMelanohalea elegantula LC LCMelanohalea exasperata LC LCMelanohalea exasperatula LC LCMelanohalea laciniatula LC LCMelaspilea amota [F] DD NT NR N 25Melaspilea atroides [F] LC LC NS SMelaspilea granitophila LC LC NS S 31Melaspilea interjecta DD DD NR IR S 60Melaspilea lentiginosa [LF] NE NT NR IR P*Melaspilea ochrothalamia [F] LC LC NSMenegazzia subsimilis RE DD NS IRMenegazzia terebrata VU C2ai LC IR

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



49

Merismatium deminutum LC LC NSMicarea adnata LC LC NSMicarea alabastrites LC LC IRMicarea bauschiana LC LCMicarea botryoides LC LCMicarea cinerea LC LCMicarea coppinsii LC LC NS 29Micarea deminuta DD LC NRMicarea denigrata LC LCMicarea erratica LC LCMicarea farinosa DD DD ?E E 40Micarea globulosella DD DD NR 50Micarea hedlundii NT NT NR SMicarea leprosula LC LCMicarea lignaria var. endoleuca DD LC NS IRMicarea lignaria var. lignaria LC LCMicarea lithinella LC LC NSMicarea lutulata LC LCMicarea marginata VU D2 LC NR SMicarea melaena LC LCMicarea micrococca LC LCMicarea misella LC LC NSMicarea myriocarpa LC LC NSMicarea nitschkeana LC LCMicarea peliocarpa LC LCMicarea prasina s. str. LC LC NSMicarea pseudomarginata VU D2 LC NR EMicarea pycnidiophora NT NT NS IRMicarea stipitata LC LC NS IRMicarea submilliaria VU D2 DD NR S 25Micarea subnigrata LC LC NSMicarea subviridescens LC LC NR 25Micarea sylvicola LC LCMicarea synotheoides LC LC NS IRMicarea ternaria DD LC NR SMicarea tuberculata LC LC NSMicarea turfosa VU D2 LC NS SMicarea viridileprosa LC LC NS 27Micarea xanthonica LC LC NS IRMicrocalicium ahlneri [F] VU D2 LC NS 33Microcalicium arenariuim DD LC NRMicrocalicium disseminatum [F] VU D2 LC NRMiriquidica atrofulva VU D2 LC NS SMiriquidica complanata f. complanata RE LC NS SMiriquidica leucophaea LC LCMiriquidica lulensis VU D2 NT NR S 27Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa LC LC NSMiriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC LC NS S 21Moelleropsis nebulosa NT LC NSMycobilimbia epixanthoides NT LCMycobilimbia pilularis NT LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



50

Mycoblastus affinis VU D2 LC NS S 35Mycoblastus caesius LC LCMycoblastus fucatus LC LCMycoblastus sanguinarius f. leprosus DD NE ?Mycoblastus sanguinarius f. sanguinarius LC LCMycoglaena myricae [F] LC LC NSMycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VU D2 NT NR S 20Mycomicrothelia confusa [F] LC LCMycoporum antecellens [F] LC LCMyriospora heppii LC LC NSNephroma laevigatum NT LC IRNephroma parile NT LCNephroma tangeriense DD NT NR IR 27Normandina acroglypta VU D2 LC NSNormandina pulchella LC LCOchrolechia androgyna LC LCOchrolechia frigida f. frigida NT LC SOchrolechia inaequatula DD LC NS SOchrolechia microstictoides LC LC NSOchrolechia parella LC LCOchrolechia subviridis LC LCOchrolechia tartarea LC LCOchrolechia turneri LC LCOpegrapha atra LC LCOpegrapha calcarea LC LCOpegrapha cesareensis LC LCOpegrapha corticola LC LC IROpegrapha dolomitica LC LC NSOpegrapha fumosa VU D2 LC NS IR XOpegrapha gyrocarpa LC LCOpegrapha herbarum LC LCOpegrapha lithyrga LC LC NSOpegrapha mougeotii LC LC NSOpegrapha multipuncta LC LCOpegrapha niveoatra LC LCOpegrapha ochrocheila LC LCOpegrapha paraxanthodes NT NT NR POpegrapha prosodea VU D2 NT NS IR N P*Opegrapha rufescens LC LCOpegrapha saxigena LC LC NS IROpegrapha sorediifera LC LCOpegrapha varia LC LCOpegrapha vermicellifera LC LCOpegrapha viridis LC DD NSOpegrapha vulgata LC LCOpegrapha xerica LC LC NS IR?Opegrapha zonata LC LCOphioparma ventosa LC LCOrphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VU D2 LC NS SPachyphiale carneola NT LCPannaria conoplea NT LC IR

