ASHTON — THE SKYLARK — THE THIN FOOT BEGASSAnother School Day — Late for my choresThe sun was already high above the coconut trees when Iwoke up this morning. My chickens were at the doorstep. I got uplate and remembered that I had a dream. It seemed to me dreamshave significant meanings, so I've heard from my grandmother, tomy aunts and my mother, sisters and everybody. The dream waslike glue sticking to my brain.I dreamt I was on the Bonasse beach with Ashton. He is mybest friend. We were tossing flat stones just behind thebreaking waves, attempting to see how long and how far theywould skip on the surface of the water. As we were playfullydoing that, we saw a small flock of the thin foot begass. I sawa movie featuring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and hecalled them sandpipers.Suddenly I could not remember the rest of the dream. Poof!It's gone. There was no morning breeze, at least nothing I1%iel.My chickens gathered at the door steps in protest, it seems.They were gazing up at me, as I stood behind the open half door.They kept turning their heads sideways and doing that, hurriedup. Cluck! Cluck! Cluck! Repeating it over and over again. Someof them just stood there in amazement and impatience. Othersdoing that head thing, you know, like the valley girls do whenI-éj//i1/199 I»__

Ythere's a point to be made, “now look here mister blah! blah!blah! blah!...get with it!” My daughter used to do that. Infact, she mastered it, imitating Lilly Tomlin, a comedian on thenow defunct sitcom.Nerissa was a real comedian when she was a young girl. Shehad us laughing whenever she put on her act. A heck of a job,that hungry, noisy bunch of protesters. The young chicks justwalked around, scratched atkearth, their tiny claws barelyleaving marks on the ground, just imitating their elders,telling me, “Hey! Now boy, you sure messed up today.” If chickscould talk you can imagine what Creole slang they were reallytossing at me that morning. I can't repeat them here.Yes! I overslept. I admit it. I was late in getting themtheir meal. It doesn't happen often, I swear! They had no reasonto bully me like that. I'm always good to the whole bunch, yes!All of them well, except, maybe Polly. She's special, veryspecial.2/199

WASHING AND SCRUBBING SUCKSMy mother was outside in the yard with her busy handswashing clothes. She was bent over that wooden tub, justscrubbing away at the meager corners of profit margins. Herwaist was tied with a éiéggiflour sack towelf I'm sure all shehad for the morning was a demitasse of coffee for her breakfast.She did that all the time, a demitasse of coffee for herbreakfast, ever since I can remember. Her hands already coveredwith soap suds up to her wrists.For a moment I stood, I hesitated inside, leaning on thehalf open door with both hands on the closed lower half,watching her. The upper half of her body moving up and down, herhands fisted with a soapy garment, pressing it hard against thewooden scrubbing board. I'm thinking, how long can thesedownward thrusts continue to bring us a better life? How longcan Ma endure making ends meet just doing that? I wonder howmany downward thrusts she makes in that position in one day?Wow!Now you know that's hard work. My mother seems to make itlook so easy. I could do that. Really! Huh! I tried it once atSt. Marie Estate. My mother allowed me to try washing. I used tocarry the wooden tub on my box cart, along with the scrubbingboard. My mother took the dirty clothes, wrapped in a bed sheetfA" “FR Igim“ \>c\'\.Q\m»\:<{ u\X\Ls'¢<.@@ci Ami w=\\\ tvwzi Ar Mmic-»+~ ~ 3......... M3/199and carried it on her head. I couldn't wash fast enough. My jobdid not pass my mother’ test. Iva QAYT ‘ \ Q)“ o\'l “Y we-It‘mflP_h_°“ wk eh “Mo, fm qua. -a, é_F\{n/n3 5 a a i/u.\vu~. e. I0 v\o “Q#_ The washing pond, we used to call it, at St. Marie Estate,#3 ?\f=1_ P""P°$Q-ITRI-\\u|d m‘ '15; Wqs do.s'»3K\ Jugs mu({'.B\§\was located just off the southern main road.,\Everyone in the h"1v$'I?'J M“-"*" -itK 5g¢»1|q$uW Q‘village brought their clothes to be washed on the banks of that\:2&E *“"t QM”mad uh-S'S:ha-I-ILI. g.\‘\\:n_.pond. Sometimes waiting for the water to clear up required a suv§A,_i§_1b_Wau' Kgreat deal of time. It was a shallow pond ‘_1§Ej'_b'8:,"“I so <~.\'_nuu r_ _ _ __ _A _/ _ F2 0-|q_ ‘fi6“\T€lk kbklw , nd we were allowed only Q area *3“-‘Z 3\'“*¢|"-“’* <$<,'tld M15- bead '0\A'\J~The chickens were getting impatient. They grew noisier as I-£s\v'\Y\a qm_\ll. Iwe >3; ~»~stood in the doorway contemplating my mother and the hard work “WE GJWJMTAudfiabfi-Fkr.she did. I'm not sure for how long, but it was long enough for wmmixgtt, .\11\L '\~\<\‘“{€“them to send another strong volley of protestations at me; “Hey, \:'§»4~ \%nYget me my grub! Don't you know I've got to lay eggs today?” So fi\“§\\\\~‘\M°:-'$,\<,\,A r°‘Q11‘ »<'°<° wdown I went to the kitchen and picked up the bowl of corn and \“e~\‘§;,:' "3°“V1»coconut chips, all covered up to prevent the red ants fromgetting into the feed. I always chip coconuts the afternoonbefore. Me and my friend, Johnny King, who lives across thestreet from my house, together we go to the coconut field to cutgrass for his goat, and he would also help me find a coconut,cut it open and help me with the chipping of the kernel forchicken feed.4/199Q“I/§3%t/0F’5“Boy oh boy! Those chickens soon became so happy to see me.I had their food in my hands. They wasted no time changingmoods. They needed food so badly. Food comes first for thosehungry chicks, you know? I wonder how far removed from thisbehavior are human beings? What if hunger persisted most oftheir lives? Would it affect their behavior? Attitudes maybe? wfl-1-\l¢f‘ 1:?L!/uefu-s er» /I/u Pu,n1v_§n" ‘mud, su-‘I14 7%; zq|7L pu/t -fir 41%/£7 QJIELJ nil" /34'du»I cuvn-1LThe food was a welcome gift, especially for t ose hens who 1U7%QLL ah. .I} £om»}o‘hou.were laying eggs. Have you ever heard a hen after she lays her"‘5‘i¢'['#turIflMEflHf1'lln_FpgJ'3egg? Cluck! Cluck! Cluckoo! Cluckoo! Cluckoo! Mercy! So much fi:J{?”1JTasmw ,1 U0 Et. , . “ wE Ila? tkmannoise over and over, just like the announcer of aAgame? HeScored! He Scored! Go—o—o—al! Go—o—o—al!” You would think layingan egg won her an Olympic gold medal, or a spot on AmericanIdol, or even and interview with Oprah. Or something like,(bragging) I did it! I did it! The entire village has to knowA‘ [i|Z$"\H_y (/\11l3‘I\71\at§A(rr: \r~\l1»1_1f P173‘ . nfij ?'TFc.7"?I l>m'1'?' /#17/1<'. yqrrl /,5 /,',v,,, -7%,, mp, 7'1}: ml (W fi€@iabout it.AThese hens be ieve they are Sopranos. %hank headen $}e/Y/A,/1%‘ , they are laying eggs because the racket they make, telling youabout the event surely beats all. Now tell me why do they dox?“'that? To get in the limelight? Show their feminine side?;§@ Amqg-n&fl 1h_>¥ =F° -IA ‘ ‘ ' ’D\5‘eéflmfs P *1! ff‘ bR”*[m7.? //W ume. anumls /n7<¢ mad; do»-1' 1,.,,|l ,,.d_m/uz. av mu-./~ no/3»¢,_r7/H 1,But that's not all, soon, the cock, the rooster adds his b.¢ag;r.lZgut Tllwyilvu @"0M14. /[M ~~/‘5Z1o.1+,;.~/‘ii/. /'09” fVZ'J,> _ l 1 I:/at 5/“Z/,/4 "J/J _ S7/"L/>Zc /4,”/,9‘/gtnpjbqm‘ (0I really believe some white dudes learn their moves from%- an. 1. Mr. Chanticleer, the mighty cock sparrow. A £r¢-\?7a‘f', ;y1|7'lT,LQr\D[QSl1lI‘l4l-kg‘,6*lq‘%1 Wale .Anyway, I got my chores done; ate my breakfast, washedmyself, took a bath with a bucket of cold water behind thechicken coop. We have no in—house bathrooms. Everyone takes a )q,£,{,,/priigmf, Q15“ 75!?-g |4\_1.l_|4Q_‘<\bath behind the chicken coop, mostly at night#\Scrubbed my %Q%3jfi bi §tLi fiibad isteeth, combed my hair, said goodbye to my Mom and started out 'U¢_29N@l““V fl1a'C_&vF1'-Iiwith a little trot to school. I was not too far away from home _%“#'when I spotted Polly flipping and flopping doing her best tocatch up with me. Polly was my pet.Ever since I found her as ababy chick. She was always following me around the yard and thento school, like I was her mother. Doesn't that beat all? I justkept her in my bed for a couple of weeks, that's all. She's abantam chicken. Do you know what a bantam chicken is? It's achicken with short legs that waddles when it walks. Sometimesits neck is featherless. Polly’s neck is featherless. When abantam grows to maturity and becomes a laying hen, she grows out+<~ ‘ -instead of up_ 71",‘ 5/1 u)ndq”¢\ “A0, (L§t_:#}?u [1-Fe. (JILL Q. C(u¢L.They very often lay double yolk eggs. Polly’s eggs, as domost bantam hens, are very large. When Polly laid her eggs shenever got to cackling like those other hens. No! Her style wascool, very cool. She never behaved like those Red Legon or RhodeIsland hens. She just got down to business and laid her eggs,6/199/4155 7then went about her business, pecking away at earth worms orother edibles she could find. But Polly is not this story.rge »>E/,,_*, I’_ll tell you a story about Ashton, my schoolmate, in a//e was /141.71; An‘!/M /never And. I hmn.TuTa siifars ('4rm\»-J Bubsie... Bu?“ / 4/w-3,; wicks-I F1’minute. These preliminaries are to help you to understand the 4 LISTMC Miro»Q <24»-¢>4,Zi24qq§e ,JJ'z'i€B¢\::§~<-V‘""'"*'*"$:.*-f;£:..yard. I asked my Mom to please keep an eye on her this time, as ed: m 54-/ - 3 _if my Mom had nothing else to do. At this time Polly was novtL$<%§El}'l‘:;us::5L_ darts an. (1.5fully grown, I fed her from my hands. She used to sleep in my pal,‘-1-.___ (-[l;;,,L,__bed with me until she got busted. My Mother caught me and sentPolly packing. She had to take her place among the others in thechicken coop. She only had a few large feathers on her wings at\ (G 7" the time £37114, ant nlou, ul'flle.)'4-J mo§{'57F‘M<-’/1'nw_T\». 