Step 01 – describe what is happening. What is the situation about? Start by saying: “the picture shows me”, “I can see..” “The situation is about”.

CHECK-LIST – 7 STEPS

Step 02 – describe what is “in the foreground”, then describe what is “in the background”.

Step 03 - describe “HOW you think this situation occurred”. Start by saying “Maybe, this happened due to.”

Step 06 – Tell what do you think is going to happen next (after the picture was taken).

Step 07 – Answer the questions given by the examiner. Pay close attention to the “WH” words being used.

Step 04 – Explore Aviation English vocabulary, technical vocabulary as much as you can.

Step 05 – Use discourse markers like: “As far as I can see”, “Considering that”, “Adding to that” “in spite of”, etc.

CHECK-LIST – 7 STEPS

DISCOURSE MARKERS Contrast

1. How serious is the situation? 2. What procedures are being carried out? 3. What is happening? 4. How do you think this happened? 5. What is going to happen after that? 6. What would you do if you were the captain?

• CONSIDERING THAT.... • IN SPITE OF... • EVEN SO... • ALTHOUGH... • WHEREAS.... • HOWEVER... • AS OPPOSED TO... • IN FACE OF+...

LEXICAL DOMAINS

• AIR MISS - 1. (Aeronautics) a situation in which two aircraft pass very close to one another in the air; near miss.

WORDS: trajectory/ flight path/ speed/ distance/ aircraft characteristics/ situational awareness/ airspace infringement/ collision/ violent manoeuvres/

A

LEXICAL DOMAINS

• BELLY LANDING - 1. (Aeronautics) A gear-up landing incident, also known as a belly landing, is an accident that may result from the pilot simply forgetting, or failing, to lower the landing gear before landing or a mechanical malfunction that does not allow the landing gear to be lowered.

B

LEXICAL DOMAINS

• WORDS: Attempted manoeuvres; status of lights; visual check (low pass); position of landing gear; endurance; fuel remaining; fuel dumping/jettisoning; speed traffic information; state of runway; aerodrome environment; airport installations; emergency evacuation; emergency slides/escape chutes, fire hazard/risk; damage; ground services.

B

LEXICAL DOMAINS

C

• CARGO PROBLEMS - 1. (Aeronautics) Safe operation of aircraft requires all hold cargo and baggage to be loaded correctly. Loading should be in full accordance with both generally applicable regulations and limitations, and in accordance with the instructions given by the person with overall responsibility for the loading process for a particular flight.

LEXICAL DOMAINS

C

• WORDS: Customs; type of cargo; (perishable) organs for transplant; toxic substances; handling; packaging; veterinary services; police search; sniffer dogs; load badly fixed or damaged; intercepting; impounding, checked baggage rules, bulk load.

LEXICAL DOMAINS

F

FUEL STARVATION - 1. (Aeronautics) Fuel starvation and fuel exhaustion (sometimes referred to as fuel depletion) are problems that can affect internal combustion engines fuelled by either diesel, kerosene, petroleum or any other combustible liquid or gas. If no fuel is available for an engine to burn, it cannot function.

LEXICAL DOMAINS

F

• WORDS: Instrument panel; instrument operation; radio beacon; positions/fixes; noises/sounds; smells; smoke; airport installations; ground services; engine performance; speed; relief/high ground; actions to solve problem; weather; structural damage (glass, metal); airframe; warning lights; landing gear.

Have a Clear and Unlimited Day!

THANK YOU!