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



51

Pannaria rubiginosa CR D LC IRParmelia discordans LC LCParmelia omphalodes LC LCParmelia saxatilis LC LCParmelia sulcata LC LCParmeliella parvula NT LC IRParmeliella testacea CR D NT NS IR P*Parmeliella triptophylla NT LC IRParmelina carporrhizans VU D2 VU NS N 25 P*Parmelina pastillifera LC LCParmelina tiliacea LC LCParmelinopsis horrescens NT NT NS IR N 49 *Parmelinopsis minarum VU D2 NT NR N S8Parmeliopsis ambigua LC LCParmeliopsis hyperopta LC LCParmotrema arnoldii DD NT NSParmotrema crinitum NT LCParmotrema perlatum LC LCParmotrema reticulatum LC LCParmotrema robustum CR D CR NR N 75 P*Peltigera britannica NT LC NS IR SPeltigera canina LC LCPeltigera collina NT LC IRPeltigera degenii LC LC NS SPeltigera didactyla LC LCPeltigera elizabethae NT NT NR SPeltigera horizontalis LC LCPeltigera hymenina LC LCPeltigera leucophlebia LC LCPeltigera membranacea LC LCPeltigera neckeri LC LC NSPeltigera polydactylon VU D2 LC NSPeltigera praetextata LC LCPeltigera rufescens LC LCPeltigera venosa CR D VU NS S P*Pertusaria albescens var. albescens LC LCPertusaria albescens var. corallina LC LCPertusaria amara f. amara LC LCPertusaria amarescens VU D2 LC NRPertusaria aspergilla LC LCPertusaria chiodectonoides VU D2 LC NSPertusaria coccodes LC LCPertusaria corallina LC LCPertusaria coronata NT LC NSPertusaria dactylina VU D2 LC NSPertusaria excludens LC LC NS SPertusaria flavicans LC LCPertusaria flavida LC LCPertusaria hemisphaerica LC LCPertusaria hymenea LC LCPertusaria lactea LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



52

Pertusaria lactescens LC LCPertusaria leioplaca LC LCPertusaria melanochlora EN B1a,D EN NR 20Pertusaria monogona VU D2 LC NSPertusaria multipuncta LC LCPertusaria ophthalmiza DD LC NS IRPertusaria pertusa LC LCPertusaria pseudocorallina LC LCPertusaria pupillaris LC LCPertusaria pustulata RE VU NRPertusaria velata VU D2 VU NS N P*Peterjamesia circumscripta LC LCPeterjamesia sorediata DD LCPetractis clausa LC LCPhaeographis dendritica LC LCPhaeographis inusta LC LC NS IR N 30Phaeographis lyellii VU D2 NT NS IRPhaeographis smithii LC LCPhaeophyscia nigricans LC LCPhaeophyscia orbicularis LC LCPhaeophyscia sciastra DD LC NSPhlyctis agelaea NT NT NSPhlyctis argena LC LCPhyllopsora rosei NT LC NS IRPhyscia adscendens LC LCPhyscia aipolia LC LCPhyscia caesia LC LCPhyscia clementei VU D2 NT NSPhyscia dubia LC LCPhyscia leptalea LC LCPhyscia stellaris LC LCPhyscia tenella ssp. marina DD NEPhyscia tenella ssp. tenella LC LCPhyscia tribacia LC LCPhyscia tribacioides CR D VU NS P* S8Physconia distorta LC LCPhysconia enteroxantha LC LCPhysconia grisea LC LCPhysconia perisidiosa NT LCPiccolia ochrophora LC LCPilophorus strumaticus LC LC NSPlacidiopsis custnani NT NT NSPlacidium lachneum LC LC NSPlacidium pilosellum NT NT NSPlacidium squamulosum LC LC NSPlacopsis lambii LC LC 37Placynthiella dasaea LC LCPlacynthiella hyporhoda VU D2 LC NRPlacynthiella icmalea LC LCPlacynthiella oligotropha LC LC NSPlacynthiella uliginosa LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



