Welcome to Class!Welcome to Class!Pick-up notes hand-out for todayPick-up notes hand-out for todayLast day for Make-up workLast day for Make-up workCold War Test Tuesday!Cold War Test Tuesday!

John F. Kennedy (p. 63-64)John F. Kennedy (p. 63-64)

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:

How did JFK address issues of the Cold War?How did JFK address issues of the Cold War?

What was included in Kennedy’s New Frontier?What was included in Kennedy’s New Frontier?

How did JFK’s assassination affect the country?How did JFK’s assassination affect the country?

Election of 1960

-John F. Kennedy–Dem.

promised active leadership

-Richard Nixon Rep. ran on Eisenhower’s popularity

-religious issue: JFK Roman Catholic—fear of stronger church/state relationship

-impact of television first televised debate, shows Kennedy as charismatic

-Kennedy wins very close election by approx. 100,119

takes a hard line on communism

http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1960/jingle

Election of 1960

Camelot

Grace, Elegance, and Wit

-”ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.”

-special focus on American culture

-Jackie Kennedy

fashion

Public is fascinated with first family

-The Best and the Brightest team of advisors, relied heavily on brother Robert Kennedy

-feelings of hope and prosperity were offered by Kennedy and his family—these idyllic years became known as the Camelot Years

Foreign Policy & the Foreign Policy & the Kennedy YearsKennedy Years

Cuban Revolution

-1959 Fidel Castro leads revolution, he welcomes Soviet aid

-turns to communist system—Castro is dictator

-confiscated lands of large corporations (American owned)

-trade barriers set

-seen as threat to the U.S.

-many Cubans go into exile fleeing to Miami, FL and Guatemala

Bay of Pigs

-Cuban exiles to try to overthrow Castro with help from CIA, JFK weary, but approved

-U.S. gives exiles military aid, nothing goes as planned

-Attack at the Bay of Pigs is a great failure greeted by 25,000 troops and tanks with Soviet support

-embarrassment to the U.S. and Kennedy

-Cuba turns to USSR for more aid

Berlin Wall-millions of East Germans moved West—trying to escape the oppression of Communism

-Soviets want East Germany recognized as new nation, both want to avoid war

-wall built to separate East and West, roads to Western Europe still open for supplies/food, built in a matter of days

-seem as symbol of communism—keeps Eastern Berlin residents from leaving

-over 200 people died trying to flee

Kennedy says we must support West Berlin

-wall remained up for 28 years, its fall in 1989 helped mark an end to the Cold War

Cuban Missile Crisis

-Soviets place missiles in Cuba

-Oct. 1962

-U.S. spy planes get intelligence, missiles found, they are set and ready to be launched

Kennedy’s response:

1. demanded removal: any attack will result in war with Soviets

2. U.S. blockades Cuba-- 500 mile radius

Example of brinkmanship— on verge of war

USSR backs down if US agrees not to invade Cuba

Both countries agree, crisis ends peacefully.

Easing Tensions

Two events under Kennedy helped ease Cold War tensions:

1. Hotline established between leaders--direct phone connection between White House and Soviet Capital (Kremlin)

2. Kennedy and Khrushchev: signed treaty banning nuclear testing above ground

John F. Kennedy REVEIWJohn F. Kennedy REVEIW1.1. How did television help Kennedy win the election of How did television help Kennedy win the election of

1960?1960?2.2. Who ran against JFK?Who ran against JFK?3.3. The time period of JFK being in office was known as The time period of JFK being in office was known as

___________ .___________ .4.4. What leader had come into power in Cuba and what What leader had come into power in Cuba and what

kind of gov’t was implemented there?kind of gov’t was implemented there?5.5. What attempt to overthrow the communist regime in What attempt to overthrow the communist regime in

Cuba was a failure?Cuba was a failure?6.6. What happened in the city of Berlin that was seen as a What happened in the city of Berlin that was seen as a

symbol of communism?symbol of communism?7.7. How did Kennedy react to the formation of the Berlin How did Kennedy react to the formation of the Berlin

Wall?Wall?8.8. What two things did Kennedy do to deal with the Cuban What two things did Kennedy do to deal with the Cuban

Missile Crisis?Missile Crisis?9.9. In what two ways was Kennedy able to ease tensions In what two ways was Kennedy able to ease tensions

with the Soviet Union?with the Soviet Union?