8/in M3‘/<1r_fi~»~|\'1u\ b.\¢\\\\'( wre ‘(Q z“ ll7*?’ alone, motherless, abandoned. Do you knohw ‘how that feelsifll Lk)q{3,\v.', m$_§;H- "\\|.r _ ‘ A. - I ' V ‘ W *1 rvguV1 “£67! ""-‘*l‘~‘i’—FTL M**_“i§"‘\1“r;1.‘f\“i_~~i§':§&i,‘£i5‘iw»'“&___‘°“'f*i‘€.‘AL~' Pl “<5 '3F[.‘”‘“»3\;‘“T<‘~°' §-*heard her cry for rescue. I was passing the right spot at th .‘Tw\\¥\| Jgsnuwhlogd é-Fn,\»:h ,,,>¢$§%ln‘1k'| luv 1-,. ¢.l)1,>¢1'.|f-"J “J1 Uh M1 (~f{~"Il\: g,¢u,¢Y.I\1o»\e 1.§ he cum llmc 5|(.‘{l'7',,4'¢§K Pour’PZ\H\j._Sgv '3 the ground;/¢\All the other chickens which shed their furs and..\ 3 _‘_1% Itm'\FJ grew feathers slept on racks. Baby chicks slept with their,“I|‘T‘Nml mothers in a box of straw."‘They too, had to be manhandled for“ML A M .1:?’ calm: xV"vL_“°1 “U ["‘:'\°6 "‘°- ‘ §v¢w‘1L\€*\¢ <\.‘,<,'L\M l\I'b\—f[Q‘l7\Lu:-H\e».,\ Ma) \M;‘\LQ.\,\ wTL_[Lu<- m?“\:r<, \\'\oTl/@\'< “1,5 Hwitihe sake of safety. The hens pfotected thgir young, allowing Q 3)..d\r.»"\ww_\»\¢»:' WW my [~,Kq.\ 5" U,‘ m c\¢~;¢\¢\*—\<‘\'*““ *~'1~*.~.,, '3“ . . L ,M\u.F1>1\’mq“d)3~them £0 huddle beneath their bodies for warmth and for safety.G:L\f‘i‘_\L€(k,x:<;r€:A~= -mu €-@’a)<1t?f;\;;§/SQ.,lJ‘hat's how they laid down at night. It was my job to close thew‘ "\lfqxpaj K -L";-<. door of the chicken coop each evening, making sure of the count,k gr/u::"“"~]f‘that all chicks, hens and cocks were accounted for.awmj.‘W /M“ F"<4 v. ''<d L4,4?‘ 3'. V PR1-.lbw CM/5lq; Q,lg§I3@ rH -?7L‘1,,{‘;\€§‘ I ‘ “army‘ I Mrwas 9*P'='im‘;‘<:?.'\ 3‘*";<.‘ '~wz.... s/199L <"H*5.P/\ (5? K PREDATORSWHO FLY, HOP, CREEP AND CRAWLThere are flying predators in Cedros where I was born. Idid not know that until I saw it personally, right on the streetnear my yard. A mother hen was crossing the street with herfilittle chicks,when,suddenly down flew a chicken hawk, Whap! Adn Wt k'7L“U lF|,\§\( °\Ci/iltixah ‘ _ ' ' 'hw\<,.1mL,.1- i~ \,x -1 Mn; \ _ ssoundless coup, and $1“; 1§ab"y“E“i§iéT<“‘¢3¥‘l*g@%{\e“;i“ 'w‘f21§N““s‘4£ie“\echleQ§s(; ‘w"“A ‘E:A kw 1-u"Lmthe mother hen was rabid, wings outstretched, she flew as high Ql7:‘\£§ \1 b(,t\~\k_\-€1\\"‘A , as was she could, her clawed feet sometimes leaving the ground, bu§6L£Qd&§§E§'Y’\\\'~\‘4 ‘ »:(\§°""\\\\ ;"\\,,\r. -\§<‘§\§_.,\her ruffled feathers showed how distraught she had become at hen:\\“\;§&M0"“ J K“ \,4 x- - - - - M58-1 W” SVW l\\éd;w\"loss. That incident was repeated several times in my life. S§&fi¢&$.iv {‘k“j,k§ ‘“§ca\.\‘\‘¥Fortunately, not in my immediate presence and I suffered no %§av§\\§§§Q‘ New. iv , ‘>\ *\’?“£\*"‘# ~\‘ :\\°Z'casualtles ' P"“iW*PS 7qJlh" “"13 Uf‘\\T\ Cl-miké Y\ ll¢»\\-AU: ‘l1l\¢l\ w1al~\i: ih An sQ\‘\Y.-xi <>~f'r11. Q I Ola‘ ‘to xJ m§§~#“_&9Everyone with chickens or ducks with ducklings are always ‘@c§§FMow no sa. \§t**\won the lookout for chicken hawks. Mongkggse are also veryefficient, but they not only steal chickens, they go after hensas well. Lucky for us, they are seldom seen in the village.Often food is very scarce, they hunt at night and attempt toinvade chicken coops. Frogs and crabs take advantage of thenights and do their best to find weak spots in the design of thechicken coop.So chicken coops have to be properly secured. These chickenlovers raid the coop at night searching for well fed chicks.Fortunately, chickens and cocks raise a fuss and cry loud enough9/199£1 A- ‘X\ (1 E 10to awake sleepers who quickly avert any successful attempt fromoccurring.The chore I hated the most; cleaning the nasty, smellychicken coop. I had to bend over to sweep these smelly particlesdeposited by these occupants. First I would obtain ashes fromthe fireplace in the kitchen, spread it over properly then sweepand heap, then shovel away. But the rewards were great. Icollected all the eggs the hens laid, and I was able to sellsome of them and bank some of my savings in an account which waskept at the Cedros Government School.One morning I was bent over cleaning the coop and there itwas, a predator. Lord! A snake, just in my face! I jumped back!I hit my head against the door. I dropped the broom running,screaming, “Ma! Ma! Ma! Come quick, look ah see ah snake! Ah seeah snake!” My heart was racing. I'm not even sure I couldbreathe; I was so frightened. Luckily, the coop was well built.I hit my head so hard. I couldn't believe I was able to stand upand run away.I am deathly afraid of snakes. Those blasted, creepy,crawly, silent, dangerous things, with beady eyes and flickeringforked tongues, sticking out at you every second. Whenever I seea snake, I think I see the devil coming to get me. In my mindthat thought balloons out with the sound of a horrifying danger.M Hm QUHJ ,§>n svmlm i fin “Th: n“i’rn»\M, I 0 [flu alkali CHB l ma}. 1u e,- ls Mow'- I M. \.l.. m M ma a W a ' flaw IS H" W““°1 'W"“°( "ml" °‘“JW“qg (LNG! L,“ {hp w _ ii W V04 s or: se\1z;; I/g 451/-»//' ‘/bf I‘ j;I’/ 6- /1/Z, .»{a m/it MI /"~'"JIL B*"“§5"’ ('v‘|)"‘l“" - .$‘l"‘ gH-1 >lto an elevation of one hundred feet, allowing an excellent view wr ____ »\ ‘--»of the bay and Bonasse Village including the larger portion of ',;' N-1“ ' ‘W Qthe Gulf of Paria. “- ; mp.at j ifl-rJust below the school is a valley ornamented with -xi‘ j"g:"’v‘ /_ _ I. fine 4_\§f\ Ihomes,all surrounded by flower gardens an -k 1 ,,"IlKr c\uw\<€hr- fllamss»4\\i'~ .__ . -Q us‘-4\\>'“'~‘-“domesic shrubs display an array \_”— ‘*‘\““‘l ,P::"[&°'€"{:\::i.:\'i.K-\\:t¥rqi\'1k@‘§:1¢r'\qus._‘ -‘.4 .1 .. - - -i_ _4--.r'—-——~ ——-----=.i'_*"""-'"" - -"'"‘ spulzs Ffibifizrfiw, and -¢.sp'-4Ll¢>.u.}_tk°- ,throughout the year“ specia y en ancing M,,\q,<|,_ ,;\§-¢_$(3_"IK,_,¢ .!§0U,¢_q \_ w'\fl\¢- }"\°id?l _ \o\{\i>_r$\\'t~_%u\$*4':\H::§“ |fQ_§(|Mq|‘t'g‘:'nwlld Qunlswl wk“ hi . ,.{u_H'qr:. and rwl 4l\¢rr3 Qmd 3-¢:%,~+@Q_ bu,-.\,_ -L'§f_,§Zf‘§§,j§{‘L’..~\-I. \_»T.-l 1%; mm G-3"-%'35+.:i p°z_:rv|1$...1,‘.4<,;m,“ ’*rv.\M\‘41¢| "~1l'§~'m"'i‘:b‘:;: £20 \M-4'\7\ ! 4 i"€""*5h“§ \D'rc?'<:&1_F§‘°_:\:;LH'dQ ‘ I M <—-er. uz. I 4!~*1:'*2@*@?=Mi u ~11* . '1 i.‘aims: >1‘: “$4 gzéér (\3)‘I=\;:'t5\\k yi!!!a'!Iee=-a-n:d- q1r1?\L’tY';i‘\:¥k§_‘$‘kMM<§Il\'u}b\:-kt-‘K*(‘qi€E_ Q45- hmome. Q n'ulsqv\¢*~ P-*'*'¢'"“-“S-11¢. lion’; sh=\\'-=' ° rd ewdwns _ t .,em - a g V /Q»‘¥%g§,“f¢,’A -k;%\;2TP.k*Z;"J_/fi,a§f5o L5 -, nearer the school, is very .[>,..;~,=/$31.2“. 01° “mHb‘ L7d 1 and is dense enough to establish pdli - A L M‘. '04‘ ' 1,. Ll. Q?5-M MW? 4i'f=:M““’°" 4M'¢'~r animals . A Qcm;-5 M-f"“" “oi? 7$~m=*" *“"“' - ,m-@'*““‘"Yfi"" 7‘ W \\ r* L\'»L. U _@ v@/ 13/199 7\\K,.QF¢\\K "“bccu2s\theLe—aiLer~school/frwfilmfiixggb-the‘details\ef\whicheannQt»be_cevered~in—this»story; ), T V ~ I‘ \ I //1 if' He, Christopher Columbus“ _" La Trinite, because heiSQ-F‘//’ c:F~ in_rw /71¢!”/A.,2i/q /L/L/LCL '{~d_fi’,,-feared for theAships\under his comgfpd andithe loss of lives. _)His crew consisted pf ex convict . They were superstitious ando’ '4?-'4"\' ‘or T1 I ‘M ‘"45fearful for their lives.fi%bgple‘still continued to believe thfitQ"“/ /1/s Crud ‘H15 ,the earth was flat. HeAencounteredAdoldrums, a section of the kfiawheocean where t east andn_ ,;§flmrQuwu§flMcsouthwest tra reate a vacuumthat nullifie 1tS of the oceanare influencel :, where all thedebris CODVGII false isladg, ,d k,5- _ |$ gql man < \PG’ Qqqhban and Mf vegetation,thus creating a deception, a false island. The currents behavelike rain clouds, which circle like a vacuum, sucking objects toits center and pulling everything below the surface of the waterbeing influenced by the cold and hot atmospheric conditions.Columbus and his three ships were caught in that region. Theydrifted aimlessly for several days. There was no supply ofstrong wind, which vexed the sailors, who planned a mutinyqggifiifiiifigfHowever, the genius of Columbus prevailed. The sailors of theSanta Maria threatened to mutiny. Columbus gathered the crew on14/199‘GS Q rill-\fl‘aF‘“\4z.Rm"sew"*' W He,_ \\ feared for theA‘ /Al His crew cons&\ fearful for tc\\>=§'. M£LwAX_EQ§ earth waste, because he\i of lives. _)andto believe thEtsection of the 4H‘WH¢ocean where the trade winds converge, (the northeast andML ;_F_ MP Q(;I\\!(7"qQ'A¢I...southwest trade winds) ar the windsflcreate a vacuum=x~that nullifies any wind activity{\Even the currents of the oceanIt - con‘/4f§"‘@¢are influenced by 1tg\That region of the Atlantic, where all thedebris converges in that spot, is formed into a false island, , k,cu... em... We a=>'.