53

Placynthium anemoideum EX? NE NR 100Placynthium asperellum VU D2 NT NR SPlacynthium dolichoterum VU D2 DD NR S 20Placynthium flabellosum VU D2 LC NS SPlacynthium garovaglioi NT LC NRPlacynthium hungaricum DD DD NR 100?Placynthium nigrum LC LCPlacynthium pannariellum VU D2 NT NS SPlacynthium subradiatum LC LC NS 20Placynthium tantaleum RE LC NSPlacynthium tremniacum DD DD NR 29Platismatia glauca LC LCPleurosticta acetabulum DD LC WPoeltinula cerebrina EX? VU NR PPolyblastia agraria LC LC NS IR 40Polyblastia albida LC LC NSPolyblastia cruenta LC LCPolyblastia cupularis LC LC NSPolyblastia dermatodes NT LC NSPolyblastia efflorescens VU D2 NT NR SPolyblastia melaspora LC LC NS SPolyblastia philaea DD DD NR S 60Polyblastia quartzina VU D2 DD NR S 50Polyblastia schaereriana LC LC NSPolyblastia terrestris VU D2 NT NR SPolychidium muscicola NT LC NSPolysporina lapponica LC LC NS 42Polysporina simplex LC LCPorina aenea LC LCPorina ahlesiana NT NT NS 26Porina borreri var. borreri LC LC NSPorina byssophila VU D2 DD NR S 80Porina chlorotica f. chlorotica LC LCPorina coralloidea NT LC NS IRPorina curnowii VU D2 NT NR NPorina effilata EN D CR NR P*Porina grandis VU D2 DD NR S 20Porina guentheri var. guentheri LC LC NSPorina guentheri var. lucens LC LC NS 58Porina hibernica VU D2 NT NS IR P*Porina interjungens NT NT NSPorina lectissima LC LCPorina leptalea LC LCPorina linearis LC LCPorina rosei NT NT NS IR 21 XPorocyphus coccodes LC LC NS 26Porocyphus kenmorensis NT NT NS 38Porocyphus leptogiella NT NT NR S 27Porpidia cinereoatra LC LCPorpidia contraponenda LC LC NSPorpidia crustulata LC LC

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



54

Porpidia flavocruenta DD LC NSPorpidia hydrophila LC LCPorpidia macrocarpa f. macrocarpa LC LCPorpidia melinodes LC LC NS S 28Porpidia ochrolemma DD DD NR 100Porpidia pachythallina DD DD NRPorpidia platycarpoides LC LCPorpidia rugosa LC LCPorpidia soredizodes LC LCPorpidia speirea LC LCPorpidia striata LC LC NSPorpidia superba f. superba NT? LC NS SPorpidia superba f. sorediata NT? NE NR SPorpidia tuberculosa LC LCProtoblastenia calva LC LCProtoblastenia cyclospora VU D2 DD NRProtoblastenia incrustans LC LCProtoblastenia lilacina DD DD NRProtoblastenia rupestris LC LCProtoblastenia siebenhaariana VU D2 LC NS SProtopannaria pezizoides LC LCProtoparmelia atriseda NT VU NR S 83Protoparmelia badia LC LCProtoparmelia memnonia DD NT NRProtoparmelia montagnei VU D2 LC NS NProtothelenella corrosa NT LC NS SProtothelenella sphinctrinoidella VU D2 LC NS SProtothelenella sphinctrinoides VU D2 NT NR SPseudephebe pubescens LC LCPseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea LC LCPseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea LC LCPseudocyphellaria intricata CR D NT NS IR S P*Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR D VU NR IR S 25 P* S8Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR D LC NS IR S P*Psilolechia clavulifera LC LC NSPsilolechia leprosa LC LCPsilolechia lucida LC LCPsora decipiens NT LC NSPsoroglaena stigonemoides LC LCPsoroma hypnorum VU D2 LC NSPsorotichia schaereri NT LC NSPterygiopsis concordatula VU D2 NT NSPterygiopsis lacustris VU D2 NT NR 44Ptychographa xylographoides NT NT NS IRPunctelia borreri LC LCPunctelia jeckeri LC LCPunctelia reddenda NT LCPunctelia subrudecta LC LCPycnothelia papillaria NT LCPyrenopsis grumulifera DD DD NR SPyrenopsis impolita DD DD NR S 60

