week7:$$seismology$cjohnson/eosc448d/l12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 depth (km)...

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Week 7: Seismology Earthquake distribu8ons • Discussion of depth, magnitude, geographical distribu6ons of oneyear NEIC earthquake data sets from 2016, 2015, 2014 etc Focal Mechanisms • Basic “beach ball” paHerns for strikeslip, normal, thrust, oblique earthquakes • Inferring strike, dip of fault plane and the strike of the horizontal component of a slip vector

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Page 1: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Week 7: Seismology

Earthquake distribu8ons •  Discussion of depth, magnitude, geographical distribu6ons

of one-‐year NEIC earthquake data sets from 2016, 2015, 2014 etc

Focal Mechanisms •  Basic “beach ball” paHerns for strike-‐slip, normal, thrust,

oblique earthquakes •  Inferring strike, dip of fault plane and the strike of the

horizontal component of a slip vector

Page 2: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Seismicity Distribu6ons -‐ your figures…….

Page 3: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Seismicity Distribu6ons: my figures

c.f. Fig 4.10a, text book

c.f. Fig 4.10a, text book

c.f. Fig 4.10b, text book but we have mix of mag types

Page 4: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Seismicity Distribu6ons: my figures

Page 5: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Earthquake magnitudes -‐ discussion

Page 6: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

A.  Strike slip B.  Normal C.  Thrust D.  Oblique

Focal Mechanism Solu8ons Aka Beach Balls

“Clicker Ques8ons”

What are the strike and dip of the possible fault planes in i) ii) iv)

Page 7: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Focal Mechanism Solu8ons Aka Beach Balls

•  hHps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MomVOkyDdLo

Page 8: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Focal Mechanism Solu8ons Aka Beach Balls

•  Fault plane ambigui6es: different solu6ons for N / T / SS

Page 9: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Loca8on Focal mechanism (i-‐iv) and reason

A

B

C

D

The four focal mechanisms below the map (i-iv) correspond to the earthquakes; each might occur 0, 1, 2, or 3 times. Complete the table.

Page 10: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Page 11: Week7:$$Seismology$cjohnson/EOSC448D/L12... · > 101 100 2000 and 2011-2016 300 400 Depth (km) 700 200 500 100 200 300 400 Depth (km) 500 700 102 100 102 100 102 100 200 200 200 2011

Focal Mechanism Solu8ons Aka Beach Balls

•  More visuals for how the projec6ons from the lower focal hemisphere work

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