2010-20112010-2011

NAMENAME-SHUBHANGI BHAG -SHUBHANGI BHAG AWAT KATORE AWAT KATORE

OROR RANJANA DAGADU RANJANA DAGADU

KARPEKARPEGUIDANCEGUIDANCE--DR.BAMDR.BAM

•POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• PollutionPollution is the introduction of contaminants into is the introduction of contaminants into

a natural environment that causes instability, a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystemecosystem i.e. i.e. physical systems or living organisms.physical systems or living organisms.[1][1] Pollution Pollution can take the form of can take the form of chemical substanceschemical substances or or energyenergy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, , such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is often classed as Pollution is often classed as point sourcepoint source or or nonpointnonpoint source pollution source pollution. The . The Blacksmith InstituteBlacksmith Institute issues annually a list of the world's worst polluted issues annually a list of the world's worst polluted places. In the 2007 issues the ten top places. In the 2007 issues the ten top

WATERWATER POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

MEANINGMEANINGWater pollution is the contamination of water

bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when

pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to

remove harmful compounds.Water pollution affects plants and organisms

living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to

individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

Causes of water pollutionCauses of water pollution•

The major sources of water pollution are as described below. The major sources of water pollution are as described below. Discharge of contaminated and/or heated water that has been Discharge of contaminated and/or heated water that has been used for industrial purposes. The surface runoff that contains used for industrial purposes. The surface runoff that contains spilled petroleum products. The surface runoff from farms, spilled petroleum products. The surface runoff from farms, construction sites or other impervious surfaces. The improper construction sites or other impervious surfaces. The improper disposal of solid wastes like littering on a localized scale. disposal of solid wastes like littering on a localized scale. Addition of excessive nutrients by runoff containing detergents Addition of excessive nutrients by runoff containing detergents or fertilizers called as eutrophication. The geology of aquifers or fertilizers called as eutrophication. The geology of aquifers where groundwater is abstracted. Maltreated sewage where groundwater is abstracted. Maltreated sewage discharged in a wrong manner. Slash and burn farming practice discharged in a wrong manner. Slash and burn farming practice is a component in shifting cultivation agricultural systems. is a component in shifting cultivation agricultural systems. Radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and Radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and industrial, medical and scientific use are also contributive. industrial, medical and scientific use are also contributive. Uranium and thorium mining and refining are some of the Uranium and thorium mining and refining are some of the examples. Heat is a leading cause as it results in the death of examples. Heat is a leading cause as it results in the death of several aquatic organisms. A discharge of cooling water by several aquatic organisms. A discharge of cooling water by factories and power plants lowers the temperature of the water factories and power plants lowers the temperature of the water bodies. Oil pollution is very harmful for coastal wildlife. Oil bodies. Oil pollution is very harmful for coastal wildlife. Oil spreads on huge areas to form oil slicks. If there are trials to spreads on huge areas to form oil slicks. If there are trials to sink the oil or chemically treat it, the marine and beach sink the oil or chemically treat it, the marine and beach ecosystems may be further disrupted.ecosystems may be further disrupted.

causes of water causes of water pollutionpollution•

Municipal, industrial and agricultural are the Municipal, industrial and agricultural are the different categories of the causes of water different categories of the causes of water pollution. Municipal causes are related to waste pollution. Municipal causes are related to waste water from homes and commercial establishments. water from homes and commercial establishments. The main aim of handling municipal wastewater The main aim of handling municipal wastewater was to decrease the harmful bacteria, oxygen was to decrease the harmful bacteria, oxygen requiring materials, mixed inorganic compounds requiring materials, mixed inorganic compounds and suspended solids. Industrial causes vary as per and suspended solids. Industrial causes vary as per the biochemical demand, suspended solids, the biochemical demand, suspended solids, inorganic and organic substances. Agricultural inorganic and organic substances. Agricultural causes include commercial livestock and poultry causes include commercial livestock and poultry farming. These lead to organic and inorganic farming. These lead to organic and inorganic pollutants in surface waters and groundwater.pollutants in surface waters and groundwater.

EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTIONEFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION•

• The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in what locations. what chemicals are dumped and in what locations.

• Boston Harbor is a strong example of how badly pollution Boston Harbor is a strong example of how badly pollution can damage bodies of water.  The water is filled with can damage bodies of water.  The water is filled with toxic waste and sewage, and routinely receives more toxic waste and sewage, and routinely receives more waste when rainfall pushes it into the harbor. waste when rainfall pushes it into the harbor.

• Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly polluted.  This is the result of both garbage dumped by polluted.  This is the result of both garbage dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by industries. dumped by industries.

• The main problem caused by water pollution is that it The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that inhabits water-based ecosystems.  Dead kills life that inhabits water-based ecosystems.  Dead fish, birds, dolphins, and many other animals often wind fish, birds, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat. up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat.

• Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well.  Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are well.  Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals.  Later, these animals eaten by tiny animals.  Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels. higher levels.

• Eventually, humans are affected by this Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well.  People can get diseases such process as well.  People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. poisoned.

• Ecosystems can be severely changed or Ecosystems can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution.  Many areas are destroyed by water pollution.  Many areas are now being affected by careless human now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to pollution, and this pollution is coming back to hurt humans.hurt humans.

SOLLUTION’SSOLLUTION’S• There are many other water pollution solutions that may There are many other water pollution solutions that may

be put into effect including:be put into effect including:• Reestablishing wetlands to act as a buffer zone to runoff Reestablishing wetlands to act as a buffer zone to runoff

and to assist in filtering pollutants and to assist in filtering pollutants • Drive less to reduce the amount of air pollution being Drive less to reduce the amount of air pollution being

emitted into the environment and minimize the amount of emitted into the environment and minimize the amount of nitrogen deposition. nitrogen deposition.

• Improve the sewage treatment system to stop the leaks in Improve the sewage treatment system to stop the leaks in the pipes. the pipes.

• Conserve water Conserve water • Improve storm water management. Improve storm water management. • Monitor watershed Monitor watershed • Stop deforestation to soak up the rain water and prevent Stop deforestation to soak up the rain water and prevent

runoff from occurring. runoff from occurring.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTIONCAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

• What are the main causes of water pollution ?What are the main causes of water pollution ?• There are many causes of water pollution There are many causes of water pollution Some of them natural some man-made Some of them natural some man-made • natural organic wastage and soil can be one natural organic wastage and soil can be one

of the biggest cause of water pollution .of the biggest cause of water pollution .• Industrial discharges causes many water Industrial discharges causes many water

pollution incidents.pollution incidents.• Domestic pollutants also play a part of water Domestic pollutants also play a part of water

pollutant.pollutant.• Poor farming practices.Poor farming practices.

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