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



55

Pyrenopsis subareolata LC LC NS S 32Pyrenula chlorospila LC LCPyrenula coryli [F] RE VU NRPyrenula hibernica CR D VU NR IR S P* S8Pyrenula laevigata VU D2 LC NS IRPyrenula macrospora LC LCPyrenula occidentalis VU D2 LC IRPyrrhospora quernea LC LCRacodium rupestris LC LCRamalina calicaris LC LCRamalina canariensis LC LCRamalina cuspidata LC LCRamalina farinacea LC LCRamalina fastigiata LC LCRamalina fraxinea LC LC IRRamalina lacera DD LCRamalina pollinaria LC LC NSRamalina polymorpha NT NT NS S 50Ramalina portuensis DD LC NS IR 27Ramalina siliquosa LC LCRamalina subfarinacea LC LCRamonia chrysophaea NT NT NS IR P*Ramonia dictyospora VU D2 NT NR E P*Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella NT LC NSRhizocarpon alpicola LC LC NS SRhizocarpon amphibium DD DD NR S 20Rhizocarpon anaperum VU D2 LC NR 50Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU D2 LC NS 27Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD DD NR S 33Rhizocarpon caesium DD DD NR SRhizocarpon cinereovirens NT DD NR S 55Rhizocarpon distinctum LC LCRhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU D2 DD NR 25Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT NT NS 56Rhizocarpon geminatum DD DD NS SRhizocarpon geographicum LC LCRhizocarpon hochstetteri LC LCRhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC DD NR 39Rhizocarpon infernulum f. sylvaticum LC LC NSRhizocarpon intermediellum VU D2 DD NR S 33Rhizocarpon lavatum LC LCRhizocarpon lecanorinum LC LCRhizocarpon oederi LC LCRhizocarpon petraeum LC LCRhizocarpon polycarpum LC LC NSRhizocarpon reductum LC LCRhizocarpon richardii LC LCRhizocarpon simillimum DD DD NR 20Rhizocarpon subgeminatum LC LC NSRhizocarpon submodestum DD DD NR S 50Rhizocarpon superficiale VU D2 DD NR S 33

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



56

Rhizocarpon timdalii DD DD NR 100Rhizocarpon umbilicatum LC LCRhizocarpon viridiatrum LC LC NSRimularia badioatra LC LC NSRimularia furvella LC LCRimularia gyrizans NT LC NSRimularia insularis LC LC NS 39Rimularia intercedens LC LC NS 28Rimularia limborina LC LC NSRinodina aspersa NT NT NR 20Rinodina atrocinerea LC LCRinodina biloculata VU D2 DD NR NRinodina bischoffii LC LC NSRinodina confragosa LC LC NSRinodina conradii LC LC NS 50Rinodina efflorescens LC LC NSRinodina fimbriata VU D2 LC NSRinodina flavosoralifera NT NT NR 22Rinodina gennarii LC LCRinodina griseosoralifera LC LC NSRinodina immersa DD DD NR 60Rinodina insularis DD DD NSRinodina interpolata NT NT NRRinodina isidioides NT NT NS IR 36 P*Rinodina luridescens LC LCRinodina milvina VU D1 NT NR S 33Rinodina occulta NT DD NR 33Rinodina oleae LC LCRinodina oxydata LC LC NSRinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT NT NR 33Rinodina roboris var. roboris LC LC IRRinodina sicula LC LC NS 29Rinodina sophodes LC LCRinodina teichophila LC LCRoccella fuciformis NT NT NS NRoccella phycopsis NT NT NS NRomjularia lurida LC LCRopalospora lugubris f. lugubris VU D2 LC NR SRopalospora viridis LC LC NSSarcogyne clavus DD NT NSSarcogyne privigna LC LC NSSarcogyne regularis LC LCSarcopyrenia gibba var. geisleri [?LF] LC LCSarcosagium campestre var. campestre LC LC NSSarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT NE ? 41Schaereria cinereorufa LC LCSchaereria corticola CR D1 DD NR S 50Schaereria fuscocinerea var. fuscocinerea LC LCSchismatomma cretaceum VU D1 LC IRSchismatomma decolorans LC LCSchismatomma graphidioides VU D1 VU NS IR P*

