wellness and psychological health d.olin norco college 2011

HEALTH SCIENCEWellness and Psychological Health

D.Olin Norco College 2011

Our Perception Of Wellness

It Has Changed Over The Last Century….

Let’s Look at Some Statistics...


100 years ago: 1911

1. Antiseptic surgery was only 44 years old (1867)

2. Pharmaceutical & medical developmentNo pasteurized milk 1915Very few public health programs

1920'sNo insulin 1920No sulfa drugs (antibiotics)

1930No penicillin (- antibiotic)

1940'sNo Polio Vaccine

1950'sNo open heart surgery

1950's


Today….

1) Infectious diseases; most are eradicated…

the bacterial, fungal, & parasitica) bubonic plaqueb) polio (viral)c) tetanusd) measles & mumps (viral)


1885 Death rate per 1000 = 25/yr

2000 Death rate per 1000 = 5/yr


Death rate per 1000 per year has dropped from 20 to 5 in 100 years.

• due to medical advance 35%

• due to public health consciousness 50%

• due to personal health consciousness 10-15%


As ..Wellness…….Back Then… used to mean……..

Freedom from Disease

it NOW….Reflects a Broader Meaning..


WELLNESS

Health - used to be the absence of disease

Today – defined as the presence of vitality

& overall well being.


Longevity: average life span average longevity has increased dramatically

• due to drop in infant mortality• due to drop in communicable disease

personal longevity still range roughly 60-80 yrs

Optimal health [WELLNESS]

………A state of complete physical, mental,

& social well being

environmentalsocietal interpersonal spiritual intellectual emotionalphysical



Health - state of being associated with freedom from disease and illness.

Wellness - the positive component of health; sense of well-being; a product; multidimensional

How long can you expect to live? Life expectancy in the United States:

If you lived in the year 1800, you could only expect to live 35 years.

If you lived in the year 1900, you could expect to live 47 years.

you were born in the year 2000, you can expect to live 76.7 years. Imagine living 80 years:

○ Will you have a 25 year old body for 55 years?○ Will you have a 40 year old body for 40 years?○ Will you have a elderly body for 30 years?○ If you live 76.6 years, you can expect 12.5 years to be

impaired.What does this mean?

Why do you think your life expectancy is greater than it was in the years 1800 or 1900?

Why are there differences between women and men? Read about them !



Healthy People 2010 National Health Goals

Increase the span of "healthy" life Eliminate health disparities Increase access to information and services

for all people

Web 01-1

http://www.mhhe.com/corbinweb

What are the leading causes of death in America?

Here are the major causes:Heart diseaseCancerStrokeLung diseaseUnintentional death.Pneumonia/infuenzaDiabetesLiver/kidney diseaseSuicide

Look at your text, and learn what the percentages these represent.

Try to answer this question: How many of these are directly impacted by the choices that people make?


Now that you have thought about how long you can expect to live, you should think about the current death rates in America.

Again, comparisons between years offers a glimpse of some possible reasons:In 1885, 25 out of every 1000 per year died.In 2000? Only 5 out of every 1000 per year.

Historically?Infectious disease (like the flu – influenza) was the

major killer of people.Currently?

Chronic disease is the major killer.○ Most chronic disease is caused by choice or habit.○ THIS is why a course like this is important.

By vaccinating and treating infectious disease, it isn’t a major threat anymore.○ This is generally true in most parts of the world.D.Olin Norco College 2011

How can you be healthier?

First of all, learn the basics about yourself. This course will give you the basic knowledge that you

need.

Apply this knowledge in your life. If you know that how you live your life is unhealthy, should

you change it? If you should change it, CAN you change it?

The concept of “wellness” has evolved over the last couple of decades. Wellness is an expanded idea of health. The ability to live life

fully, and with meaning. Think of wellness as a new “awareness” of your choices.

Living a healthy lifestyle includes many types of concerns: Physical, emotional, emotional, spiritual, interpersonal, social,

environmental.D.Olin Norco College 2011

Some Factors We May or May Not Be Able to Change But….. Contributing factors to health:

GenderEthnicityDisabilityGeographic locationIncome/education levels

Key factors:

Negative Positive

tobacco exercisefatty diets wellnessalcohol awarenessenvironment

You now have an idea about the course, and about the concept of “wellness.”

We will now turn our attention to the concept of psychological health.

Are you normal? Are you healthy?


PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

• Define Psychological Health• Components of Healthy Psychological Life• The Brain’s Role: Some Neurophysiology• A Few Psychological Disorders

• How To Maintain Your Psychological Health


FACT:

¾ of all MENTAL DISORDERS

BEGIN BEFORE AGE 24!

Yet it usually takes decades for people to seek professional help!


What does it Mean

for one to be….

Mentally Healthy?

That is… to have

Psychological Wellness? D.Olin Norco College 2011

:Psychologically Healthy People:

Form Strong and Deep Relationships

Adapt to a Variety of Circumstances

Strive to Achieve Their Full Potential

Have Compassion for Others


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


Some Well Known Self-Actualizers

Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Jane Adams

What Do These People Have In Common?


Some Traits of Self-Actualizers1. Reality-Centered

2. Problem-centered

3. Deeper personal relations

4. Autonomous5. Non-Conformists


Eric Erickson’s Chart of Wellness


Erickson’s 8 Conflicts Trust Vs. Mistrust (Infancy) Autonomy Vs. Shame (Early Child) Initiative VS. Guilt (Play age) Industry Vs. Inferiority (School Age) Identity Vs. Confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy Vs. Isolation (Young Adult) Generativity Vs. Stagnation (Self-

absorption (Middle Age) Integrity Vs. Despair (Elderly)


Erick Erickson on Psychological Development Dr. Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has

been described as an "ego psychologist" studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are marked by a conflict, for which successful resolution will result in a favorable outcome, for example, trust vs. mistrust, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around, for example, the meaning of one's life.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Freudian

Psychology is in the Gray Matter! Many Psychological Disorders ,

Regardless of their Genetics, Result in Biochemical Deficits in Brain Chemistry

Therefore, to really understand a Psychological disorder and its treatment, one must understand the BRAIN!


Let’s Look at Your Brain:


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T2_tse_sag_4mm_rst_flowrec_ani_bionerd.gif

Regions of the Brain

Slide 7.27Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Cerebral hemispheres

· Diencephalon

· Brain stem

· CerebellumFigure 7.12


Cellular Composition of Brain

The human brains is made up of hundreds of billions working cells called the nerve cells or NEURONS and Support cells called GLIA which outnumber the neurons 200 to 1!.


Let’ Look A Little Closer At Neurons And Impulses!

Impulses Travel in One Direction , From Dendrite to soma to axon to axon terminal.

At the axon terminal a neurotransmitter (NT) is released into the synapse

The NT is “received” 0r bound by adjacent neuron at receptors


Neurons: They Never Really Touch!

Communication in the Brain

The Synapse

Neurons Communicate by means of electrical impulses.

Neurotransmitters bind to post-synaptic neuron to stimulate impulse.

Neurotransmitters are then reused by presynaptic neuron or there is REUPTAKE


Neurons Communicate Via Chemicals Called Neurotransmitters

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/weap.html

Presynaptic To Postsynaptic Membrane Communication

Neurotransmitters are chemicals released into the synaptic cleft at the synapse (region of contact)

Stored in vesicles, NTs, when released, activate receptors at postsynaptic membrane.

Acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, Dopamine (examples of NTs)

Nerve Impulse..conduction!

Mental Disorders

What is a MENTAL DISORDER?

What is NORMAL?

WHAT IS NOT NORMAL?


MENTAL DISORDER: Defined A Clinically Significant Behavioral or

Psychological Syndrome or Pattern that occurs in an Individual that is……either

Associated with Distress or

Disability (Loss of Function) or with Significantly Increased Risk of Pain, Suffering even Death or an important Loss of Freedom.


Types of Mental Disorders

1) Personality Disorders

2) Anxiety Disorders

3) Mood Disorders

4) Other Disorders


Personality Disorders

Inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior which deviates markedly from one’s culture.

Paranoid, Schizoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic, Avoidant, Dependent


Antisocial Personality

Shows a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of other people’s rights.

Up to 3.5% manifest an antisocial personality disorder (APA, 1994)

Symptoms: Repeatedly deceitful, irresponsible with money, impulsive, tendency to start fights, egocentric, no regard for safety of self or others.


Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsession – Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that invade consciousness

Compulsion – Repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that a person feels compelled to perform to reduce distress

2% of the U.S. population suffer from OCD (APA, 1994).


What Do We Mean By a “Mood” Disorder?


Mood Disorders Intense emotional disturbance.

May affect normal functioning.