+ M Mad +1“: -M @411“. cu~'ihbe<=u4- 1+-s w5*_K;~;;;.L ‘,3;Navigators,\ . It's a region of calm. The bo.ev~lo£Ti1'9_<§rzflmM*§Hkgsr usvfihmSargasso Sea slowly moves counter clockwise, collecting debris, Jcreating ship wrecks, and submits to the growth of vegetation,thus creating a deception, a false island. The currents behavelike rain clouds, which circle like a vacuum, sucking objects toits center and pulling everything below the surface of the waterbeing influenced by the cold and hot atmospheric conditions.Columbus and his three ships were caught in that region. Theydrifted aimlessly for several days. There was no supply of-K‘ uscflflbgstrong wind, which vexed the sailors, who planned a mutinyW§%£fii2LQmiHowever, the genius of Columbus prevailed. The sailors of theSanta Maria threatened to mutiny. Columbus gathered the crew on14/199the deck to calm their fears. He asked,€can anyone make an eggstand upright on its tip?,After all attempts of the crew failed,Columbus took the egg and tapped the tip until he made a slightcrack. He then placed the egg to stand on the cracked tip,saying, “You were unable to make an egg stand on its side. Hereit is I have shown you the way.” The very first land he saw, heanchored his ships and on landing gave praise for the safety ofhis men and his ships. That prayer he offered was the “Te Deum”after which he named the island La Trinite. Many years later thehistorians altered the name to Trinidad, in honor of the BlessedTrinity.According to Columbus’s report, the inhabitants of theisland were extremely good looking, tall and wore preciousjewels (gold) around their necks and arms. When the Spaniardsmade inquiries about the precious jewels, the natives pointedsouth in the direction of South America. Some historianssurmised that the natives instinctively pointed south to lure£rn§ fiqr flair;the strangers awayfen an attempt to protect their villages andcreate a safe haven for their families and their community. Nogold or silver was ever found in Trinidad, but gold, diamondsmgy_pg;iifl1fiand silver were found in South America in the Guyana’s#\Blackgold, however, was discovered hundreds of years later. Oil,crude oil, is referred to as black gold.15/199“(if /1} 7" (‘M1/\1&1@_7/1» N(Q//‘Q/£10,,XIt is not too difficult to understand how at one point,t\Trinidad was connected to the continent of South America, the—f3lorq ad ¥¢~~w~ !SiQ\*\°( atA of both continent‘ and tropical Q areI I QD_Tfi,,m1;(31 QM! Tfopxcal tlmifis ;,.@i\n@¢:€1.,_ ram ‘»_.\s,q“ “Q V Fvwfmm §:d__,¢identical. The .*‘*s’% mm w\l~\r~,l’.Lt 5? Y;\V:l‘\\(\1v\u3 r\&~*(‘\,,- HIMTrinidad is separated from the continent by iSalt wateri “U "\““‘\“\“"‘$lake called the Gulf of Paria, the southern end of the gulf is astretch of water seven miles wide, which is connected to theAtlantic Ocean. The northern end of the lake is called theDragon's mouth. It is thirteen miles wide with currents flowinghue m* _ y, x. toat the rate of thirteen miles per hour,@ E1’ 5*“ <*"{‘~ “i' H" TH‘. ""\‘;T*J~"‘“ J M {L M Anifil ulfl‘ {Lu -s o u bus began his exit from the |)‘l‘3§Q: Hm”.’ K?“ V, ‘ ' .3 L -.~is \, 11 mi 'mi\‘<, 0' Qim out Ej \ ULair» 0,./1 H-1,! ¢Jaw3i..— (‘II HQ.‘-'.J Jmffnorth he and his men e e ' ed reat t I T . KP <3. wk itWC L‘ § ‘#4 eM@k_mq “' ‘ “*'i1"°‘ ti H“ ‘>“'~‘£‘ H‘— ' ,- N. R. _\ ['4-#.-u-13:, those currents and the islets/\in betweer i‘|i1\*\~i~§ (u.m..ls.,AH ’\”‘\1 "'2' n qubnuygl L3‘; M" [H_,RL\ ,,\,,,'{*‘ -ff, ’1Pr<\\,§[ <§r:\-Yqtm‘EX and Trinidad. The network of smallAislar ' ~ J' ‘ ‘J :F4e “fig: T[1qik<'?‘i ¢{,v_<,.Gulf of Paria, created great navigation; Wm»! ~ DP 'v\'I>\(C HER .and his ships. Finally he was able to enterwhich splashes it's waves against the mountainous, rocky,northern coast line of Trinidad and, on doing so, he stood onQ[z§v:.3~® the deck of his ship and called the Venezuelan point “Cape "" ‘ J ,. *(-um {M \/Aigei has Saflkqfg um-1 uwvrdub ¢r{mimqls, qmi um some 0'? his 6%;’"~‘T<*kl;7i)3_ “Md _ £F_g;k‘.$ e to God.AThanks for, perhaps,(u 1- . - - -#5Wile-s ‘flu Suns mm were¢. . ' . A ' ' fdead“; QM A0 I w rt of his voyage t certain times o- T/*3‘‘Ma §=uivP =$~r>m. $04 o “Wm1 . 'S ,1_ . , Q extremely dangerous for sailors and"R wgsd he euwék comm d.flqr WQQ $ re 3 torms suddenly erupt with monstrousI/1' find @147-Y L ' as; airsEfi “ma Pm’/R esa Y\Qv|"'T5I“c wk: 16/199gum! ha aim: ++é“~m1“*\:i F:m\*:;.,.._r i~_.\.,§\identical. The R-¢ ,4’,I 11-u\Trinidad is separated from the continent ,m“$lake called the Gulf of Paria, the southstretch of water seven miles wide, whichAtlantic Ocean. The northern end of theDragon's mouth. It is thirteen miles widMe "fie t tn f K4: '-5_ I a e rate o thirteen miles per hou \‘"W =w ‘ E _ r , _ , ,1s o u bus began his exit fro: the gulf, sailing sout to D aI north, he and his men experienced oreat difficulty because of5“F*“L§WE‘ 7"‘ =7-F mkitk iiu 61A-aaP- ' " ~apépquig those currents and the islets\in between the mainland, Venezuela.31’-kin’!-\J—ur\-“W54 _;¢1; n1rr7;_/ M_‘v_1 M52'1") and Trinidad. The network of small/xislands ithe swiftly‘traveling against the wind,into theeat navigational hazards for Columbuswas able to enter the Caribbean Seaagainst the mountainous, rocky,inidad and, on doing so, he stood onC4at$ called the Venezuelan point “Cape VJ‘ Th)”,1‘; wan %§&"3<I V e Z: 3od.a;hanks for, perhaps,ex;e:;e::;:; the worst par: of his voyage. At certain times ofthe year, the gulf can be extremely dangerous for sailors andopen boats. Severe rain storms suddenly erupt with monstrous16/199l '1?n mg [7hurricane winds spreading throughout that vast volume of seawater; MQL(€%_fl\& U? RJFl.0..1>\( W51“ L~»\»\<\\/laahle. .Aitboth ends of the Gulf the straights are extremely'5‘ I’ +1 515 ' ?¢'rM= A ‘Ll l1 mi-Me, 9‘?-§l\~'1 flwqkf J an 4;(Tk Qulfi} =1q>u-iv-.:¢d <1ui\L a-J 'i!~arv-1*\'¢\~-‘1 "M5 \'\=\|v\ q“ 1dangerous.AE‘ishermen today will tell stories of difficultiesIthey experienced with outboard engines maneuvering those waters' L; -151 ;D: Hcvwx NOlN’®.§\Hv.mJ=, q §{'5D;M\>~.| n. ‘mug wuw I kN.\9- 6'" ‘°¢£°-"*1 Q \$ 5 *1<%;lf thE__ s;rpent’s mouth.*~Tha‘1: hi/i‘ew from the window at school (Huml ‘Mpg MdHf Ic > My rmmrlc mffid “Q qnd ms am afl1¢Hmcl bjfim $|r<»\$ who Saki bwfiukl éwafl 4*‘Kw s=|lnv<.v'~'Fv_44v~{*""~3 "~l>\'wrJ|§Dr\=< gaf <_1 A;\<.leu>,. "J ‘iv/~c|Mr' B2fllv0iu\Q,'T“‘\‘0" VPQA 17’ Q5And the endless sky, almost so compelling. A cool wind blows lI1~through the window coming in from the bay...mmm...1 él&__g \17/199l'\L|llXe 9[Me |I”/~\ 43 *7//qfi-‘+1kQ‘sq=i¢dfoodhand areas to build new homes, moving from place to place.gThere was a time when the road was constructed out of coconutshells. The‘ Fibrous portion of the outer covering of the coconutwas Put ilOQetfi€I W» build the road. This construction took placeon the southern most section or (euros lnain Etcad. {_;;/waver, thismethod was abandoned rapidly, because it was too difficult toA+'fhqT7I'/we 7114. mo'1‘ov" I/elucles lbw/l.0f‘fI'&$ did 1101'" qrhiva zit Cefllrfis. So fie was Iv’l’- ..maintain.‘/7L\Today roads are constructed with large boulders and refirmte PM\)1/c[¢5 bewijhard stones from the uarries of Trin'dad._”/7°’? Md N‘ ‘fa dgfialfi.Mrrpdnead 0.-In zhe rm:-=1. ';%m£; -hike -F/sh -/v 1% c¢pI1'D/ '/P <1//5?? V‘“d°rs Q“gonnase is the hub of the district of Cedros where thepopulation is greater, where the_local government (gov’t)gap _d¢- \/lH€- 1*; all “tkt uu £13113 pent; lww 6-conducts its affairs. Cedros consists ofASt. Marie, Bois Bourg,Bamboo, Perseverance and Fullerton.and Icacos. These are all14¢ W4 4’ @¢<*:,*J-2?... .9//.¢ . |called the ward, gut _r er toAthem as the District ofCedros. Cedros is a peninsula which stretches for 28 miles onthe southwest corner of Trinidad. The Gulf of Paria splashesagainst its northern shores. The Atlantic Ocean and the Northit .w _]l 1 ~ / rte Wil-J“East Trade winds bring rainfall and strong sea currents ’i\‘fl“* '\**'(-("“‘,~l 7‘W Tr.'w€e\“{ is ¢ku<..\ deqmes vufifk F-(3’i'k¢ quffbl’ aecoml-'5 lo WY "WY 5 ~throughout the length of its Southern beachesikghe peninsulaagradually tapers down from San Fernando, going west to PointIcacos, where the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic converge. It iscalled the Serpent’s Mouth. That is the name of the strait whichseparates Trinidad from Venezuela, a distance of seven miles.The currents of the strait travel 13 mph, requiring great skilland navigational experience. This is an important lesson to be19/1999?f1<1 AAMALhim 5“l" /439‘EV I 5//Q»<\ -ilk :3-91». h.-J Twk\roads though dangerous passageswfilling up awkward slopes toHM-4 bu}/vl1;\5 W011» UPHQH 15 {rugs r‘-\v|lu_g and qmkmqrd i.1nd§Qq[fg$—t: ¢r~¢_E[-Q gqfi, v~cu¢|.Sform rounded level curves l-,1(\were all done by hand. With theexception of one bulldozer and trucks which transported dirt andboulders, and huge quantities of raw untreated asphalt.Mad“ AM‘ by qyuqll figngg m\ ',\/WuParticularly interesting was the work That created a great experience and heightened curiosity forboys my age. I dare say old idle men who were unemployed orunemployable, would stand there all day watching the activities.They perhaps even told the employed what and how they should do- - ' s.uJa'ec B bay ‘l‘l'OY1‘the}?-" gobs _'7j’-\fi,_“ g5"“,""@ i=?‘,ff‘j€,Sj%,°f§ -,‘,(\Z‘;‘1§f§.,, 4n‘é‘”[g2§1‘i L:iT1i1€ai§“iLF‘{r13\e<€:t(l§}ieJLU:li8Ci*/lg '2i¥di’?1‘\i§“f+i§fl11§‘ XtarZk(J(o;f road making.ll 7* T . . 1/ i -Consideration is %1!‘!6C.D"\<‘2\fl_[“l“\ €’€_"’\‘ [°“’*4 '€°"""“+“'“‘ ced immel'1$.e|.\%\' Tia camyw-+ €l?‘uEi'~Tf<- 2:-g’§1>l\'J [xi av\c\_ M4521 W l "Tin !"~\’~\reliability on du ""°1$51“H~¢eFQ>¢ $51 ‘l/_‘*"'@ ' i and r,old J|';~‘['TI'n€_‘£q -{Aw fie 1I.,1w.s“Iiu~¢-dv<.. ]q»,w¢11;.5,‘§f.¢.,M__<>»_t \/\U51t'iE'lk¢ 5?:"""T*=4,**1'@ =1-|»h>r@d M mus l§~\uLid~ plans for the"RP; ii:/ul. 'l4%oul§4 Fm» on 1/“(ct ML - 3 ' 5° - ~ -P L" PI‘d~~J‘_to buzli I/Lay! homes)? 1&5.-on, inspection,1"-B11 mam s am. ‘Fat |/1:;-1 u-\<\l»TT\3'<.- _T141 ""“["i"3 Q? new rm g WNW“ \,~ wsd S+“~tuj‘;/ r¢;¢qv¢k, Q-_Yf\APv'¢<;l~ 441 ~lMQs Fl volesfi fllkuvwk "4ALlu4J- Bieaqst*:'Lv\d4'avtv did Ml" nH¢l'S l'\4c\v=& E015 Tim“ EGEIHGQP a15 wuv4,1§\rsu.=‘l~T|v-_civ.vuc —§%w.§Y'_ fl fies’Du. to.» I\A1§MiviI.x e. —gR¢_',¢ {.4§h1%\s \\3.a.\)W foot*Ei‘_\j3§ man-Tilzn.-—%. .new road. That retesting and almos stime, before the i Ownr|u.<>\ avdfi 42¢-.¢v\|i “LT 4 , ‘ ' _tm¢'k5I _ .|-4through the raini 1TIL1.7‘\@'Ft\"- K‘ ‘\:°\1'k\'-J l\'k‘- Pix‘ "° "‘ Q 3-far eated Qnoads)‘ . Q \|a\m|\ \.qn|L'\ (V\P\\wq|\ T“. ...\»_, gum-I y\W;\~\;,\3to develop new‘ 01kr§v\é:tl\'1s_ ’ 3 landhfor [v~ '1|nXk <:§;I\\»r /'1V“‘*> 44$ Lflwfi“Mum-\1»\. %~*- 1! =-=~rBr¢ct 24¢ mus out (. In vrM~'l’e buiifl main-»;§a%ma Em W "“:"f:;;““"i '$‘“;;t.r.¢1: z V 1 $5» €'€@»15=._afi 7v r1$0.4, ¢-;t»(;w¢IaZa»:': m>~ !_§.~. ;;;,.,.4_min‘. ; ~ d! _ V»: wt::.4safi'm§.s|hualw4 9714-; Putz; w»r:§¢‘\:l::~.1%m‘L+ washer wax mu‘ ehoim aw ~\;» Em.)“Q0. gaflwu §aa<_¢ mt‘ {:13-11q@@1q%;;;Q'l'""*|"- _B€§' -Mal ucurifiu \\ai‘G\=~ ear» Quin». Nam -uwsg Mmggluq» \v f‘ N» . I ' it 1‘m;:..?%%€ m? ..sllwmé.hnmlgihue lgq)/\Q[i i<>!\q1emphasized, yet the strait (serpent's mouth) continues to createcasualties every holiday season.When the ground is well prepared to fulfill its prospectus;measured, dug, obstacles removed and dirt is leveled, a truckarrives with the required amounts of boulders and stones. These90-are carefully measured and hammeredis spread over the layered stones.ichunks which are broken down into veit is spread on the platform of storpebbles. Several barrels of oil arecontainer like a concrete tumbler or concrete mixer. Thistumbler contains the crude oil with a mechanism beneath it,* flaflick LNJL .which when lit,liquefies& It is broken down to a more liquidform. Then the crude oil becomes more manageable. This solutionis very hot, and it is poured into a large tumbler that isrotated above tongues of flames from a gas stove situated belowthe ;;g;g£E tumbler. Next this soluble solution is poured intobuckets, then spread over the asphalt and stoneswhich are placedsecurely as foundation for the road. These buckets wereperforated to enable proper and safe handling for the roadmakers.The machine was once operated by hand over this flamingfire stove that shot several tongues of flame against therevolving tumbler. The hand spun tumbler became too hazardous20/199sand was replaced by automation. Now the tumbler is self-/_q/:11/mi 6 pipropelled and empties at an appaiaiad time, which is theresponsibility of the truck driver. The heated crude oil ispoured into buckets. The buckets are perforated, enabling theoperator to spread controlled amounts of oil, hot oil, on thenew portionfiof road. This task was assigned to men. Today thespraying of hot oil is done by machines.When that process is completed, buckets of sand are spreadover the newly oiled surface, and a heavy roller is brought into compact the sand—oil—asphalt, stone and boulders into acompact road. The process is repeated several times until theroad is elevated to the required height. The crude oiltransported in barrels is called tar.The tar is obtained from the oil refinery at Point Fortin,where a small percentage of Cedrosians are employed. PointFortin is eighteen miles away from Cedros. It is considered along journey because of the nature of the winding and narrowroads. Point Fortin and LaBrea produce the materials: asphaltfrom a lake of asphalt found there and crude oil, keyingredients for road making. Asphalt is shipped all over theworld. Asphalt is used by the recording industry. Asphalt isprocessed with other chemicals and fl into bitumen.Ashton's father worked on the road area as a part timeworker. The Public Works Department has a limited workforce and21/199on occasions it is forced to look for support from the villagepopulation, who quite often are fishermen, gardeners or coconutestate workers. Mr. Romaine is one of the latter. He tends hisvegetable garden during periods of une: " '22/199,2;/I97A HOUSE _ OF BAMBOOAshton's family home was built just before the asphalt was rpoured on their tracks. His father, with help from hisAsktvlineighbors, built a fine home for his family. fighad two sisters.He was born between sisters. Their home was built on the top of_'g“-/- ‘ ‘$0.3-1[‘;'g-(7-Fqqr f0d&. nofik a steep cliff close to the side of theAtrack. There was plentyof space to build the house, and a large enough yard tocultivate a large flock of chickens and a few other animals too.on-n£u0The house was made of bamboo. Bamboo was cheap,/\was available,4*"1pqm/;gv was I/3 swap Ifvery durable;‘easy to work and,\only an arm's length away.The construction of a bamboohouse seems simple enough. It@141/Q3 mi//4'/TLincludes dirt (refined and sifted), dry grass,Aa commonly usedplant which grows abundantly in the area, cement, fresh sand,4/5” 5/Ff"and lots of physical labor; mud w-Tlfir--131‘ MIKIQ7 7‘/\~54'\<1»_/A‘ (P4("’az 4”’ “Ami ‘Upon completion, a bamboo house is a work of art, done, notbu;/2“./>7by professional artists, butAthe owner himself, with skillfulhelp from some of his friends andneighbors. They are calledartisans. These artisans create functiol A111.“ 5,'\7,,,;8.q.,-I-1 piwf"-f.d— 1lun!dhmcreated product is designed for aplkfet mil; -fir speci"__o ulpose; Wherever,“ /1\poverty exists, necessity and/or creativity still stirs tihe 1/‘, Hf. 9“P'*.:L‘:fi“.;¢:1.a.zT%.°‘i.¢::==~w? fir.-.2222 1"?£:"‘.e.'&.."Z£**,,§"i,fZ.1£f‘.*::7.'a .,iZ‘“%~»€i' ~71! ii"i’Li#»amindmfhe production of’ household goods sugc as homes, {Jl'1E1lIS, Jtaiiria-5 5 h‘(‘f‘5beds tables, is termed functional art. That's one of thereasons I believe, the celebration of Carnival has become one ofthe wonders of the world. Artisans build from scratch. They23/199mi" /o—<¢//2;A House OF 5/M500begin with an idea; and from that idea evolves beauty and nFTa~dwonder. Far be it from the mind of these creators to be calledartists. They create because it is affordable and there is aneed. They fulfill a need, because it's a good sign of a happy,supportive, welcoming community. A good neighbor is anirreplaceable safety net and meaningful collaborator who seeks 1_ k=1: us. M ~1~~v‘ ~z“"1*'\**’ s'"*P"'" ""H‘°"EZZ’1»r;l'§very little or nothing in return. It's an old conceptéwe are ~2,,'j’,,,_. :15 nuband -,¢u,,;\l\4yp(14family. A taste of alcoholic beverages at the completion of theproject, is always welcome, not withstanding a large pot at homeof home—cooked food. The attitude and behavior-g: the same.Bringing in the sheaves or putting the finishing touches on theoil wells just the same a celebratory moment of success.Together we make it happen. Together we achieve — motto of T & Twritten in its emblem.They build a home from scratch to fulfill the dream of theoccupants. He wants to house his family, he calls for help, wecome together and we build, neighbors and non—expert$.They areartists in a real sense. Thatched roof is the covering of abamboo house. The roof is made of palm tree leaves. The floor issometimes made of dirt, or covered with boards cut from theCedar trees found in the area. The bamboo comes from a largepatch, a cluster of bamboo stems shooting up from the rootsseveral feet high into the sky. A bamboo house is held togetherwith cement, sisal rope, bamboo cut in several dimensions and a24/199T/P ~Eff /4/égl‘ 5/wcziio//Wfew weekend warriors, neighbors, friends who come together tohelp on another. In so doing, they create a village, buildingone house at a time. As a matter of fact, there was very littlemoney to spare. We all knew that, but we went ahead and kept onbuilding. One house at a time and a village grows to life— acommunity. That pioneering spirit is quite a universalphenomenon. Pioneering is a concept beginning with the firstsettlers of Trinidad— Arawaks. These early settlers workedtogether, they employed all the skills available in theircommunity to construct one house at a time, and in the processcreated villages in Trinidad, some of which can be seen on,, /a. -w /L£21:'f#4.IZ5w'\ ‘:5-lifl'“""' display at the museum,Afhat is creativity before civilization*7}, 1P“1~ /5 7¢]¢ bwibs and Arau-14; Cs-Mu, hZ'i'1Zm‘mu~ all #\< /lMen'ncl|anH)ar1i T/st;arriVed_ ;{¢¢¢_“dq-113 a e,1¢1'/1'3-thin fl-.1"mA¢Iu'ful "1:$g.eQrF»1fia-asmulg Pf yuzyx Fsunni/J fit /ca u_le. ur/ssx»i§_“/AL €)l'l1£1‘uln- bnlfygl fnhwmf ijlfit hmif Ii an/ml? s 3? "-1 - T . Th. ra r {bl IMTfirsgzn:;.";.'a';t“;**a.;;;‘?a’;./@522-3.;;:.'1;.‘§t’§2;‘j1";;Q<.;¥.‘.“$.61; »~f- ’civilization to the West ‘Indies. The new world as they described~ /6-1. .,;},,,.-5% (¢JY\L_1\\QJ 11> Emropu €x|0l@uu\v\J lfiur suQ(£8S£s.it,Ato their native country: the civilization they broughtr to ML“; #3“ “Maui*co“|§hJ rQ%M_ ‘Md Rd-£,—f~l\,_,‘ wgfg a»\p[aru'"~1 lml upwuuonn s susilkywfux) Ml'7 the West Indies fi% forces of evil,/\contempt for the natives; 6;;/2”f"£.‘§’;{T:;‘é15,1 wrfla ow H137"aJl'\'l~" - . . - .”[R Toiqklr17 Caribs of Trinidad.;H\Q '“4~*1"\a»(5*"'=" ‘Mi ““\'"'*k= "°">“j“°‘ 6l""“l1 £5 'a’g@'1l~$-@§§’~§fi- W ‘égnlzgkolg, The name Adjoupa (a construction made of bamboo, palm Nip 21:}' \3“ ‘Mc 4‘leaves and mud) describes the homes of the Arawak, misnamed ‘J ' /‘ - ' weaved hi"/lflflifi '7“ 0‘ 4‘1",!¢”“f1‘/‘T5 Kg Mu .['“e‘°‘ Indian.-RUM wrg, air/8'*g“}§_€‘5e;‘::'Z§s #,,,M1k,T hglif -fin. 7su'1-7-'TEe.|v~ cruI{&3j“'|?°“_»‘€ur’§?>o\4- U"8a"~u%n‘%'?lZzu+'-I‘fscl,\:& l\u:Tlcl -wl flllvol ‘Ha 501/ - Q5 cqK‘3'k:‘Fb$-m‘; v9"%;i:;>W1\:\“\ vi: "?l‘*:3.\\¢$ 'When slavery was abolished in 1834, the black man (negro)I9 glavery and death and destruction befell the Arawaks and theimproved on the concept of the Adjoupa. Tools of steel edged25/199Z4 /101/45 0/1/30/1/1500sharpness assisted in the building skills which improved thequality of workmanship to the homes, and tools used in thedevelopment of the communities. The family home became anartisan's work of finer quality. Eventually houses were built“f” [ win (’_T_C([‘¢ "WA? "Mm, mfiléfim*1 __ , A_ _ -..with stronger reinforcement. 