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



57

Schismatomma niveum VU D1 LC IRSchismatomma quercicola NT LC ESchismatomma umbrinum LC LC NS IR 21Scoliciosporum chlorococcum LC LCScoliciosporum curvatum LC LC NS 43Scoliciosporum intrusum DD LC NRScoliciosporum pruinosum LC LCScoliciosporum umbrinum LC LCSolenopsora candicans LC LCSolenopsora holophaea LC LC NSSolenopsora vulturiensis LC LCSolorina saccata LC LCSolorina spongiosa NT LC NSSphaerophorus fragilis LC LCSphaerophorus globosus LC LCSpilonema paradoxum DD NT NRSporastatia polyspora EN D NT NRSporastatia testudinea EN D NT NRSquamarina cartilaginea var. cartilaginea LC LCStaurothele caesia LC LC NSStaurothele fissa LC LCStaurothele guestphalica DD DD NR 20Staurothele hymenogonia VU D2 LC NSStaurothele rufa EN D EN NR 100Staurothele rugulosa VU D2 NT NRStaurothele rupifraga LC LC NSStaurothele succedens LC LC NSSteinia geophana LC LC NS 34Stenocybe nitida DD LC NS S?Stenocybe pullatula [F] LC LCStenocybe septata [F] LC LC IRStereocaulon condensatum NT LC NS 27Stereocaulon dactylophyllum var. dactylophyllum LC LCStereocaulon delisei VU B2a, biii NT NS IR 21 *Stereocaulon evolutum LC LCStereocaulon glareosum VU B2a, biii NT NR S 50Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis NT LC NSStereocaulon nanodes LC LC NSStereocaulon pileatum LC LCStereocaulon plicatile VU B2a, biii NT NR IRStereocaulon symphycheilum VU D1 EN NR 25 P*Stereocaulon tornense VU D1 NT NS SStereocaulon vesuvianum var. nodulosum LC LC NSStereocaulon vesuvianum var. symphycheileoides DD NE NSStereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum LC LCSticta canariensis / dufourii VU LC IRSticta canariensis independ. green morph. EN D VU NR IR P*Sticta fuliginosa VU LC IRSticta limbata NT LC IRSticta sylvatica NT LC IRStrangospora microhaema CR D NT NS IR S *

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



58

Strangospora moriformis LC LC NSStrangospora pinicola LC LC NSStrigula confusa DD DD NRStrigula jamesii VU D2 LC NSStrigula phaea VU D2 LC NSStrigula stigmatella var. alpestris VU D2 LC NS SStrigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR D EN NR 33 P*Strigula taylorii LC LC NS IRStrigula thelopsidoides CR D NT NR SSynalissa ramulosa VU D2 VU NR 30 P*Syncesia myrticola VU D2 NT NS IR NTeloschistes flavicans VU A1 VU NS N 23 P* S8Tephromela atra LC LCTephromela grumosa LC LCTephromela pertusarioides DD DD NR S 63Thamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VU D2 LC SThelenella muscorum var. muscorum LC LCThelenella muscorum var. octospora VU D2 NE NRThelidium decipiens LC LCThelidium fontigenum VU D2 LC NRThelidium impressum VU D2 LC NS 20Thelidium incavatum LC LCThelidium minutulum LC LCThelidium papulare f. papulare LC LCThelidium papulare f. sorediatum VU D2 LC NR SThelidium pluvium NT LC NS S 32Thelidium pyrenophorum LC LC NSThelidium zwackhii LC LC NSThelocarpon epibolum var. epibolum LC LC NSThelocarpon impressellum LC NE NS S 50Thelocarpon intermediellum RE LC NRThelocarpon laureri LC LC NSThelocarpon magnussonii NT DD NR EThelocarpon olivaceum DD NE NR ? ?Thelocarpon opertum DD NT NR E 33Thelocarpon pallidum DD DD NR 29Thelocarpon robustum DD LC NR 50Thelocarpon saxicola DD LC NR 100Thelocarpon superellum DD LC NR 33Thelopsis melathelia VU D2 NT NR SThelopsis rubella NT LCThelotrema lepadinum NT LCThermutis velutina VU D2 NT NR 20Thrombium epigaeum LC LC NS 41Tomasellia diffusa [F] RE? LC NR STomasellia gelatinosa [F] LC LCToninia aromatica LC LCToninia diffracta DD DD NRToninia fusispora VU D2 LC NR SToninia mesoidea LC LC NSToninia sedifolia LC LC P*

