welcome to 19 september 20151. workshop content framing learning objectives developing a spray...
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Welcome to
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WORKSHOP CONTENTWORKSHOP CONTENT
• Framing Learning Objectives
• Developing a Spray Diagram?
• Must, Should & Could Analysis?
• Structuring Principles
• Visual Aids – Use & Design
• Role of Feedback
• Factors Influencing Discussion
• Role of Questions In The Learning Process.
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DEFINITION OF `LEARNING'DEFINITION OF `LEARNING'
• `Get knowledge or skill, ability to - by study, experience or being taught'
• `Commit to memory'
• `Become aware of information, or … from
observation'
• `Receive instruction …, become informed'
Oxford English Dictionary19 April 2023 3
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DEFINITION OF `TRAINING'DEFINITION OF `TRAINING'
• A planned processA planned process
• to modify attitude, knowledge or skillto modify attitude, knowledge or skill
• through learning experiencethrough learning experience
• to achieve effective performanceto achieve effective performance
• in an activity or range of activities ….in an activity or range of activities ….
• to satisfy … needs of organisation' to satisfy … needs of organisation'
Glossary of Glossary of TrainingTraining Terms Terms19 April 2023 4
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BEHAVIOUR BEHAVIOUR
TRAINING
‘The systematic development of the attitude /Knowledge / skill behaviour pattern required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or job.’19 April 2023 5
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BEHAVIOURBEHAVIOUR
Knowledge - knowing what and how to
do it
- facts, procedures
- standards
- working environment
Skills - having the ability to do it
- physical
- interpersonal, social
- intellectual
Attitude - willingness to do it
- to people, quality, safety
- willingness to change 19 April 2023 6
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
At the end of this learning unit learners will be able to ...
know state
understand explain
appreciate describe
working knowledge demonstrate
be aware of identify19 April 202319 April 2023 77
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FOUR WAYS OF LEARNING
There are at least four ways in producing
relatively permanent alternations in how we do
things:
• Being Told
• Imitation
• Trial and Error
• Thinking19 April 2023 8
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PRODUCTIVETASK
REPRODUCTIVETASK
Reproductive tasks - where there is one, clearly defined procedure or method
Productive tasks - where there are alternative ways of doing the task, or where creativity is encouraged
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April 19, 2023 Training Methods 10
LECTURETraineTrainerr
TraineesTrainees19 April 2023 10
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WORD PROCESSING
WPProgrammesWindows Filing
Electronic
Systems
Paper
StorageUses
Mailing
StandardLetters
LibraryBank
IncentivesWork
Changes
RolesFatigue
TrainingNeeds
SoftwareEquipment
Support
People
Scriptwriters
Keyboard Skills
Training Needs Standards
Edit Facilities
ModificationErrorCorrection
HardwareComputer
PrinterPerformance
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DECIDING CONTENT –DECIDING CONTENT –EDITING SPRAY DIAGRAMEDITING SPRAY DIAGRAM
COULDCOULD
MUSTMUST
SHOULD
OBJECTIVE
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STRUCTURING THE CONTENTSTRUCTURING THE CONTENT
• Where a trainee is prepared for instruction
• where instruction is carried out and a trainee learns
• where instruction is consolidated and objective achieved.
BEGINNING
MIDDLE
END
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INTRODUCTIONInterest - arouse the trainee's interest in
learning
Need - explain the need for learning
Title - state the title, subject, or purpose, or
aim
Range - state how far, how deep, what aids
Objective - observable, achievable, testable.
INTRO19 April 2023 16
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STRUCTURING PRINCIPLES
• Known
• Concrete
• General
• Simple
• Observation
• Unknown
• Abstract
• Particular
• Complex
• Theory
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C CONTENT
O ORDER
V VISUALS
E EYE CONTACT
R REINFORCE
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POWER OF THE SENSES
Smell 3 %
Taste 3 %
Touch 6 %
Hearing 13 %
Sight 75 %
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WE REMEMBER :
10 % of what we read
20 % of what we hear
30 % of what we see
50 % of what we see and hear
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PURPOSE OF VISUAL AIDS
• To help learning
• To clarify and simplify
• To help maintain interest
• To help emphasize key points
AVOID• Talking to them
• Reading them word for word
• Waving pointer
• Putting too many words on visual
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RULE OF SEVEN
Not More Than Seven Words In A
Line
Not More Than Seven Lines In A
Slide / Transparency
Size Of Letters 7mm19 April 2023 22
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SIZE OF LETTERS – THIS IS THIRTYSIX SIZE FONT
This Is Thirty Two Size Font
This Is Twenty Eight Size Font
This Is Twenty Four Size Font
This Is Twenty Size Font
This Is Eighteen Size Font
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S - SUMMARY
L - LINK
A - ASK QUESTIONS
T - TEST UNDERSTANDING
E - EXTEND LEARNING
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CONSOLIDATE LEARNING
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Objective What do you want your learners to be able to DO at the end of your lecture?
Learners Range of experience?Your relationship with learners?
Learning Structuring the topicEvent Visual aids
TimingsAssessment Tests
Question and answerOpinion
STRUCTURING A Lecture
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FEEDBACK : SALIENT FEATURES
Purpose : To Help The Receiver (Learner) To Improve
Effective Feedback Must Be
Supportive
Constructive
Understandable
Well-timed
Requires Trust
Can Be Uncomfortable & Threatening19 April 2023 26
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POSITIVEPOSITIVEOPINIONOPINION
POSITIVEPOSITIVEFACTSFACTS
NEGATIVENEGATIVE OPINIONOPINION
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE FACTSFACTS
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RECEIVING FEEDBACK
• Be Positive to the Feedback - Value the Help Given
• Listen - Don't React
• Try to See It From the Giver's Point of View
• Clarify and Check Your Understanding
• Compare With Feedback From Others
• Ask for Detail Not Given
• Explore Options
• Decide Future Course of Action 29
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DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
Trainer
Trainees
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PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION
• Share views
• Collect and generate ideas
• Obtain reactions or agreement
• Motivation
• Team building
• Quality circles
• Attitude change
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April 19, 2023 Training Methods 32
TWO FACTORS INFLUENCING A DISCUSSION
Incr
easing
Effec
tiven
ess
Quality of Questions
Group Behaviour
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LEARNING QUESTIONS Questions Are Used To Promote Learning. They
Challenge Assumptions;Compare Opinions; And Generally Encourage The Development Of A Deeper Understanding.
Learning Questions Can Be Considered To Fall Into Two Broad Categories, Low Order Questions And High Order Questions.
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LEARNING QUESTIONS
HIGH ORDER
Stimulate thinking Build on existing knowledgeApply ideas to new situations
LOW ORDER
Recall of informationRight or wrong answersKnown or existing situations
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TACTICAL QUESTIONS Tactical Questions Are Used When Learning Gets Limited. They May Be Necessary To:
To Bring Participants Into The Discussion;To Acknowledge The Contribution Of Others; And To Get The Discussion To Move On.
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April 19, 2023 Training Methods 36
KEY QUESTIONS
• High order
• Prepared in advance
• Open
• Stimulate contributions
• Non-threatening
• Relevant to learning needs
• Related to entry behaviour19 April 2023 36
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