1. DepressionCan range from simple sadness to suicide.55% of people seek treatment (dopamine)Read up on the “warning signs” of suicide.

2. ManiaRestless, little sleep, overwork, spend money.

3. Bi-PolarSevere mood swings between manic and

depressive.

Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression) MOOD SWINGS: Oscillating from

Euphoria to Total Despair, From Happy to Miserable!

CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR, THINKING and PHYSICAL CONDITION – depending on mania or depression.

1% of Population has this disorder! Medication must be taken to control this

condition!


Bipolar And the Creative: A Link?

Many people involved with and arts, such as Vincent van Gogh, are believed to have suffered from bipolar disorder.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg

Schizophrenia A psychological mental illness.

Characterized by a “twisted” view of reality.Abnormal ways of thinking/feeling/behaving.

Delusions Auditory hallucinations.

STRONG GENETIC LINK; Disease is present at birth but manifests around age 21 to 24.

Treated, NOT CURED….with MEDs

Anxiety Disorders

Involve Inordinate fears of certain fears or situations

(Phobias and Panic Attacks) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) –

persistant disturbing thoughts and behaviors

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)


Pharmacological therapy for depression.

Imagine the realization that mood is chemically based.

For example The Link between Low Levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin and some of the major types of depression has led to the development of the ANTIDEPRESSANT

This has lessened the “stigma” attached to therapy.

Basic biochemistry is known!

Treatment options: 1. Antidepressants

Effective in treating panic disorder and anxiety.

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

2. Mood stabilizersPrevents mood swings that occur in bipolar

and schizophrenia patients.Lithium carbonate, Dapakote

Treatment options: 3. Anti-psychotics

Reduce hallucinations with a calming effectHaldol, Prolixin

4. Anxiolytics and hypnoticsCommonly used as sleeping aids.Valium, Librium, Xanax

5. StimulantsRitalin, Dexadrine

Get Your ZZZZZZsss…….

Sleep

is essential for

a person’s health and wellbeing


Besides conserving energy, sleep also invokes survival benefits for humans”


Theories Why We Sleep InactivityTheory: suggests that inactivity at

night is an adaptation that served a survival function by keeping organisms out of harm’s way at times when they would be particularly vulnerable.

Energy Conservation: suggests that the primary function of sleep is to reduce an individual’s energy demand and expenditure during part of the day or night, especially at times when it is least efficient to search for food.


Sleep Theory (cont.) Restorative: Sleep provides an opportunity

for the body to repair and rejuvenate itself.

Restorative Repair Includes:

Muscle growth, tissue Repair, protein synthesis, growth hormone release

**** Let’s not forget the rejuvenating effect sleep has on cognitive. Why?? You ask..

Sleep clears the build-up of ADENOSINE

As does Caffeine….your Java Jolt!


Sleep Stages There are two main stages of sleep called: REM(Rapid

Eye Movement) and NONREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement)E

Non-REM SLEEP has 4 sub stages:

Stage 1- Twilight. small, irregular, rapid electrical waves.

Stage 2- Larger, punctuated bursts of electrical activity. Body slowly functions

Stage 3- Large waves, known as delta waves or Slow wave sleep.

Stage 4=Large delta waves. Slow wave sleep REM SLEEP: Enter this sleep after about an hour of

Non-rem. Torso is paralyzed. Fingers and toes can twitch. (So We Call REM Stage 5 Sleep)


Does the Type of Sleep We Receive Change with Age?


KNOWN SLEEP DISORDERS Sleep Apnea – A temporary suspension of breathing during sleep.

Signs of sleep apnea include snoring, daytime sleepiness and pauses in breathing. (Read about causes and symptoms)

Parasomnias – Undesirable physical events or experiences that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep or during arousal from sleep. Some examples of parasomnias include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, REM sleep behavioral disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralyses, nightmare disorder, restless legs syndrome, bed wetting and sleep related eating disorder.

Narcolepsy – Extreme sleepiness that occurs during the day, making it difficult for a person to stay awake for normal daytime functions.

Insomnia – The persistent difficulty of falling or staying asleep which may be caused by underlying psychological factors including depression and anxiety.


More About Sleep

You Can’t Save or Store It!

But You Can Accumulate A Debt..Called “SLEEP DEPT” And must Pay it

Alcohol does NOT facilitate a good night sleep but rather disrupts its.


We are finished for this week! Next week…Stress


wellness and psychological health d.olin norco college 2011

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