4/P“ “MI ‘ "‘ [Ci U26/199BAMBOO VILLAGEBamboo village was created one house at a time, neighborshelping each other. There was very little money to spare. We5 understood hardship, but we went ahead and kept on building. The ‘fir ""'"~ lqwd 45' 41¢:-\~p me-U’,-ih¢ mdhrmis -he b\A'\\¢\|h3'\'\\<.bnn1bv=u ud-u-'f:1- being of one mind began to help one another. The hiring offie p\U“PU§blnsfilud In“\iA'\T\\')q |°\Iu [5\- /7I‘? Am ..|L(‘u/fig‘ experts was out of the question. Neighbors asked each other forhelp and those with few skills lent thems and then aught*9‘ ?c¢\;\~_ ufi \n|'\\\k|5 \nuF\~s ad m'\n(\ surruuuflvd la pitai '-Fsfli “\"‘<'\""""\4=\others.ALet us just say those who needed the help became thetrainees, they applied themselves and received on the job'3- *<‘1R¢ work was afrumnl d\*$-Yitu\\’ _W\e At|1§\.¢¢kTfl~ \/"11 ward work,practitioners, artisans, even experts, their on—the—job trainingpaid off. Their volunteerism sparked a large flame that burnt avillage into a part of the tropical forest. A dream was created* er@from the minds and hearts of the semi—skilled,Athe learners andapprentices who came and volunteered and believed and trusted in ‘mi,wv* 1‘the idea of hel ing one another.¢.,&W1"~¢"¢'-\'[1!1_b¢1“VU_5'Md [tMA“hM€g-. , , , - _ '\'Trqgljgmorfky /‘cLj§€>7PQf1,Y;§\e'\'e:~u~ \‘\:-\\\<<-. a. \)\“qsn. was wrrtfm bu swqi\‘M;u-l°f\:_<:$ at-gs‘Most of these men were: coconut pickers, gardeners, 3 3 Ailfishermen, grass cutters for the large coconut estates, publicwork employees and laborers, unskilled or semi—skilled handscreating livable space for other members of the human race. Sonsand daughters of slaves they were, supporting each other to27/199B/W4 B00 l/4L#'““1’151’ Id Aw: "'(\'\'\i¢if-_fi~¢ sawfws-(3b\,\ ['\v¢5|"“7\<. onus, uko 3Q,,\¢.;\'1b\-_ gv(;T'['nw\5 aw? |Qadu~¢\ {M v!V\]v\(l +kl\+ flu fl$(\\=wiw qmwpl M Hr \»\)t<) luclieg not my urniworh together. ~€w-M <1 umh ad ~~\.7R—5 vxkwa. .¢,. IQ u;1Tf)\§Lg,))§}$m@‘ITf Qfiw Wm, @\Ig4_§'q\\4Q“}\fi )), ,1 ‘FR] )l\n\:d M R"1‘“‘*1~YilP\ ‘lRc~| »~§v\::lT>FA ‘Mr [wL$ 'T<§j|\£fuF&- TLQU mu": \ur»|»0\"5,u)1u: p@TQE(eJ ‘iliq. -{\.§D€,,,,;L,£SWhen Christopher Columbus landed in Trinidad, the islanders Lellnbsalready inhabited the land. They built their homes, lean—to’s,and ajupas out of wood and thatched leaves. Columbus mistakenlycalled them Indians, because he thought he had reached India.These Caribs or Arawaks (called Indians), had alreadyestablished their communities;§They cultivated crops for theirfood. They created tools to till the soil and reap their cropsat harvest time. So too, the descendents of African slaves,t¢kwbrought their artisan skills to the West Indies. They inheriteda deep sense of support for each other. They were strangers in anew land. Needs had to be met. Therefore, it was easy to find ahelping hand. Unlike the history written by the Europeans whocalled the native inhabitants West Indians (a misnomer) andLiszt;cannibals and treated them as slaves. The natives were/‘as guides-yé —n\e5:. r\o(‘H\/¢ 1‘\*favJn.k.s were A4Jr|'Lu.l'hA'i€l“<. ya\avdI‘|'m:\ c1J\‘u.,'Yv1-xigg, ¢p11'ow7?;';;lF}%S\A'g.w am‘ fig‘to search for gold and food to supply the'n_ ships$Later blacklu“ uim“»9_&\_\fizrufiv. “*5 “\““"men and women were captured from their native tribes in Africa. 3They were chained and brought to the West Indies and sold asslaves as most of the Arawaks and Caribs(West Indians) were Zkpuuaqdkilled off for sport:\These victims resisted slavery preferringto die_ jg gt); [W_-¢~\\'\&y $\m,U, (\MQl‘QlJ- qmpua, '$\au<:dv¢-s.‘ be ml’ e¢It"(h@. Sell‘‘UN, mLft'o. mu P%I\' an your $o@J_ qou AMT QC? W sqkhd ‘€O0:|, =\irmv\\§\\i' \\¢t{ N47> 1 \[0 Eliwl '1?» "Nu" uk 0. rm and per-€oPM TEE RLTUP“ ’ doAMI)?‘ $30 bllek 'l'l» 1*)‘-ggca. \ u.><>»<%er" 1-? i'\wvi€\' )~,'h €i'=>w=§- . "IE1-A bY'04\5o -Md ékzi unit. dnscuvmm’ new land they practiced husbandry-,‘1;;Ehey cultivated new areas ofkhzfigst“ U\\/ Qnirruuu ‘(binqthe land on which they lived. They planted crops, fruit treescreated vegetable gardens, and reared animals such as goats,1 pigs, cows, donkeys, horses, mules and other domesticated4‘ perk-\.ps wmg \T{?‘llu.;u_ avumkls uJu'e. lJmu.qk1‘TB‘l1\< W4 bi sailvfi will {UT Tm ad 1,I(,~§_“rV':ffl::AdiQanimals. Then they selected the most convenient spots for Laa_:\7K\Lbuilding a home. As the population expanded, the new inhabitantsmoved further inland to explore the ownership of new land andbuilt new villages, a tradition which they adopted from theirancestors. When villages became overpopulated, the chief andmembers of the community went through a selection process inorder to select a family or groups of younger people to beseparated and moved on to resettle themselves in new areas tocultivate the land and develop a new community. In this way,, lg each community is capable of surviving within their means .§If Mu crfl1'Qu.l mt 11» ow_r\qoPu(o1‘xo»\ 111- cuek mMMM\Q was closc/Lg %-*w~d-J- H1an old tribal custom instinctively inherited from old customs.I used to go to Bamboo to purchase coal for my Mother. Shewashed clothes for some of the village people. The most recentw|nOvillagersAhad come there to work on the oil fields.¥They wereTEmostly bacheloraq:/left the larger citi&s to pursue gainful’ ¢- wlfk 4 @.v\wll3 uzploflzli qrcmchdhrsli oil‘ wqc dlswvqr-ed,5 employment a Cedro i\My mother's relative§\ lived in Bamboo, nffi" #11 9"’ '45'4' ¢qylik @ ‘M M6 qrimi I I In b!¢I»4\LOl>* wer e fir arr1valsAof those ancestors of free laves‘ A ED L; ,_ M 15” 5/ave»; wasp, ‘f‘{‘§'(qm; u/as d f~[b\'f<=l #11 1°‘ "who res wor ' g on t ugar plantationsggl“ e were thebu M4,,’ ,;,,,5§/:0 a_ nmz Said, fzfn <1 ¢ 0fit 2‘? AAi%A@T Ia 1%? *%*;Re'W°“’Yb@" Q $9?/‘£6 D‘? ¢i*'€\4w1§f<§goluevwca. impfovemmf M \|’uw'\3 WI:-mi? 6 bfir <’¢k’le~“.I,l:zq‘»vL~T”1u|1 +5 mm mwm, “PWsaw 0. s@vi@.";‘5;’Y§§' ;'§w1J§fl§.7LJ1‘?$§.,,+,Rs ‘HM ex'1¢;?:=6f? ‘E/éfi ‘A‘”‘~P‘ “umEféflzé Du ‘Il\¢'1r fer‘1',]¢ mum‘ 1>*’I/nu-TR"; Affirm 461 “we, 2011513-(:9; cu ~F[\}¢1,\‘H051 ¢MpQ,\][Tt'uR%r1¢arn:6‘l"T! mahtQ 17 711;‘? T/ftvy were wjgslf’/511N154/?v*s,_ 77417 /J4’ I/11 /win‘ crfieg '/I//lurauz.§a~<{h/ evkplcimrfi H [M/res. 72¢“you" /Vlén. [AME 1b work ml 0 1/m¢{7up grad Q/M1. J {M/,,;Vwfi¢ oI/ was<1Is('c‘¢/€1'o‘lLA/,,L\ 12".‘ /727 n10‘/Aer’; pawn!-s I-‘@"‘~P4,!’ bf‘ fh -firs"/' qrrh/Q/s /'14‘ Blivn lgzm.7% 1""/= *7‘ ~~¢~"1‘M #¢w/ 4%tic“ m7 $1"/"fl w<\w/45.72 thzjz 5”?”P Bil ~11/rlks, Q». 1' 1 72>/d§/aver] was fit/1:; 5/44,11; 5:4: %/:/Z2“/,#97 cw/J M1" 12¢ mare. smff W12 _}°,¢i—fDVMJ2 ‘/114;‘: ollfifseerél ;>/mr/,:,~r,<~~- 7ksaoI/~as 775:7 Emu/4)/L some 03;;/veu. e.r;rg;,75r/ T/Ioml/e;_7212 were. _A/U #142" Q l’nu/ R7 and1%» 3”» %@:;:1*€‘*;z;~‘?:‘;=7":,‘1~<’*‘;¢&,‘;‘%’:;”§4. 7 ' 0. w“MS ""“ °.” W/0“) v§'“§'"§@ #1?.fi~.- Hlasz-1 zs<'h/ jg“./#17 |,wre £2 Rf#[ OS 5!-“D” _ _F new‘ I-/0 gmKg‘,/<21‘ Q» C- /F9 )/ *7 “J” ~ J}v _L\ /119;, on’/‘heir 0 4- ‘5 W/1» by/§<»;;§4_@~q¢?;£‘/5~:';[‘2\‘Z/L/Jfi /53'}?/5. <’f.l,”/>~a<*¢@Z4, ~“~~r"*/';, $wn~eLs (fivHf‘I:7 '”‘ ‘FM “MM r hk was Una“) |/ '/I5 ?4_fi2Pv‘ "19 5/‘ ‘it; Wt /M4 ,, Mgl /11‘? @*¢-+»,4,__H .L W/4,‘(Y)’.Tfiiwgézlz ~WE“_/ fifié ti?‘/gi be?/r; Mm/3/;.F,~_) 45%|" mung as. pass/1//I, fa; fjqgzerlamqm/pmvri-5, Tfiay muer ru 4’‘ fl MAHM 71¢ pq@e[Uec/ 4$vWi’ 541$/n U‘ r_ SI Ifiat; {W-/-14¢ mm rw [on e I q/mes.<2+é Q /*1 /‘M Mm 1. I nr‘ _ ffiqsmfl-viku run hams ‘d /ac»/_fi‘m WW2/WFm!'e/Z1;"‘ B“"‘“Z‘1o;""‘ -. *1“ 1' F~'"”‘ “" 1 i/b&7fil'1‘F>rI i rh,‘5‘?f*"“"'*"" "*5" g u . (“'7' /ecu/e, luff” F@>>W"°‘/ " I$90“, =44, KAI Ear!‘ t ‘A- filfirGlqvg am‘ ‘IL lmléuoflfl 5‘I> 996;“5 R C HJL7 .Jae‘ f pleasantnessand caring for 1 house, the menwith skills wou >thers, not soskilled, would I 1d hammers, etc.to make the job 5 party. When the_ 30/199AQi*l??al_ysv/mg5/W E00 c//tumiiArfrom “Massa” and the hard work of harvesting sugar cane.(Ilooked forward to those times I had to purchase coal for mymother. I used to run as fast as I could to get to Bamboo. Itwas an opportunity to get together with Ashton to play. Wehe “N15 in we favwklyshared a brief time together because Q the only boy, he, beingbetween sistersbfwas loaded down with the “go for” duties. Gofor water, go for grass, go for flour — go for this or go forthat. Home duties for Ashton were never at an end. Ashton wasalways on duty. But I relished the few moments we spenttogether. My going for coal to Bamboo was especially excitingbecause I knew I was going to spend some time with Ashton,eating fresh frui’ " ' ' " ‘ "1d part of theguava tree branch fruit tree tomake laglee withReturning ho] home all typesof fruit that my i 2. I had tomanage my bag of lndful of fruits?at the same time?The resident .ve of eachother. There always seemed to be an atmosphere of pleasantnessand caring for one another. When constructing a house, the menwith skills would arrive with their tools. The others, not soskilled, would bring their spades and shovels and hammers, etc.to make the job of completing gge house one huge party. When the_ 30/1991, H" 12@r Y, flare amq _5/t'VL60<> L//cuifiz/Tbuilding was completed, a bouquet of flowers was hoisted at thegable end, for reasons I do not know. Perhaps it represented asign of peace and plenty for those who were about to celebratelife within this new structure. Or, it could have been ablessing on the building that it would endure a long timewithout too many problems. Who knows? That's the way it was.None of these individuals ever attended a drafting school,I'm quite sure these men never saw a blue print design of ahouse. Perhaps poverty rivals creativity and thereforestimulates and affects the mind, in a positive and constructivemanner, so the end product can be achieved with excellence. l~wJL.