THE NEUTRAL INDIANS

Ontario’s First Nations can be separated into t_____ groups based on linguistics…

• A___________:– N________– C_______, O____________, A__________

• I_____________:– S__________– Huron, Neutral, – 6 Nations: Mohawk, Oneida,

Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca & later the T__________ (migrated North from the C___________ in 1722)

• By 1648, the Southern I_________ were r_________ the H________, looting and k________ them off.

• This created a great r______ between Indian tribes for many years.

ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS

• The E__________ who arrived at this time, following the f____ t______, brought with them d_________…

• Chicken pox, tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid, smallpox, measles, whooping cough and influenza destroyed villages & tribes.

• 1634-1640: it is estimated that over half of the H_________ (initial population of 30,000) were l_______ to d__________.

• F_________ and festivities c__________ the arrival of the F________ for the H_______ were greatly excited at the arrival of the impressive French force that would help them face and d_______ the fierce I__________

C______________ P______

T______________________

D_______________________

• B_________ most commonly effects the n_______ and t_________• First i________ the s________, producing skin l_____________

T______________ F______________

• R________ spots on lower c_______ and a__________

S__________________

• B___________ are filled with a t________ o__________ f_________

M_____________

• R_____ w________ e_______, R_______ N_________ and Blotchy R____ R_____________

W_________________ C____________

I________________- Can lead to p______________________

S_________________- E_______________ deficiency of Vitamin _____

Atiouandaronk: The Neutrals

• A confederacy of tribes living w______ of the N___________ R________

• According to Samuel C____________ (in _______), they…– Had ____________ warriors– Raised a great quantity of good t____________– Traded their s_________ for s_____, f______, porcupine

q_______ & quillwork with the northern A______________ peoples

• They received the name “N___________” by the F________, because of their unique position between the w________ H_____ & I_________.

Article: Chapter #1: The Journey Begins

Neutrals relationship between Hurons and Iroquois

• 1) Vast c_____ beds (m_____________ essential to the manufacture of f________ a__________________)

• 2) Port of T_________- N__________ located on the N____________ P_______________ and was the centre (m_______ m_______) of a complex t__________ system

Neutral S_____________

• A______________ as well as h___________ and f_____________• Larger unit c_______- bound together several f________ who shard

l_________ and r____________• L_____________• Matrons or older w________ d______________ e__________ (Matriarchy)

European Arrival

• F_______ trading with N________ and spending the winter- Caused h______________ between I________ and N__________

• I__________- growing t_______ with D______ and E_________ made the N___________ l____ i______________

• Introduction of f_________ reduced the I__________ reliance on flint a______________

War (1648-1650)

• I_________ attack H__________ (largest r_____ ever launched)• H__________ reduced by European d___________ and were at a

disadvantage fighting the Iroquois• The H______ could have won• The two sides were pretty evenly matched in terms of n________. The

H_________ were good w____________.

• The five nations Iroquois won partly because they s_________ the H_________, attacking the towns during the w_________ with a huge raiding party—over a thousand men.

• Both the winter attack and the large size of the attacking party were advances in Indian warfare in the area.

• The I__________ also had an a___________ in that they were better a_________. The D__________ in New Amsterdam (what is now New York) had recently s______ them 300 m___________.

• The H________ had some g_____, but nowhere near that many. • H___________ scattered to N__________ village for s______ and

I_________ threatened w______ (Hurons released to death)• A large faction of remaining H________, including an entire town, went

over to the Iroquois and became part of the S_________ tribe• With the defeat of the Hurons Neutrals were no longer needed and

Iroquois attacked • The N__________ c________ to e_______ as a n__________• Few Neutrals left were absorbed into I_____________ tribes

5 Nations Iroquois kept attacking and raiding different tribes:

• Through the 1650’s, the five nations Iroquois destroyed t______ more major I_________-speaking tribes, and s___________ others

• These v_________ by the f_______ nations Iroquois eventually made E_____________ settlement of the interior of N______ A_________ much e_________.

• They e___________ key F__________ allies and left large areas that had been densely p____________ almost d______________.