welcome to social psychology: lecture #1 topics who is so-jin kang? your expectations for this...
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Welcome to Social Psychology:Lecture #1 topics
Who is So-Jin Kang? Your expectations for this course Course syllabus Research in social psychology
What is social psychology? Correlational designs vs. experimental designs Examples of experiments with 1 vs. 2 independent
variables
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Introduction:Who is So-Jin Kang?
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Your expectations:What do you want from this course?
What do you hope to gain from this course? What 3 qualities make a good instructor? Tell me 3 interesting things about yourself.
REMEMBER: Keep this anonymous!
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What is social psychology?
the _________ study of how _________ think, feel, and behave in regards to _________ .
how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are affected by others
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Why study social psychology?
BEAUTY AND BRAINS DON’T MIX:
Attractive people are seen as less smart
than unattractive people.
For example…
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Why study social psychology?
vs
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Why study social psychology?
PEOPLE WILL LIKE AN ACTIVITY MORE
IF YOU REWARD THEM:
They come to associate positive reinforcement
with the activity.
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Why study social psychology?
PLAYING VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES
RELEASES AGGRESSION:
People will be less likely to vent their
anger in other violent ways.
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Why study social psychology?
hindsight bias:
_________ our ability to have predicted an
outcome _________ the outcome is known.
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Correlational designs
measure the _________ between variables _________ manipulated by the researcher
correlations tell us: how _________ 2 measures are how well 1 variable can _________ another
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Correlational designs
- _________ ≥ r ≥ + _________
r = _________ of relationship
+ / - = _________ of relationship
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Correlational designs
If r = +1.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Self-Esteem
Po
pu
lari
ty
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Correlational designs
If r = -1.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Stress
Hap
pin
ess
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Correlational designs
If r = 0.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Flossing Frequency
Rai
nfa
ll
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Correlational designs
Main advantage:
lets you examine relations between variables that are _________ / _________ to _________
Main disadvantage:
_________ ≠ _________
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Correlational designs
If x and y are correlated, it could be because:
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ AND _________
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Correlational designs
An example:
If self-esteem and popularity are positively
correlated, it could be because:
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ AND _________
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Experimental designs
establish _________ relationships between variables
_________ 1 or 2 variables to see the effect on another variable
TWO KEY CHARACTERISTICS: _________ _________
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Experimental designs
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL IS ACHIEVED BY: _________ procedure, setting, behaviour _________ of 1 or 2 variables at a time
independent variable (IV):
variable that is _________
dependent variable (DV):
variable that is _________
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Experimental designs
RANDOM ASSIGNMENT:
all participants have _________ chance of receiving a given manipulation
idiosyncratic factors _________ in all conditions ensures no systematic differences between
conditions, EXCEPT for _________ itself
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Experiment with 1 independent variable
independent
variable
dependent
variable
conceptual
variables
operational
variables
type of TV show
# punches to
Bobo doll
HYPOTHESIS: TV violence causes aggression.
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Experiment with 1 independent variable
0123456789
10
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
RESULTS:
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
independent
variable #1
independent
variable #2
dependent
variable
conceptual
variables
operational
variables
type of TV show
temperature of lab room
# punches to
Bobo doll
HYPOTHESIS: TV violence causes aggression,
but ONLY in hot temperatures.
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Cool room
(20C)
Hot room
(35C)
Sopranos Sesame Street
Sopranos Sesame Street
# of punches to Bobo
doll
? ? ? ?
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
RESULTS: main effect for _________
main effect for _________
interaction between _________ & _________
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
main effect:
_________ all other independent variables,
_________ effect of 1 independent variable on the
dependent variable
interaction:
when the effect of 1 independent variable on the
dependent variable _________ on the _________
of the 2nd independent variable.
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
MAIN EFFECT FOR TV SHOW:
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n average # of punches thrown by Sesame Street viewers = _________ average # of punches thrown by Sopranos viewers = _________
REGARDLESS of temperature, Sopranos viewers threw _________ punches than Sesame Street viewers.
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
MAIN EFFECT FOR TEMPERATURE:
0123456789
10111213
Cool room Hot room
Room temperature
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n average # of punches thrown by people in cool room = _________ average # of punches thrown by people in hot room = _________
REGARDLESS of TV show, people in the hotter room threw _________ punches thanpeople in the cooler room.
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Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
INTERACTION: no effect of temperature among Sesame Street viewers
large effect of temperature on Sopranos viewers: _________
viewers were _________
violent than _________
viewers
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Experimental designs
Main advantage:
lets you establish _________ relations between variables
Main disadvantage:
findings may not be _________ to different populations, settings (_________ validity)