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I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K Egypt 1 © TeachersCurriculum Institute Daily Life in Ancient Egypt- Chapter 9 How did social class affect daily life in ancient Egypt? P R E V I E W Using the list below, copy the name of each individual or group below onto the level of the pyramid where you think it belongs. For each name, write a short sentence to explain why you placed it at that level on the pyramid. Students Principal Teachers Student Council Office Staff Assistant Principal My School’s Social Pyramid Principal- most authority- biggest Assistant Principal- 2 nd most authority and wealth? Does not have authority over Office Staff- handle important confidential information, documents, serious student issues. Teachers- have authority over students, educate students. Student Council- have input as to activities and changes for student body.

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I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 1© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt- Chapter 9

How did social class affect daily life in ancient Egypt?

P R E V I E W

Using the list below, copy the name of each individual or group below onto the level of the pyramid where you think it belongs. For each name, write a short sentence toexplain why you placed it at that level on the pyramid.

Students Principal Teachers Student Council Office Staff Assistant Principal

My School’s Social Pyramid

Principal- most authority- biggest paycheck?

Assistant Principal- 2nd most authority and wealth? Does not have authority over Principal.

Office Staff- handle important confidential information, documents, serious student issues.

Teachers- have authority over students, educate students.

Student Council- have input as to activities and changes for student body.

Students- have authority only over themselves; control their own actions.

I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 2© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

R E A D I N G N O T E S

Key Content TermsAs you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers.

social pyramid status peasant hieroglyphsocial class noble afterlife

Section 2

Identify the social class in ancient Egypt that belongs on each level of the social pyramid below. Draw a symbol or visual to represent each social class. Then write a brief caption explaining what the symbol or visual means. An example is completed for you. Answer the questions that follow.

The pharaoh , Egypt’s supreme ruler, wore a special headdress like this one as a symbol of his power.

Government Officials Courts, armies, taxes, pyramids

Priests- Rituals, mummification, burials

Scribes- Literate! Kept records of events, taxes, inventories, contracts

Artisans- Carpenters, metalworkers, potters, etc.

Peasants: Biggest, poorest population of all, farming and pyramid building.

I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 3© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

1. Why was ancient Egyptian society structured like a pyramid? It was structured like a pyramid because there were very few extremely rich and powerful people, and a huge number of very poor, powerless people. Every group of people between grew larger as their wealth and power diminished. (decreased)

2. How did religion affect the organization of the social pyramid? Priests were fairly high on the pyramid because religion was practiced by the entire population, was a part of daily life and priests were believed to be able to influence the actions of the gods.

3. In what ways did Egyptian women enjoy more freedom and rights than most women in the ancient world? Egyptian women were able to own land, run businesses, file for divorce from their husbands, represent themselves in court. Some actually were priestesses, doctors, and government officials.

4. Why do you think that the social pyramid in ancient Egypt was rigid?Children of the peasant and artisan classes were usually educated by their parents so they would grow up to work in the same occupation as their parents. There was no free public education to allow them to be literate and choose a different career. The upper classes did not want to educate the lower classes; lower classes were needed to do those jobs. Egyptians believed it was a good arrangement.

Section 3

Follow these directions to complete your Reading Notes for this section.1. Shade in and label the level on the social pyramid that

represents government officials.2. Write down three or more important facts about the

types of government officials and their responsibilities.• Vizier- advised pharaoh, supervised other officials, chief judge.

• Chief Treasurer- managed money, taxes: goods collected

• General of Armies- security, wars, treaties ( with pharaoh’s approval)

3. In complete sentences, answer this question: How did the statusof government official affect the daily lives of people in this social class?

People of this social status enjoyed a life of luxury: fine homes, banquets, time for relaxing, entertainment.

Gov. Officials- All appointed by pharaoh or inherited

I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 4© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

Section 4

Follow these directions to complete your Reading Notes for this section.1. Shade in and label the level on the social pyramid that

represents priests.2. Write down three or more important facts about the

types of priests and their duties.• Temple priests- in temples all over; healings, advice, rituals

• Priestesses- equality; in charge of temples for music and dancing.

• High Priest- worked only with pharaoh, conducted his ceremonies.

3. In complete sentences, answer this question: How did the status of priest affect the daily lives of people in this social class?

Priests were highly respected as religion was so important to all citizens, priests needed to perform multiple daily cleansings and keep their bodies shaved, eat a special diet and avoid wearing animal products ( wool or leather).

Section 5

Follow these directions to complete your Reading Notes for this section.1. Shade in and label the level on the social pyramid that

represents scribes.2. Write down three or more important facts about

scribe schools and the types of work scribes did.• Boys only attended for many years.

• Harsh physical punishments/ memorized over 700 hieroglyphics

• Highly respected job, well paid.

3. In complete sentences, answer this question: How did the status of scribe affect the daily lives of people in this social class?

Scribes were highly respected but had to endure years of long hours at school and harsh beatings by their teachers. They worked in many parts of the government; from tax records to army records and census information.

Priests

Scribes

I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 5© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

Section 6

Follow these directions to complete your Reading Notes for this section.1. Shade in and label the level on the social pyramid that

represents artisans.2. Write down three or more important facts about the

types of artisans and their work.• Wide variety of trades/arts- skilled workers

• Stone carvers- highly skilled-pyramids/tombs/temples( worked with granite, dolerite, quartz sand for polishing)

• Lower middle class, little recognition for their work.

3. In complete sentences, answer this question: How did the status of artisan affect the daily lives of people in this social class?

Even though they were skilled at their craft, they received little respect. Only occasionally would an employer have a banquet to honor an artist who worked for him. Their homes were modest, not fancy. The homes included a workshop room. Employers supplied them with food, sometimes went hungry during food shortages.

Section 7

Follow these directions to complete your Reading Notes for this section.1. Shade in and label the level on the social pyramid that

represents peasants.2. Write down three or more important facts about the

work of peasants during the three seasons.• Flooding Season-June-Sept. worked on pyramids/temples

• Planting Season- Oct.-March Planted mostly wheat, barley.Maintained irrigation system continually.

• Harvest Season- Men cut with sickles, women and children gathered, sang.

3. In complete sentences, answer this question: How did the status of peasant affect the daily lives of people in this social class?

Peasants had a difficult life. They lived in small mud brick homes. Ate onions, cucumbers, fish and bread. Rarely ate meat; too expensive. Very little relaxation time; water raft fights. Took part in festivals to honor gods. Were allowed the left over grain after harvest; physical punishment for poor harvests.

Artisans

Peasants

I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 6© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

P R O C E S S I N G

Compare the social pyramid of ancient Egypt with your school’s social pyramid that you completed in the Preview activity. For each level on the pyramid, identify at least one way that the two groups are similar and at least one way that the two groups are different. A sample comparison for the top level on the pyramid is provided below: