welcome to unit 4 seminar!. copyright © 2005 by elsevier inc. all rights reserved. slid e 2...
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Welcome to Unit Welcome to Unit 4 4
Seminar!Seminar!
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Components of the Components of the Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Skin and accessory organs:◦Hair◦Nails◦Glands◦Skin layers◦Dermis◦Epidermis◦Subcutaneous layer
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Common Skin Condition Common Skin Condition Symptoms Symptoms
cutaneous lesions or eruptionspruritis (itching)painedema (swelling)erythema (redness)inflammation
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Slide 4
A Few Common Skin A Few Common Skin LesionsLesionsmaculeplaquecystpustulescaleburrow
papulenodulevesiclecrustfissurecomedo
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Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the SkinSkinDermatitis – inflammation of the skin
Pruritus, erythema, & cutaneous lesions
Acute, subacute, or chronic.
Seborrheic dermatitisContact dermatitisAtopic dermatitis (eczema)
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Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the Skin Skin (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
The differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis:
◦seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum
◦contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen. Inherited and family history of allergic
conditions
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Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the Skin Skin
Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles.
Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles.Both are caused by the herpes
varicella-zoster virus
Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Dystrophy Dystrophy
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Common Diseases of Common Diseases of the Skin the Skin Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin
infection. Cause: streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus.◦Lesions : legs, face, trunk, and arms.
Spread easily.◦Small vesicles surrounded by a circle of
reddened skin & pruritus.
Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Produce enzymes that break down the skin cells.
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Slide 10
Dermatophytoses ( page Dermatophytoses ( page 250-251)250-251)Fungal infection of the skin:
Tinea capitisTinea corporis (ringworm)Tinea unguium Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)Tinea cruris (jock itch)
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Other Diseases of the SkinOther Diseases of the Skin
Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin
- Impaired blood supply to the area
Early signs – shiny, red area over a bony prominence
Other signs – blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration.
Osteomyelitis and/or gangrene may result
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Benign TumorsBenign Tumors
Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis. ( pasted onto the skin).
Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body.
Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Premalignant TumorsPremalignant Tumors
Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body
Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.
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Skin Carcinomas Skin Carcinomas Non-melanoma skin cancers
◦Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)◦Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)◦Destruction of nerves, lymphatics,
blood vessels, bones and cartilages
Malignant melanomasThe ABCs of malignant melanoma P.262:
A = asymmetry B = border C = color D = diameter
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Slide 15
The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System
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Slide 16
Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia: a chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown.
• Eighteen tender points used in diagnosis• Treatment options• Stress reduction• Physical activity• Medications
FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia
www.mc.edu/campus/users/jbaker/mariannaspage.html
Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
The Skeletal The Skeletal SystemSystem
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Slide 19
Skeletal tissueSkeletal tissue
Ligaments: tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together
Tendons: strong, tough cords of dense connective tissue that usually attach muscle to bone
Cartilage: semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissue
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Major Spinal Disorders Major Spinal Disorders
Lordosis: an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine
Kyphosis: an abnormal outward curvature of the spine
Scoliosis: a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
ScoliosisScoliosis
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19466.htm19466.htm
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Treatment OptionsTreatment Options◦Lordosis : weight loss; exercises to
strengthen abdomen; pelvic tilt exercises
Kyphosis: exercises to strengthen muscles and ligaments; back brace to stabilize condition; spinal fusion and temporary immobilization; vertebroplasty
Scoliosis: exercise to strengthen weak muscles ;back brace; fusion of the vertebrae
OsteomyelitisOsteomyelitis
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/9712.htm
serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment
Caused by bacterial organisms, viruses, and fungi
Characterized by inflammation, swelling, redness, pain, localized heat, and tenderness
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OsteomalaciaOsteomalaciaa defective mineralization of the
bones, causing them to become soft, flexible, and deformed
Rickets: osteomalacia in children. Affects the growing skeleton.
Treatment: ◦ vitamin D supplements◦ add vitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin to diet◦ exposure to sunlight
What Disease/Condition What Disease/Condition Am I?Am I?