JFK and Domestic PoliciesJFK and Domestic Policies

New Frontier

New Frontier—name of Kennedy’s legislative program

Focus was on: medical care for the poor, urban renewal (improvements in cities), education improvements

-Congress resisted his programs like they had Truman’s —coalition between S. Democrats and Republicans

-Kennedy took very few political risks in beginning because he lacked a voter’s mandate or clear sign of voter’s support

did very little for poverty or civil rights in first years b/c he wanted the public’s support

New Frontier

-deficit spending to boost economy much like FDR, spend more than you make

-increased defense spending flexible response, 20% increase, expanded armed forces

-Peace Corp created, 1961

volunteer program to help poverty stricken nations

Many college grads

-Alliance for Progress- program designed to give aid to poverty stricken Latin American nations

-1963 saw a new Kennedy that pushed for civil rights, end to poverty, lower taxes

Kennedy and Kennedy and Civil Rights:Civil Rights:

Appointed African Appointed African Americans to federal Americans to federal positions positions

Supported Freedom Supported Freedom RidersRiders

Ended discrimination in Ended discrimination in housinghousing

Ordered federal Ordered federal protection of James protection of James Meredith in integrating Meredith in integrating Univ. of MississippiUniv. of Mississippi

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed within on year passed within on year of assassinationof assassination

Race to the Moon

-Sputnik satellite started space race in 1957— launched by USSR

-1961 USSR sends first man to space

-Kennedy challenges national leaders to get us to the moon— he expresses the “spirit of the space race” to the people

-creation of NASA

Alan Shepard-first American in space

John Glenn -first to orbit

-program had several setbacks

-goal of the moon reached July, 1969 (after JFK’s death)

Neil Armstrong- first on the moon

Tragedy

Fall of 1963, JFK losing popularity b/c of his support of Civil Rights

-Nov. 22, 1963 go to Dallas to mend fences with the Dem. Party in TX

-Kennedy assassinated while riding in a parade

-Texas School Book Depository (state building where shot came from)

-Lyndon B. Johnson became president sworn in on Air Force One

-Lee Harvey Oswald arrested for the crime

rifle with fingerprints

shady past

-Jack Ruby kills Oswald just days after his arrest for Kennedy’s assassination on television

Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.in 1846.John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.in 1946.

Abraham Lincoln was elected President in Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.1860.John F. Kennedy was elected President in John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.1960.

The names Lincoln and Kennedy each The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.contain seven letters.Both were particularly concerned with civil Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.rights.Both wives lost children while living in the Both wives lost children while living in the White House.White House.

Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.Both Presidents were shot in the head.Both Presidents were shot in the head.

Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.

Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both successors were named Johnson.Both successors were named Johnson.

Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.was born in 1808.Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.was born in 1908.

John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in 1839.Lincoln, was born in 1839.Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939.Kennedy, was born in 1939.

Both assassins were known by their three Both assassins were known by their three names.names.Both names are comprised of fifteen letters.Both names are comprised of fifteen letters.

Lincoln was shot at the theater named Lincoln was shot at the theater named "Ford's"."Ford's".Kennedy was shot in a car called "Lincoln - Kennedy was shot in a car called "Lincoln - made by Ford Motor Co".made by Ford Motor Co".

Booth ran from the theater and was caught Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse.in a warehouse.Oswald ran from a warehouse and was Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater.caught in a theater.

Both John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Both John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Oswald were assassinated before their trials. Oswald were assassinated before their trials.

Here's a little part of US history which makes you sit up and go hmm...Here's a little part of US history which makes you sit up and go hmm...

Unanswered Questions

-Conspiracy theories— skeptic beliefs that attempt to explain a plot or cover-up of an event

lone assassin

magic bullet theory

Grassy Knoll

-Warren CommissionWarren Commission:: Chief Earl Warren

investigated the event and pronounced Oswald the lone assassin

1979--Congressional investigation suggested other involvement by unknowns and that Oswald had been part of a conspiracy theory

JFK in ReviewJFK in Review10.10. What was the name of Kennedy’s program?What was the name of Kennedy’s program?11.11. What did his program aim to do?What did his program aim to do?12.12. What was the purpose of the Peace Corp?What was the purpose of the Peace Corp?13.13. What was designed to What was designed to designed to give aid to poverty stricken Latin

American nations?14. What are three ways Kennedy showed support of Civil Rights?15. Who are:

► Alan Sheppard► John Glen► Neil Armstrong

16. Who killed JFK ?17. Who killed JFK’s assassin?18. What was the name of the court who pronounced JFK’s killer? 19. What did the 1979 Congressional investigations reveal about the JFK

assassination? 20. What other presidential assassination is similar in various ways to the

JFK assassination? Name two similarities.

ACTIVITYACTIVITYComplete matching 1-15 on other side of JFK Quick ReviewComplete matching 1-15 on other side of JFK Quick ReviewStudy guideStudy guide