Welcome you allWelcome you all

Dilip Kumar Sarker Dilip Kumar Sarker

Programmer Programmer

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ERGONOMICSERGONOMICS

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Why Ergonomics?Why Ergonomics?Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) are on the rise with the Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) are on the rise with the

modernization of offices. As the name suggests, disorder modernization of offices. As the name suggests, disorder arises over time; they are cumulative. Most common arises over time; they are cumulative. Most common disorders found in the office environment including:disorders found in the office environment including:

Back and neck problemBack and neck problem Eye stressEye stress Tendonitis Tendonitis Carpal Tunnel syndromeCarpal Tunnel syndrome

What is ergonomics?

The study of relationship between man and his working environment, with special reference to anatomical, physiological and psychological factors.

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How to cope with?How to cope with?Prevention from the onset, through evaluation of the office Prevention from the onset, through evaluation of the office environment and proper office design and layout will create a environment and proper office design and layout will create a healthy work environment.healthy work environment.

Eyes should be approximately 24-36 inches away from the screen, where the neck is bent with in a 15 degree angle up or down. Top of the screen just below the eye level.

The back and shoulder should be relaxed and in a natural position, with the worker sitting firmly against the back of the chair.

Elbow should rest comfortably on arm rest, yet closely to the side of the body , in a 90 degree angle.

Wrist should extend from the arms at this angle as well. Fingers are slightly curved upward, where the key motion is gentle and comfortable.

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Planning For an officePlanning For an office Planning for an office involves many details including following key concerns:Planning for an office involves many details including following key concerns:

Spatial Design and LayoutSpatial Design and Layout

Furniture DesignFurniture Design

Electrical requirement facilitiesElectrical requirement facilities

Lightings ArrangementsLightings Arrangements

Aeration opportunitiesAeration opportunities

Safety requirementsSafety requirements

CommunicationCommunication

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What is Office Layout?What is Office Layout?

The art or process of arranging office is The art or process of arranging office is called office layout.called office layout.

Why Office Layout is important?Why Office Layout is important?

Increased output

Employee motivation

Less casualty

Customer satisfaction

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OFFICE DESIGN/LAYOUTOFFICE DESIGN/LAYOUT

Spatial Design and LayoutSpatial Design and LayoutHow you use your space is critical in determining how to How you use your space is critical in determining how to

structure the layout of your office.structure the layout of your office.

Paper workPaper workComputer ActivitiesComputer ActivitiesProjectsProjectsStoresStoresKitchenKitchen

Electrical RequirementsElectrical Requirements LightingLighting

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Plan for accessible file systemsPlan for accessible file systemsAllocate space for storage of office Allocate space for storage of office

suppliessupplies

UtilitiesUtilities

Marketing materialsMarketing materials

Fax SuppliesFax Supplies

Printer SuppliesPrinter Supplies

Copier Supplies etc.Copier Supplies etc.

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Electrical RequirementsElectrical Requirements

Plan for these electrical needsPlan for these electrical needs OutletsOutlets

ComputersComputersCopiersCopiersFansFansFax machinesFax machinesLightingsLightingsPrintersPrintersScannerScannerTelephone and Phone linesTelephone and Phone linesUPSUPS

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Hazards & FireHazards & Fire

• Fire ExtinguisherFire Extinguisher• Water HoseWater Hose• Fire BrigadeFire Brigade• Dust & GritDust & Grit• ChemicalsChemicals• ExplosivesExplosives• PoisonsPoisons• Corrosive materialsCorrosive materials

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LightingLighting Ambient LightAmbient Light Task LightTask Light Natural LightNatural Light

SoundSound• AcousticsAcoustics

Air QualityAir Quality• AerationAeration• SmellSmell

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Performance

Intrinsic rewards

(outcomes)

Extrinsic rewards

(outcomes)

Perceived Equity

Satisfaction

Figure: The Porter-Lawler Extension of Expectancy Theory 2424

High Quality building can increase productivity 10-20%High Quality building can increase productivity 10-20%

A 1% Improvement in A 1% Improvement in productivityproductivity

Effective ventilation, Effective ventilation, adequate lighting, good adequate lighting, good acoustics and indoor air acoustics and indoor air qualityquality

Equals 10% of the Equals 10% of the facility, operating facility, operating cost, or the entire cost, or the entire utility billutility bill

Can increase Can increase productivity by 6-16%productivity by 6-16%

Benefit of Good office layoutBenefit of Good office layout

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Computer Computer Programmer with Programmer with large work spaces large work spaces and less acoustics and less acoustics and visual disruptionand visual disruption

The installation of The installation of new high new high performance lighting performance lighting ballastsballasts

Performed 2.6 times Performed 2.6 times better than other better than other programmersprogrammers

Has shown a Has shown a dramatic reduction dramatic reduction in the incidence of in the incidence of headaches and headaches and eyestrain.eyestrain.

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REMEDIESREMEDIES

Are your legs often stiff and cramped, do you have swelling and numbness in your ankles and feet?

If so, your chair height might need adjusting or you may need a footrest.

Do you feel exhausted at the end of the day?

If so, assess your lifestyle habit for possible contributing factor: Good nutrition, exercise, rest and stress reduction. Good ergonomics at home and micro-breaks at work can improve your health and comfort on and off the job.

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Are your eyes really tired at the end of the day?

If so, you may need to adjust your display or lighting and to practice eye fitness training.

Are your neck and shoulders often stiff and sore?

If so, your chair height, display or key board/mouse may need adjusting. Check your reach distance and phone posture. 2828

Do you feel tingling, numbness or pain in your forearms, wrists or hands?

If so, your chair height or keyboard/mouse may need adjusting. Also check your sitting posture and wrist position.

Do you ever feel pain or discomfort in your Do you ever feel pain or discomfort in your back ?back ?

If so, you might need to adjust your backrest or If so, you might need to adjust your backrest or posture.posture.

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INTERRUPTIONSINTERRUPTIONS

Understand the main reason people cause an Understand the main reason people cause an interruptioninterruption

Average interruption cost anywhere between 10-20 Average interruption cost anywhere between 10-20 minutes of precious time a person gets back on track minutes of precious time a person gets back on track with what they were originally thinking/ doingwith what they were originally thinking/ doing

If you late to a meeting do not silently chat to the next If you late to a meeting do not silently chat to the next person inquiring what you missed. Ask you colleagues person inquiring what you missed. Ask you colleagues after meeting. Never ask the facilitator.after meeting. Never ask the facilitator.

Be responsible with your punctuality so as to avoid the Be responsible with your punctuality so as to avoid the cause of interruption.cause of interruption.

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Respect your peers time and space. Socialize Respect your peers time and space. Socialize only when and where it is conducive to all only when and where it is conducive to all involvedinvolved

If you are interrupted, feel free to let someone If you are interrupted, feel free to let someone know that you need time to finish what you are know that you need time to finish what you are working on.working on.

Pay attention to your body language when at Pay attention to your body language when at your desk.your desk.

Continue to tolerate interruptions is one of the Continue to tolerate interruptions is one of the main cause for people working long hours –----- main cause for people working long hours –----- disrupting family times-----.disrupting family times-----.

80% of the interruptions generated repetitively 80% of the interruptions generated repetitively by 20% of the people we work with.by 20% of the people we work with.

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Work SimplificationWork Simplification

DecentralizationDecentralizationDelegationDelegationCooperationCooperationCoordinationCoordinationOutsourcingOutsourcingStructured ApproachStructured Approach

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Thank you very much Thank you very much

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