@<1%,./5 /la /)uT' /M 1/~\£[">/M1 "M />c ¢‘el|.»»'1(/£m.(\v~/\¢ mm’ i»|<"¢u'§[L.(/ IQ ,"1~¢ »»ui+ am//c/IA /yvln awn tables, QEE. Those are functional art.. , . If . / 2 .These artisans produce household goods: chaifb, cabinets, beds,K]T(l4;_y\‘fi‘17l5'-, cub;-féfs, locds, :1/@(\?ts_ses, /Ql.vTfia$ rr/.d<$,ym1hr0F I remember how difficult it was for me to make a bird cagetor a top out of guava wood, or even shaping a cricket bat from acoconut branch. Leave it to Ashton. He was the first person Iturned to and he came through for me. He acquired those kinds ofififiiafohiiajgéryél 7/Ki UL“ (MW? ML‘ K1’-lb»-'~( JFM *5-ll“ 1w=/“I'M; _T¢b\l’>l', P<'[/“j/Q, 6/~H‘m-J11’Every year at Carnival time in Cedros, the Carnivali2fl§sing in one voice: “ ' '” Maybe it was theAll ah we are on familystory of their collaboration; to motivate others, to belong, tobe us, the spirit of unity. We are US, the spirit of Solidarity._ 31/199lie Ila“hlu PL'3/| IS-“ 1-11./9?/ME ea.CzmwurryA i OF BAMBOOThe creation of a man's home is a formidable task. Itrequires lots of skill, lots of patience and lots of man power.Thanks for the help of good neighbors who made their presencemeaningful and productive. The village becomes a set of storiesfilled with the strength, the hopes, the good wishes and theskillful helping hands of good men and women, who come with athousand dreams. Dreams woven into each structure in thatvillage and become a beautiful tapestry. A place of oneness,togetherness. “Together we aspire. Together we achieve.” (Aswritten on the emblem of Trinidad and Tobago). I'm wondering:1 H . 4 H, 4.w _PDid that come from the Bamboo experience?Ashton’s family home is one of those bTthat tapestry1KHis father and their neigh] won the side of the track. They built it f‘TIM nun 7'ke7'A; Hon u\A§-off the coast of Grenada. He had two sisbperson of the familyA The house was madecheap, it was available, very durable, ea't_~las_-FL¢=arm's length away.AThere will always be ain Cedros. Let's say there is no Cedros i, , , ,Bamboo Village got its name because a large supply ofbamboo grows there. The builders had no real difficulty in theconstruction process. All the materials were on hand and very32/199was welcomed. is familyAcame from C. iII‘lr»i¢ u *km. I’)-'31| /5"1. 1-1h/73’/+6.13 5;.Cmnuuw 1A IIIIII»OF BAMBOOThe creation of a man's home is a formidable task. Itrequires lots of skill, lots of patience and lots of man power.Thanks for the help of good neighbors who made their presencemeaningful and productive. The village becomes a set of storiesfilled with the strength, the hopes, the goodiwishes and theskillful helping hands of good men and wthousand dreams. Dreams woven into eachvillage and become a beautiful tapestry.togetherness. “Together we aspire. Togeflwritten on the emblem of Trinidad and TmDid that come from the Bamboo experienceAshton’s family home is one of thosthat tapestryuxfiis father and their neighbor- bcli- a ii“- Home . .72on the side of the track. They built it for a new family tha71“. Him.) ‘ M17 ' I -/Mwas welcomed. IUIUIIIB familyAcame from Cariaou, a small islan"E%§‘*%;= :2 , 3%;Ioff the coast of Grenada. He had two sisters. He was the utility: q ‘ ‘IA; How uni.person of the familyA The house was made of Bamboo. Bamboo wascheap, it was available, very durable, easy to work, and only anlt_ms_-risearm's length away.AThere will always be a large supply of bambooin Cedros. Let's say there is no Cedros if there is no bamboo.Bamboo Village got its name because a large supply ofbamboo grows there. The builders had no real difficulty in theconstruction process. All the materials were on hand and very' 32/199“/“H ../1L C’0//N/14¢//4/771 a7>915/W1/500easily accessible. The formula had been achieved when the firstV » - ml-sk wim = I I I / "‘““"/"“'7'hlk1F/L -fmc wv-F6 MR4-4~ mpUm>1¢:,/ Tlcht (r 5/‘0{/,1M.»1-/ /|[/¢' §'lor/1’: név-3"innovation; motivation and the fulfillment of each others needs.pm u- am!‘/i\<’£\ A75;-,,,,-,, 5/“,4The/\strength of the poor; their success in the gewer and-45¢ r¢:///1fl'I\'/'encouragementndyerived from their hard working minds andhbodies. ~ r(_ wlI y ML —f~,,;-k yup as q rn dra suwnmThe willingness to embrace one another, to trust,\each o her, to,3.,/¢,,5Q~u’rWL-give of their time, the willingness to,\learn from each other to35/199Q3 :->5 RAMM_ *FAC[E 5!, I lL //V /H/1-I /M,"-‘) ' //4 //~do, to share, to create in the name of friendship and need;[MK A *that’ s communit $6/' H‘ ‘ >11‘ ‘ 7* [W/’ YT! ‘ ' ” 'l ‘ “J” W 7 ’ ’ §7~ "("4 wank 's new 0’) ' JL7V;{ /1~"/ K” -2,11/ WU‘; a scr;;.'“m‘£]u'>TIl0>11“ 5:204 -W“/‘<5/S clvat/_,"4¢r;¢¢d?£¢s(yaL¢1¢$”§,,by/-;,q,~AQ/,g M7 ,;Z»\ ' -".4 “*3 /.w1Lé§\‘//1“-=.5I([ fflww R/PM2 @@v@fFv;1*i'¢'M/"'1*g5_4é]'“Amyachildhood life in Cedros, I walk tall.,\I really and trulywalked tall. Like the cedars of Lebanon. Perhaps this is whypeople tell me that I'm seeing the world through a kaleidoscopeI pray nothing will ever change that. I hope I can continued_ _ we /Ob/( ed“Q _.5‘ looking out for others,“Yqe /m, I/‘zi//wt n.1r/'>»:v/A<'y¢»u\~~r_1€/lees 31$‘/ivad 1» bI)To1 1.’/..’::",;:£%1sé:"-.44\/ Mr . “““;;'.;’.,“Y.f§;':“‘my mother needed coal1\H£hgarents came n Cariocou, a small puM}3d€kU5 $ +..;»w/ ;,.",+§.island close to Grenada. They were very quiet and to themselves.-» , I became friendly with him when he began gchoolag atBonasse. We sat at the same desk Ifigibecame best friends becauseI was left handed. I do not understand why I had never noticedthis before. It was only after he pointed it out. One day duringthe last hour of Ashton and Iwere put in . Ourresponsibility called nutgrass. These they never seemrrww. lto stoQA ae used dirt aroundeach plant, to re from theearth, enabling are likethe Minnesota state bird— the mosquito. They come in drovesduring the summer months. They seem unstoppable. Likewise, thenut grass. It had everyone complaining. Even the dandelions areupstaged by the nut grass. The nut grass is dug up at the lasthour'bf school; the next day up they come among the tomatoplants. Nothing has changed.37/199"1? \ G 1% f\é/~\s1+To N M‘! 1'/$1115/413That afternoon as we were working, the dirt was hard, nomoisture, we attempted to dig around the stem to loosen theearth so that water would get to the roots. Digging seemedimpossible. I had trouble penetrating the soil. He said, “HeyCyril! You left handed?” I was surprised but managed a smile. “Idid not notice that before,” he continued. It never occurred tome either that I was left handed. Nobody ever mentioned it untilnow. I'm left handed. We exchanged a few words during theperiod, but it was so unusual, it seemed to me, it took him solong to see that. I was stabbing the earth with a tiny forkwhich made him realize I was left handed. I became a left handerfrom that moment on. 55 K \ _\ fifi g _ .1lilw Bx His father built a fine hous\eIf\with the help of neighbors. "’=~'%§’€:"_:1“‘P‘ -_'qe'~~-...._f“~ k ~-"nu-_ ' ‘ gpe .m;-_.._;;,~gif i I I W ‘%°§\“ ~*“"' * 4cliff, the site on which the house stood, seemed structurally ~ -~..\:l-if‘:v‘ <\f‘--,._*»‘-sound. Lots of vegetation, bamboo clustered, gru gru, bois flown,lots of trees flourished there. All very good signs the land wasrock solid. However, he built the house on the other side of theL Mi ;“("' 5“ “*1 5%-" hb"='~= -x1-v1'-fir fm 4 his wdqkiovs b~L\\+ ihir \/\vM1\0v~'“\I- sq‘-ifl-. =;».-h ?$-flu 3§,,,1'=(7~,,¢L _track, which might have been a mistake.&The land formationshowed no signs of deterioration. There were no structuraldefects to the house. His choice of landscaping was by sightL L5 onlyfflwlwi e\)o_1-aqua 1/\~¢*- 0"“ ‘°“=* '~W@ *1 film» b5‘°‘*‘,;3fk%Ointhwhil€ hammering>¢he instrumentjon the street to create the(Md (llllud l. "We Bqsg [Mei ,(§,,((j'fb as 1\,\a a“QLo@_ Drv-\~\M&\‘S are ‘HM aufikvurs 1v\ Q bqvxd.-)TD“ ‘:n'l(‘““:!/L‘° ‘)°""bl?<‘(I):~»|~\ci1v\j3T\"MT: 40/l99<]rc-uni ream; an \\[Le b~v"> (fi\\5i ’."|LLmé)..<]rv\p|w'$‘51‘rT"J-3~3Pt\u.$uam‘-ff of um ,~ d.+LL....'.1“ -H.__,.i1; JJ_f..._hin4d nu :a¢.L_boi'i[|_,\d[\i¢.L'|§'TTmp_ol \'°;:T\m,\,,l;>:i<°i 5:-J.|_ as-M“ **- with bottles h (ML: ‘H//‘Z1 . goon against the K pk»; ur ',\-=r,7\ . W1“ X ' m‘lh.lvofH4. _ Plb Y‘llIzull'\-5 0: I T Prl 1* 1» fad‘ fl“ 1, ,“;_,+y ,_F w;m_Nld_‘m‘-“ I\Q 3 widest part of ;,'!‘T°.,°/‘1*4¢~1,~¢¢~ 41411‘/@.fi,L;,¢11___‘ T1lCh are used asU um-?_i|Z:j ad‘ “'5' KP’ .2‘-\u‘+5)An indivi =4“€7~4¢l\ m‘1[°*$'— "5 =~lM r:* W *1»; 1_;*'j;“m_,,-\ .7g...._ w.3...;\t+ :1,:e;";o_a?§N E’) »Primarily, all percussion soun ‘kw F9“ ‘EAL ah,‘ -mg W314, ,_\.,..;.4q\~.Tn-3 uum“ bu-:fl¥\..fi. ¢J~{>u\€l\[< zusfumaiBonasse during the Carnival s A-will cl-A F-R b¢~1'!‘\$~l \E‘?\""""§l1r“*i“' 9' q,_p\in_4~9L§,3_n@ wfik R v\<3“T\ en-‘~*\"—‘~ __\l*\* \q» 1 . ' ,, CU\m'Wq)( (I4-ll\'H~Ilf3 bah \'v. A-.qa»~ ~‘{ us °‘ .h. d _ 1-H;The Burroquite, half man, D, Q“ |~,)J ;,__ tst-=\&§ HM» ‘-1parfqr-»u<-u_ \.d|l( ¢\l€\_“<\U1 '§“ “mg-E new um ‘ \L§ I--performer. Men and women costun Ht,‘ °;.,IuP:d?:MA»k~b§ wrlilvtufihlfimas. The maco jumble, man on st‘Ma $4 /|\ H¢_,‘flL'_ muu7,;q-\|v|'-_, gum-@\(~‘ ¥a\\\V\}:7n. _ --~‘u=|RL5_nr elu. Qdd b¢_/ =mmh'u§i ea av. Avdisau.93 rhythm kborrowed from ‘Jae sounds Then there lS the steel pan R*<‘\‘*'-s “~"\L“‘°“"A \\'\s daulfl-|'%~A'§Qv\€\\~§ waround the neck, steel drummers. They strap their steel pans Ihmv-._,Z41/199Phfh: LuC/4A/Y/\/A/t //1 C¢l1M0§basic tempo. Bottle and spoon, a small section of men and women§\"iP\ fie!