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



59

Toninia thiopsora LC LC NS 44Toninia verrucarioides LC LC NSTrapelia coarctata LC LCTrapelia corticola LC LCTrapelia glebulosa LC LCTrapelia obtegens LC LCTrapelia placodioides LC LCTrapeliopsis aeneofusca DD DD NR 100Trapeliopsis flexuosa LC LCTrapeliopsis gelatinosa LC LCTrapeliopsis glaucolepidea LC LC NSTrapeliopsis granulosa LC LCTrapeliopsis percrenata DD LC NSTrapeliopsis pseudogranulosa LC LCTrapeliopsis wallrothii LC LCTremolecia atrata LC LCTuckermanopsis chlorophylla NT LCTylothallia biformigera LC LCUmbilicaria cylindrica LC LCUmbilicaria deusta LC LC NSUmbilicaria hirsuta NT NT NR S 40Umbilicaria polyphylla LC LCUmbilicaria polyrrhiza LC LCUmbilicaria proboscidea NT LC SUmbilicaria torrefacta LC LCUsnea articulata VU A1 NT IR P*Usnea ceratina LC LCUsnea cornuta LC LCUsnea esperantiana DD NT NR IRUsnea filipendula LC LCUsnea flammea LC LCUsnea flavocardia DD DD NRUsnea florida LC NT *Usnea fragilescens var. mollis LC LCUsnea glabrata DD DD NR IR 33Usnea glabrescens LC LC NSUsnea hirta LC LCUsnea rubicunda LC LCUsnea subfloridana LC LCUsnea wasmuthii LC LC NSVahliella atlantica DD DD NRVahliella leucophaea NT LCVerrucaria aethiobola LC LCVerrucaria amphibia LC LC NSVerrucaria anziana LC NE NSVerrucaria aquatilis LC LCVerrucaria baldensis LC LCVerrucaria bryoctona LC LC NS 40Verrucaria bulgarica LC LC NR 67Verrucaria caerulea LC LCVerrucaria calciseda LC LC NR 30

Taxon


Criteria






Schedule 8 species



60

Verrucaria cinereoatrata DD NE NSVerrucaria denudata LC LCVerrucaria ditmarsica LC LC NSVerrucaria dolosa LC LCVerrucaria dufourii LC LC NSVerrucaria elaeina LC LC NSVerrucaria funckii LC LC NSVerrucaria fuscella LC LCVerrucaria fusconigrescens LC LCVerrucaria halizoa LC LC NSVerrucaria hochstetteri LC LCVerrucaria internigrescens LC LC NS 43Verrucaria latebrosa LC LC NRVerrucaria latericola DD DD NR 40Verrucaria macrostoma LC LCVerrucaria macrostoma f. furfuracea LC LCVerrucaria madida DD DD NR 50Verrucaria margacea LC LCVerrucaria maura LC LCVerrucaria mucosa LC LCVerrucaria muralis LC LCVerrucaria murina LC LC NSVerrucaria nigrescens LC LCVerrucaria pachyderma DD DD NR S 82Verrucaria pinguicula LC LC NSVerrucaria polysticta LC LC NSVerrucaria praetermissa LC LCVerrucaria prominula LC LC NSVerrucaria rheitrophila LC LC NSVerrucaria rosula Orange ad int. LC NE NR?Verrucaria sandstedei DD DD NRVerrucaria scabra LC LC NR?Verrucaria simplex LC LC NSVerrucaria striatula LC LCVerrucaria viridula LC LCVestergrenopsis elaeina CR B1a VU NR SVezdaea acicularis NT LC NS S 71Vezdaea aestivalis LC LCVezdaea cobria LC LC NR 80Vezdaea leprosa LC LCVezdaea retigera LC LC NSVezdaea rheocarpa LC LC NS 65Wadeana dendrographa VU D2 NT NS IR P*Wadeana minuta DD NT NS IRXanthoparmelia conspersa LC LCXanthoparmelia delisei LC LC NSXanthoparmelia loxodes LC LCXanthoparmelia mougeotii LC LCXanthoparmelia pulla LC LCXanthoparmelia tinctina EN B1a VU NR 25Xanthoparmelia verruculifera LC LC

Taxon


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Xanthoria aureola LC LCXanthoria calcicola LC LCXanthoria candelaria LC LCXanthoria elegans LC LCXanthoria parietina LC LCXanthoria polycarpa LC LCXerotrema quercicola LC LC ?E 40Xylographa parallela VU D2 LC SXylographa vitiligo LC LC

Taxon


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Schedule 8 species



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9. AcknowledgementsCompilation of this Red Data List would have been impossible without the help, adviceand support of members of the British Lichen Society, in particular Steve Chambers, AlanOrange, Mark Seaward and Brian Coppins. I am also grateful for technical help from thestaff of the Countryside Council for Wales



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10. ReferencesChurch, J.M., Coppins, B.J., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) [‘1996’]

Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: Lichens. Volume 1: Britain. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Coppins, B.J. (2002a) Checklist of Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: BritishLichen Society.

