Chapter 15: Urinary System

Structure and FunctionFunction:• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Structures: • Kidneys• Ureters• Urinary bladder• Urethra

Kidneys**Principle organ of the urinary system**

Location:• Two kidneys—one on each side of the lumbar region

Functions:• Filters the blood and secretes water and wastes in the form of urine• Regulates the blood’s levels of critical elements such as water, Na+ and K+

Layers of the Kidney• 2 layers

• ____________________________________________(outer portion)

• Consists of 1 million ____________________________________________________• Nephrons are the function unit of the kidney responsible for the actual

purification and filtration of the blood

• ____________________________________________(inner portion)• This is where the amount of salt and water in your urine is controlled

Nephrons:• Functional unit of kidney• Consists of:

• _______________________________________________________—ball shaped cluster of capillaries

• ___________________________________________________________________– encloses the nephron

• ____________________________________________________________– tube like portion of nephron

Urinary BladderLocation:• Sac above the urethra

Function:• Hold urine until it is expelled through the urethra

UrethraLocation:• Single canal located under the urinary bladder

Function:• Carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body

___________________________________________________________________*Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

Diagnoses associate with the urinary system

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________• Involuntary discharge of urine at the time of cough, sneeze, or strained exercise

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________• Inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction

of normal tissue that leads to renal failure.• Diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent

urinary tract infections

______________________________________________________________________________________________• Occurs when bacteria enter urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder• Symptoms include dysuria and increase urinary frequency

_______________________________________________________• Classified depending on where they stone is found

• Nephrolithiasis _________________________________

• Ureterolithiasis _________________________________

• Cystolithiasis ____________________________________• Caused by a build up of calcium and other chemical compound

Procedures associated with the urinary system

___________________________________________________________________________________________________• Breaks a kidney stone into small pieces that can more easily travel through the urinary

tract and pass through the body

Radiography

_________________________________________________________________________________________• X-rays of urinary tract after contrast is injected into blood stream and passes through the

kidney. Contrast reveals blockages and possible trauma

____________________________________________________________________________________________• X-ray of the kidney, ureter and bladder

____________________________________________________________________________________________• X-ray of upper urinary tract to detect the presence of stones or obstructions

_____________________________________________________________________________________________• X-ray of bladder and urethra taken during urination

Lab tests associated with the urinary system

___________________________________________________________• Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

Tests for:____________________________________________________________• A protein typically found in blood• Indicates something could be wrong with glomerulus

____________________________________________________________• Measures concentration of urine

pH• Measures acidity of urine

Glucose• Measures amount of sugar in uring• Can indicate a variety of clinical conditions