‘ 1'hLikRutd_Y OF ‘°‘!T_r~ flkfuufnes ‘H1; l1q1'g‘|g‘q"u\1bkYtllB4'\ anal; b¢H(¢., ~.>l\i=L '|g'T1w.Il 1-QlLET\V‘l3b\bl§jl'€O)\ 5:-1:. 17$-‘*- with bottles half full of water,‘ beating a spoon against the ‘L pine <.r}.j¢=.rlu 4‘ Y*‘¢1\.m-.a Q \>fl- FF Pr§l+lCL’ sium voiea Q|’lQ_ v~<\w'_*-F\ ‘K '|"'~'~ b*\*~1- I"4 3, widest part of the bottle? Pitch oil tins, which are used as‘Mggarbage containers, are snatched from people's yards to becomean instrument during Carnival season. Therefore, during the masseason, trash cans are stored inside the house, or stored lockedwithin the gated premiseslM& 9 ‘fit/,\ u var: |AQ.J1l>IL$ lack:-3:7 'F1.“°"“ §tfiPP°d ‘\"‘*"’°‘+“ N‘ §L\°i+S'An individual mas, Jack Malasee,‘Pa man painted all over in_ black oil, with horns on his head, a whistle in his mouth and[U41 ID X‘ Ahquq.-J |'.,¢l.\ CF K“, Bull-1 is qslmlny 4:11.‘ \ol=u;,k u:\T\L rad e-‘as n-ul lipSchains around his waist,4§is always a threat to little children.They run from him and secure themselves under the bed. Hisobjective is to make as much money as he could for the day, andrub his body against anyone who would dare refuse to pay. He isll Q "\- is Q»\51k=" Mam o\r— “‘- 9* 4- ‘*W'\\‘..9 1 . r. r . r \°...-1 J 1quartos, flute and cellos are combined to form a band. T"-"~ "“‘\\'*“'~* \Tlisse ii4€fr~w|eKTm\isTsqn. r17<_rru|'i'& qs Mari Makqm T5 pd-ihfkvjr gin id‘ o\<.v'\\ ‘_ 3%w<~lr<~\1 ¢.>u>w"€*~\ =\dTl\i~u\ will To-A5 Iu>¢B"l'w\§ . TR‘) Slug It :l1l*~\f“(fla~\d'\-K¢<.5 m quay \lN-B~Primarily, all percussion sounds echo through the streets ofBonasse, during the Carnival season. They call it, “Tuning—up1 , x I '—‘ ,\l\‘~ UK’ for the de real ting_ n Cq\\'y\\\[al \>Q'%\u\$ OVL W\QII~AB\.: AMI UJ\(tlV~flK$ 4+ M|dv\\-N“ hkkfickfigThe Burroguite, half man, the rest donkey, is a countryperformer. Men and women costumed in old clothes perform oldmas. The maco jumble, man on stilts dancing about creating a\\ $4 /|\ H¢,,:f¥:_ mug» dAM|w|'1_,5tu\\"\U~\ ¥-k\\\V\‘m R bq-41 MTQL M~uR|'<[\ns hr 1|“ imn\’fl'= Q! ‘\\'~ R“H$‘\‘*.u 5. .4 .M 33 rhythm /borrowed from the soundsAT/hen there is the steel panuE*<;“**= "-‘;:°“"I \g 0|\gLfl_, Gq’ '“ v\6\L~\\~/around the neck, steel drummers. They strap their steel pans 'vwqv-. Z41/199Q2? L\ \ [$1 1-an lw, 2 . ‘-F »L‘1hL¢iH4.* I" F“ 1' I. I 1 ‘bra’ 5flu W, ;,‘,*£.,2:;:*3z 2%.‘-'-;-:.*i*,,.,,,;;:”":~m* * "°“f'{- ~¢-*@' *1 D C lrfi D 5 '05,‘, f~.?'u~ Juan; [glut T45: {\:‘;7T&‘:.b@t!/-1lQI\0'-_*,, /1,111,». /04» [5.>whi7'[e»his F1»§i\¢¢ mu/s An. nqds 13$ m as,_; K ~ n 1- Th F 1;g;~1L:;,;.-,5= yam‘: §$(,‘1Ay3fA»<'T¢:l?71.m, Gm) Hui ‘flu’: Lo/7 is 4 6L/K] "I,bl»-;k.. His if-.2 -rm blwol V14. PM IF;am also Pl“, blew! PU‘/mfg? M F¢’:2;+.z~@?mrc:2;t:h§.;»¢;}] m,.(1»,2.)p¢~ noisy as um H1 1 ,<»M¢“rm.a;:Jm .;‘;‘¢;@zz2:*.:a~»:"k%r:<____ ‘H//99 ,7-"‘>@OK ummsiu-*, 8I<‘IZ¢‘::£:°MA1'\k'Ffl\ Q rzru\‘h»/{Pg b=$(I‘~ \'|,, dtqah 0? {:#u\“;::‘:ml~Aka.‘ Tm Wtvtn dumb‘! Tfi"-‘S on <‘Hl‘\‘s.“'%H1 Qua-ll ¥\l(u-as q be-J c?-»msI'r.u\-Q9' @\"~ |*°~]l-g Ln, mafia uvm€h'u.J - His£‘nrFOr»\n:~u_ u§1l( 41$‘ ‘l,_L1'_§u W". M::"?::;1.r;‘:,.m':k inA”P/»\ QT; 411%C)#K{V!Vfi_L./ /N Cc/9/W8around their necks, while playing and dancing, which isdifficult to do. Now that has changed to a much more technicaldesign. They, the masses, refer to the old method of playing pan(steel drums) as “pan round the neck.”Carnival anywhere in Trinidad is a great time, a contagious //_,_._M ~~.;"1»:.—wv.»~1<»\6. experience, a happy time. There is no school for two days.i Hm morl4-v~§"&'l=»\eC@_E\1&' jqgjfiglffjk-_"m@ amjsfi Jaltpmqss. H‘ cr.5~5iL{ fin“ mbdi mm‘ ‘hi \'\f Q“: _J mu-1= no Hum}Carnivalians are‘ extremely colorful people. They skillfully acme 0. u&hv\~Jorganize themselves in bands. Groups of eight to ten, is 4 \c“"“i:'(§ ‘:"\"*_L"_'b~é"*lg; 0.11 "LIconsidered a small group. In the country, bands are large if 4n!<fifl1_i°_l§;a\1::*. qb°‘Kv.fl“*'H""‘$i‘u.\¢they amount to thirty or forty people. In the country, (i.T“<\_.°m__“;6WS\,!\$$§‘ T5 ht. m¢1'I.mD,'competitors are not necessarily rewarded. Most of the peopPl§\ |{21m 1.‘,,“,wI+bmAY T;-Val \+T1 Ac oh Oleave the country and go to Port of Spain, attracted by thg%fiw6mu% fikilflv‘TDu.,(innw_ 449$“; -flakenormous crowds and the large bands who compete for lots of 4nfl‘dum\g11I I _ I w‘\\\ ’Y§\\ .1-¢».AT1'1;:lmoney and trophies. In Port of Spain, it is not unusual for onel§ “W Fumg‘>1|c-u m.((c(}Tt.band, “Poison” or “Renegade’s,” or “The Young Hart” to,consistof eight thousand strong. A band of this size takes almost anhour to get across the viewing stand. It's truly amazing to seethousands of bodies costumed in bright colored garments,withtinsel and large feathers and glamorous headpieces, all dancing,responding body and soul, as one en mass,to the music providedby DJ's on trucks. All the Carnival bands parade across thestage in sections. Bands are judged by their creativity, (designand production of the costume) dancing, (moving together as a42/199Qa L\9\ /)r0\l1Lwi0\.C7i ’ 'T>..\J4=§/ 1 29.é_... -=\ exv\T»1wv.§ \i'/‘ll lug 5<=l>KL_T\¢-1°’0"‘ Ffifin I4-C"7.eu\L “Hi? 5*\_T'7l‘v\Lo(-U.riw -{Ila-$ »<.<1<:t; L. ....-znsmi[F you km/1 I-Gt‘ 6<_,|\-17-)‘-,_T' 1; lu“M1Stii“. u--Jw=L- You will |\av( Missed fix:'{I"v.€l‘<-=‘!“ <1-um OK “Tit -4€4KN(!KfiL.¢ /N (°¢;/M/isgroup of merry makers), and theme (how designers make use ofcolours of the costume).There are several venues in the city, to which masqueraderstravel, they dance all the way from one venue to the other,taking breaks to eat and refresh themselves. These masqueradersdisplay their vigor. I mean their dancing capabilities arephenomenal. Every muscle and bone in their bodies, hands, head,feet, everything gets into motion. You should see it foryourself. Viewing masquerade on a video gives very little or nodetails of the grandeur of Carnival. The naked eye presents afar more picturesque view of Carnival. The camera lens limitsthe totality of the Carnival experience. Trust me!Carnival is colorful. Carnival is the newly composed roadmarches, and Carnival is well designed garments, in a colorfularray of green, crimson, tangerine, yellows, blues, blacks, andpurple. The entire spectrum of rainbow colors is reflected atCarnival time. In the country, some wear homemade masks, somesmall, others larger than life. Carnival is artisans of poetry,music, art design, color coordination, and the creation ofdrama. Technicians creating art. Dancers creating new danceforms. Carnival is a four day sequence of fun and madness. Whatwe call bacchanal, says the seasoned masquerader. Those whocannot afford masks, or maybe prefer not to cover their faces,paint them or splash lots of powder or mix oil and charcoal.43/199We Q_(~k=la/\QE q_q_//77Z’/4/zmvm /N (“E/msStill others cover their faces with a thin transparent veil.These are mostly women or wannabes.Carnival at j’ouvert (dawn), the streets of Port of Spainare filled with wannabes of all shapes and sizes. Some clothethemselves, others well, pretend to be babies and wear a bottlewith a nipple in their mouths, and don the bare necessities.Half naked bands display the colors of the rainbow and muchmore. Carnival is the cathartic moment for Trinis. They.§¢WFf9T3'). . L. 7, _ _.icnfif"-lvt P)\P'L";<;lOl'\§1lR M-\-'-'lIv\M-~1\ <\“’“"‘* Qi 1"-‘j*‘“” QM” "Yexperience a wealth ofAsatisfaction and well being at this timeof year. Trini’s celebrate life. Bishop Tutu, who once visitedTrinidad said, “Trinidad is the Rainbow County.” This isespecially true at Carnival time.The band from Bamboo was fairly large, with music providedby bottle and spoon. They covered their faces with colorfultransparent cloths. They were singing, “all ah we are_Qnefamily. Sam§_father but different_gpinipn.” Chorus— “All_gh_weare one_family.” The chantuelle, the lead voice, chants withlines that rhyme. He chants in patois or in English; the chorusin harmony, responding, dancing and all simultaneously inharmony. I'm telling you the tempo was hot, very hot, hotter*_ ‘ gm» vegthan pepper sa\_1ce_ M"\§TU€wn(\<(’$ v»\'“1\s\\» (twig,.,z\~;\»\c)_ké\le nu’ fires qt. /hsdrvi-<; HJ(v§4[i-(€'L"l lulu ‘Kl VWhen the band came to Bonasse, they exploded. Bonassecaught fire. Any little flame with some Creole tempo is enough44/199‘M \.hne\q(Ma (q_"Hi (XE H~§\//Q7”(‘;+»\/v/n/we //Y CCDMQto cause a baggage‘ at Carnival. The spirit of Carnival willlift up your soul and take you to heights you cannot imagine.A Catholic priest in Cedros, Father Michael Hand, with alittle help from us, learned to play this tempo on his piano.“Beh eh eh! Beh eh eh! There's a preacher in the mang (mangrove)with a candle inje—han givin ramqgat baptism.” It did not matterthat he never understood the message, but we helped him bang outthe tempo of that tune. He was so thrilled when he got it.The bystanders, infected by the chantuelle and the bottleand spoon, were swept away with such hot tempo and soundharmony. The whole of Main Street, the vendors got the message,the band's tempo resonated. They all raised their hands abovetheir heads responding joyfully to the chorus, dancing along'7¢"|Vufl' ‘f\\\.re_ is 1\[T\'4_ In-\i(€\\>|4¢ , A bq.M\ gunk“ ‘fig pqmpfigl my 'F\4\r‘Y‘ and your hm?“ ~':r:md.< 0. mccsqawith the masqueraders?\It was a festive time. It was a sweet J:Q@%jfiL::flA2":::‘*- F“.*,."r'1~;*;:t:.;feeling of bonding with the messengers of joy and revelry. rQEaw§?%rYnm/A$gq.'i ~54I recognized Ashton. He ran up to me when I called out to 9‘-\|;§;1§1h“L"”f41., f =~d=1..j ?"