Dines, T. (2008). A Vascular Plant Red Data List for Wales. Plantlife, Salisbury.IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria. Version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.Palmer, M.A., Hodgetts, N.G., Wigginton, M.J., Ing, B. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) The application

to the British Flora of the World Conservation Union’s revised Red List criteria and thesignificance of Red Lists for species conservation. Biological Conservation 82: 219–226.

Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. & Moore, D.M. (1992) Lichen Floraof Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publications.

Smith, C.W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B.J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. and Wolsley,P.A. (2009). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, London.

Woods, R.G. & Coppins, B.J. (2003). A Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens. BritishLichen Society, London.



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Appendix 1The Lobarion and mine site communitiesArising from Section 42 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006,the Welsh Assembly Government has approved a list of species and habitats in Wales theconservation of which it considers to be of principal importance. Contained within thelist of species of lichens are two lichen-rich communities viz the “Lobarion” and “minesite community”.

LobarionThe following provides some guidance on the identification of the Lobarion. ( For fullerdetails see James, P.W., Hawksworth, D.L. & Rose, F. (1977). Lichen Communities in theBritish Isles pgs 322-327 in Lichen Ecology, Seaward, MRD (Ed.), Academic Press, London).When well-developed this is a spectacular community that can include some of thelargest foliose lichens. Unfortunately most of its constituent species are highly sensitiveto sulphur dioxide, acid rain and excessive ammonia levels and many examples of theLobarion in Wales are now species poor.

The Lobarion is likely to be present on a tree or shrub or any rock face that supports thefollowing:-

Any species of the genus

Degelia Parmeliella (except P. parvula-see below)Fuscopannaria PannariaLobaria PseudocyphellariaNephroma Sticta

Any of the following species

Agonimia octospora Pachyphiale carneolaCollema fasciculare* Parmotrema crinitumCollema furfuraceum Peltigera collinaGyalecta flotowii* Phyllopsora roseiGomphillus calycioides* Porina coralloideaLeptogium burgessii Porina hibernica*Leptogium brebissonii* Punctelia reddendaLeptogium cochleatum* Thelopsis rubella

(* = species individually listed on Section 42 of the Natural Environment andCommunities Act (2006) as being of principal importance in Wales)

Any three of the following species

Acrocordia gemmata Mycobilimbia pilularisArthonia vinosa Normandina pulchellaCatinaria atropurpurea Opegrapha sorediiferaDimerella lutea Parmeliella parvulaLeptogium lichenoides Peltigera horizontalisLeptogium teretiusculum Pertusaria hemisphaerica

Thelotrema lepadinum



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MetallophytesOnce Wales probably supported a significant assemblage of lichens associated withnatural outcrops of heavy metal-rich rock. Due to the destruction of these outcrops byour mining activities the survival of metallophyte lichens is now almost entirelydepend nt on the conservation of old metal mine sites. Two special types of lichen are almost completely confined to these sites in Wales:-1. Those lichens that appear to in some way require heavy metals and only occur onheavy metal-rich substrates-the obligate metallophytes.2. Those lichens that tolerate heavy metals but elsewhere can be found in sites withoutsuch metals. Most of these species are probably poor competitors but can surviveextreme conditions. In Wales they are mostly confined to metal-rich sites but elsewhereoccur, for example, on exposed peat on the summit ridges of high mountains-thefacultative metallophytes.

The following species fall into one or other of these categories in Wales and any threatenedsite supporting more than 3 of these species should be subject to a detailed assessment.

Acarospora sinopica Rhizocarpon cinereovirensBaeomyces placophyllus R. furfurosumBelonia incarnata R. oederiEpilichen scabrosa Sarcosagium campestreGyalidea subscutellaris Steinia geophanaGyalideopsis crenulata Stereocaulon condensatumLecanora epanora S. dactylophyllumL. gisleriana S. delisei*L. handelii S. glareosumL. subaurea S. leucophaeopsisPlacopsis lambii S. nanodesPlacynthiella hyporhoda S. pileatumPolyblastia agraria S. symphycheilium*Psilolechia leprosa Vezdaea spp.

(* = species individually listed on Section 42 of the Natural Environment andCommunities Act (2006) as being of principal importance in Wales)


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SummaryDespite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 1290lichen taxa (including 1250 species) representing 68% of the total Britishlichen flora. Using widely accepted international criteria and data collatedby the British Lichen Society a Welsh regional threat status is offered forall Welsh lichens and allied fungi for the first time. The threat status ofWelsh species is compared with the already published British Red Data Listfor Lichens.

