welcomeSubmitted by:- Joshi Aditi

Reg.No:-12-00051-2012

Submitted to:- Dr. Anurag yadav

Airborne Pathogens and Respirator Use

Airborne Pathogens

• Tuberculosis• Influenza• Avian Influenza• SARS

What is tuberculosis (TB)?Disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosisChronic bacterial infectionWas once the leading cause of death in USThe number of cases declined in the 1940’s when drugs were developed to treat TBTB is still a problem worldwide (NIAID)

8 million people develop TB yearly3 million die

How is TB spread?Through the air from person to person by coughingUsually attacks lungsTwo stages

Latent TB• asymptomatic and not contagious• can take medication to prevent development of

diseaseActive TB Disease

• May spread to others• May have abnormal chest x-ray• Usually have positive skin test

Symptoms of TB

ChillsFeverWeakness or fatigueSweating while sleeping, Night sweatsCough that lasts longer than 2 weeksPain in chestCoughing up blood or sputum

Influenza

“I had a little bird, His name was Enza, I opened the window and in flew Enza.”

-Children’s nursery rhyme about the flu epidemic of 1918

What is influenza (“the flu”)?

Disease caused by a virusRespiratoryMore severe than a cold10%-20% of US residents will

get the flu each year (CDC)Can lead to complications for some people36,000 people die each year from complications (CDC)

Types of influenza virus

Influenza AMost common and most seriousCan lead to epidemics

Influenza BCan also cause epidemicsSymptoms are milder

Influenza CNever connected with large epidemics

How is influenza spread?

Flu season is from November to MarchRespiratory droplets

CoughingSneezingDroplets on objects

Contagious from 1 day before symptoms start to 7 days after symptoms start (CDC)

Symptoms

Cough and congestionFeverHeadacheBody AchesGeneral malaiseSore throat

Avian InfluenzaFebruary 2004: 72,000 chickens were slaughtered in Delaware after two cases of Avian Influenza were found at a poultry farm under contract for Perdue Farms, Inc.

What is Avian Influenza?

Influenza virus that can infect birds and humansType A influenza3 Type A viruses and each have 9 subtypes

H5: can be high or low pathogenic; can cause severe illness or deathH7: can be high or low pathogenic; infections are rare and symptoms are mildH9: low pathogenic; very rare in humans

Symptoms

Same as typical flu-like symptomsConjunctivitisPneumoniaSevere respiratory

distress

SARSSevere Acute Respiratory

SyndromeThe 2003 global SARS outbreak led to over 8,000 people becoming ill, and 774 deaths. It is estimated the panic caused by the disease cost Canada $1 billion in lost tourism and all of Asia over $28 billion. (BBC News)

What is SARS?Center for Disease Control Definition

SARS is a respiratory illness of unknown etiology. It was first identified in February 2003.SARS was first noticed in Southeast Asia. To date more than 100 cases have been reported in the United StatesPublic health experts think that SARS is spread by close contact between people

Symptoms of SARSFever or hot to touchANDCoughANDClinical findings of respiratory distressAND

Travel within 10 days to an area with suspected community transmission OR Close contact within 10 days with a person with a respiratory illness or someone sick from SARS

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