Of the 1290 species of lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologistsin Wales 22 are probably extinct (2% of the total) and 204 more (16%) arethreatened with extinction. Of this latter total 28 (2% of the overall total) areCritically Endangered, 24 (2%) are Endangered and 156 (12%) are Vulnerable. afurther 131 taxa (10%) are Near Threatened, whilst 152 taxa (12%) lack sufficientinformation for a threat category to be assigned to them.

Of Welsh lichens and fungi studied by lichenologists 38% of the taxa thereforerequire some action either to better understand their true status or reverseknown ongoing declines. This compares with 35% for Britain as a whole.

Believed to be the first such regional report of threats facing lichen species inBritain, it is hoped these results will be used to help prioritise futureconservation actions.

CrynodebEr mai gwlad fechan yw Cymru (yn cyfrif am 11% o holl arwynebedd tirmawr Prydain) mae wedi cynnal 1290 tacson cen (yn cynnwys 1250rhywogaeth). Mae hyn yn gyfystyr â 68% o holl fflora cen Prydain.Defnyddiwyd data a gasglwyd gan y ‘British Lichen Society’, ynghyd âmeini prawf rhyngwladol cydnabyddedig, er mwyn gallu cynnig disgrifiadam y tro cyntaf o statws holl gennau Cymru â’r ffyngau sy’n gysylltiedig ânhw o safbwynt y bygythiad y maent yn ei wynebu ar lefel ranbarthol. Maestatws bygythiad y rhywogaethau Cymreig yn cael ei gymharu â’r RhestrData Coch ar gyfer Prydain, sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi. Mae’r statwsbygythiad hwnnw yn cael ei gymharu gyda’r Rhestr Data Coch Brydeinig,sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi.

O blith y rhywogaethau cen a ffwng sydd wedi cael eu hastudio’n draddodiadolgan arbenigwyr cen yng Nghymru mae’n debyg bod 22 (2% o’r cyfanswm) wedimynd i ddifancoll a bod 204 (16%) o’r gweddill mewn perygl o fynd i ddifancoll.O blith y cyfanswm olaf hwn mae 28 (2%) Dan Fygythiad Enbyd, 24 (2%) DanFygythiad a 156 (12%) yn Fregus. Mae 133 tacson pellach (10% ) yn agos at fodDan Fygythiad tra bod diffyg gwybodaeth am 152 (12%) tacson yn ei gwneud ynamhosib i bennu statws bygythiad ar eu cyfer.

Felly mae angen cymryd camau gweithredu ar gyfer 38% o’r tacson cen a ffwngCymreig sydd wedi cael eu hastudio gan arbenigwyr, un ai er mwyn deall mwyam eu gwir statws neu i wrthdroi dirywiad sy’n digwydd ar hyn o bryd. Mae hynyn cymharu â 35% ar gyfer Prydain gyfan.

Credir mai hwn yw’r adroddiad rhanbarthol cyntaf ynglŷn â’r bygythiadau sy’nwynebu rhywogaethau cen ym Mhrydain. Gobeithir y bydd y canlyniadau hynyn cael eu defnyddio er mwyn blaenoriaethu gwaith cadwraeth yn y dyfodol.

Featured speciesThese two species have been selected to illustrate thevalue of producing a Lichen Red List for Wales.

Pitted Lungwort (Lobaria scrobiculata)Least Concern in Great Britain but CriticallyEndangered in Wales

This large and distinctive foliose lichen of tree trunks andbranches was once probably widespread in Wales.

Sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution and otheratmospheric pollutants it is the least abundant of thefour lungwort species. It is now confined to a scatter ofancient trees and the trunks and branches of a very fewyounger trees in ravine sites in northwest Wales where itis sheltered from major sources of atmosphericpollutants. There have been no reports of fertile materialrecently and all known populations, if they are currentlyreproducing, must do so vegetatively.

a significant contraction in its range has recentlyoccurred with the loss of populations inMontgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire and mid Cardiganshire.

Ciliate Strap-lichen (Heterodermia leucomela)Endangered in Great Britain but Vulnerable in Wales

a lichen widespread in the tropics, it reaches thenorthernmost edge of its world range on anglesey. InWales it is found scrambling amongst the low growth ofwind-pruned vegetation on almost frost-free sea cliffs,whilst in the tropics it grows on twigs in the forestcanopy. It has recently been discovered in two new sitesin Pembrokeshire to add to its former known range ofBardsey, The Lleyn and anglesey. all its known sites aresympathetically managed.

Cover imageTree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria)

all images © Ray Woods

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