“‘**him, my face in a wide grin, my body catching the heat of thei%‘W>1/2/$7 ‘§“fYfic\1»hours of labour?-K he need for extra income was great. There wasalways a shortage of cash flowfl in the poor community.Every single day children from the neighboring villageswalked to school. Those who came from Fullerton used the beachas a short cut when it was ebb tide. At _full tide, they managedto explore the coconut estate and pioneer tracks to get to theCedros Government School. Likewise, children from Bamboo, comingfrom the opposite direction, followed the main road from BoisBourg to get to Bonasse./‘iv/TC /’l‘i“““““*\ ”“""' fi*;#fi"{ /”""/iv: (YRSDuring sunny days, Ashton, coming from Bamboo, experiencedsome degree of perspiration and dehydration. Covering a distance48/199-flv P45’ /197Zww §. /aqua, 7i\c|F /»u2MB§ Fear/I 1:/awn.Fis/A —FM17l|ai1‘ 54¢/$ are lb '/‘#1/r arm?Sbn5(:- Ff '/he QZL1{dr(ik hm! QIIOYEQ ~fi,P¢(pbQ1€<'J"@- J¢{>¢iF$‘u~"erfinze -fir scllbl)/.7/Tm? /qr;/{H ‘/5 0"? w@F'L-GL1/¢/few ’/E 714;?» 512,200/,'77u- _/‘rm-le[l@J many ‘nu/z§ on fwfafiJIM £»am\+; "/T n ‘me? my align 10'; KPTflu} C[U(JrQ,V 4% 6E/ml) 57' 01:17 mmgtlwgl #5 Y/wf MlijgliM]/;l’rn¢(0\.I(Mm 1kw, A S-Wfl/"134, Fmm D5 SA)’six or seven miles from Cedros (Bonasse). The spring wasdiscovered on private land and the government paid a large sumof money to purchase the rights to conduct tests. Several monthsof chemical tests were required to authenticate the purity ofthe water, before taking the necessary precautionary steps toship the water through miles of pipes to the various villages.History was in the making, when a water line, through a specialdesigned pipeline, was put in place to deliver fresh cooldrinking water, to all the villages in the ward of Cedros.;\\The winding hills and curved main roads createddifficulties from the beginning of the project to the very end.Joints cracked, springing leaks, lawsuits were filed in courtpreventing the access to water lines through private properties.The pipes themselves were cast out of a mixture of course sandand concrete. They cracked quite easily when too much pressurewas rendered to them. There were hills to climb, ravines tocross, swamp lands on the roadside where the tropical forestcollides with civilization, and disgruntled land ownersdissatisfied with the financial agreement reached by thegovernment for the use of their properties.After several trial and error situations, the lines wereengineered to maintain a fixed pressure of water. That reducedthe accidents of disruption of the flow of water supply, throughand £v~<>M-. .o€Ilr ‘§4PPlQ'\t"°‘*‘\l\°“Kthis new quality of pipe line,A@ the ward of Cedros. The” '\‘ ‘ * ‘M aw I mm l1.|~.»l.'1-(L \>c§7 JI_.,, ,__l_~‘\t_56/199QVLYW wk‘ “ él\i\‘\\ q'DC,,‘f c_{\:»‘.§* ‘Jar -\construction of the pipe line took to bcompleted.57/199SPRING WATER COMES TO CEDROSThere were court battles over the destruction of manyancient trees and the destruction of wild life habitats.The coming of the freshwater line to Cedros, althoughbeneficial, was also historical and astronomical in cost to thegovernment. Change seems so paradoxical.Every day the locals would gather in the market place andlime, “Hey Man! Water coming soon you know.” “Way dey have deline now boy?” “I hear dey comin close to Bois Bourg man.” “Yeaman! Dey workin fas you know.” “Boy I so glad we eh have to waiton rain again. We eh have to go to de well for water. WASSA gobring de water to the house man.” “Dem corbeau an dem use tomake water from de roof dotty boy.” Yes, boy! Ah glad we donewit dat.” “We eh have to boil water to drink again.” “Nah! Datfinish boy. We livin in modernial world now man.”Every one wanted to see how that was going to happen. Neverin their lives was drinking water in pipes underground, an ideafor Cedros. But here it is, the dream come true. This is bignews. WASSA go bring water to all of Cedros! “I never taut Iwould ever see dat in me whole life, man. But it cos so muchmoney, boy. A wonder who go pay for DAT?” “Me eh know nah. Butleh we wait and see nah.”Ashton and I were very happy about the coming of water toour villages. There were no headlines in the newspapers, but for58/199lluzwehue]P/wt <33Cedrosians this was big news. We no longer have to go to thewell for water, at five o'clock in the morning before going toschool. We don't have to stand in line, long lines to carrybuckets of water on our heads, taking water home. Ashton waselated by the news. So was I. We were only a stand pipe awayfrom fresh cool drinking water. We could live with that. Whenthe water arrived in Jerningham Street, Johnny King and I werequite happy. We had lots of neighbors living on‘ that street.on‘ p)x,fi_,+hUhWater was -1* a few yards away from our home. ‘S was anT¢rniv@\quIndian woman who also resided on Street, who became >€\'“1Q_m7 4., ...mJ\\@.... figtarget of angryhpgafient spectators, and water Carriers./k{[’he1stand pipes were mainly erected at each street corner, closestto the southern main road. The pipe stand relieved the hardship‘hawk h1vFe¢-‘R0 Q“of taking water from wells which were unsanitary and tediousAtoQ,;%§'=begin with. The stand pipe was the first step to bringing waterto the villages. Later, the next step would be to enable peopleWt,/< qH¢‘I‘ewho We afford their own plumbing, to get running waterinto their homes. _ ___ I 7ff 1:. __?1zA1q¢,>lyz_ w’l\u"E Ilia Jul and P><"JLe>~(e»\J£_<?’%'_”1LIp|'¢><,n=u(1L L-‘F (‘tum WZf?|_ IL‘CW ~\<\;Jl/\\>‘ax\»»<,@A a v|QT’[1 M.-.,,,] P!L72Q{tl'/(T\C>|,\g‘ ,When’ IT was L\cr'tXm\ ‘[3 Li,’LJMQQF, L¥ timfi Qyq Mari-c 4 r;1t,,~,,‘PF ’~'"\{nF\\ Prtpbfifwng H ujnf; Q’°[1ijw<§1>»t<", "IT |cc1< <3’ My “.,\§iH_.TKL L§f':€?" Ll\AH\é. L1»lcw\H§\- 1,? )5"‘5‘;rVlL€> C1 G(—’C4L\ é,L\'\,,;"(_~,',,H;b'\,'"‘.'i *P< Mi new n1*£‘t<;}\-Jf(w'~£11- r " 7 . . _$'1{L"\L “Wk twp) ‘hi ‘hf! Wt59/199Mx a *9A HINDU RITUAL, OR SOMETHING HYGENICThis Hindu woman, before filling her bucket of water,developed a ritual with each trip she made to the stand pipe?;\\Asshe got her turn at the pipe, she placed her bucket and turnedon a little water, then washed the tap pouring water over it.Next she filled a little more water, and washed the entire standpipe. She drew some more water and washed her hands and her faceand her feet. Finally, she filled her bucket. People silentlystared her down in the process of her ritual, but nobody eversaid a word. They just hated her so because of the irony of thesituation. Her clothing was all dirty. She wore the dirtiestclothes, but she made sure of the ritual every time she came todraw water. What a tremendous Hygiene lesson!I460/199M41;[M6 Qt (‘,.v,. /'1‘\, [i(kHUNTING LEATHERThe school bell rings three times a day. In the morning tobegin classes, at noon to dismiss students for lunch, finally,the dismissal at P.M. to end the school day. At lunch break, Iran home quickly to devour anything that's available. Quitefrequently, there was nothing. I beg or buy a piece of ice andmake a glass of lemonade. If I'm lucky, a ripe mango would bewaiting for me under someone’s mango tree. I have to steal itbefore the birds or squirrels get to it first. Sometimes it'sBu?another person. Quite frequently, it's the mango tree at thepolice station that is vandalized. If no mango is found on theground under the tree, it's possible there might be a few‘E m¢k~q1gmLiw$waiting to be picked. A stone handy, along tH€_foad,AfI_with agood aim, I may find my next meal.Ashton, on the other hand, remained at school to consumehis lunch he had brought with him. By the time I returned toschool, cricket practice will have begun. The seniors are theones who generally do the batting and bowling. Juniors simplywatch and learn the nuances of the game. The turns, the spinsthe bowlers put on the deliver of the ball, the strokes, thebatting strokes and foot work displayed by the batsmen,Wc§v&nikJLdefensively or offensively. Juniors, who hung around and chasedthe cricket balls for the seniors, are those who are mainlycu61/199Ii /~1 g<14hflmrmd LE1‘? Twirlinterested in carrying on the wining traditions of the CedrosGovernment School.Ashton was an excellent singer, but was he ever a goodspeedster. Ashton ran as fast as the wind. He ran the lOO yarddash faster than anyone in our class. We belong to the samedhaibmaw L-house‘andAwere on the same running team. He had a pair of shiny < lfifivlegs and small black feet, but he moved fast, boy were they everfast. It seems to me he was always the first one to get to thehunted cricket ball.The expression, “Hunt Leather” derived from the urgency ofretrieving a cricket ball, batted into the bushes and underbrushthat did not go past the boundary. We juniors had to find itquickly. In a real match, finding the ball and returning it to i QQQBSHQIL * /;fi___ ( ; s 7 ‘ifithe wicket keepe€~was mandatorydxlt kept the batsmenEg£iE;fl Mrcwgmnj, ,/ x P\f§scoring too many runs. Those of us who, ‘Hunted Leather,’remained for the love of the game. We really never got rewardedfor the task, but the reward came from our eyes on our favoritebowlers and batsmen. We watched intently to replace the seniorswho were leaving at the end of the school year. In fact, weprolonged the practice by finding and retrieving the huntedballs quickly.Both Ashton and I represented Cedros Government School incricket and Empire Day sports. I became a left hand spin bowler,62/199kiqurl9% Coal /HAM/(A.Ho m-mlri, LEHTHERa very accurate one I might add. I was considered another fastrunner in the one hundred yard dash, and three legged races.Ashton became a good batsman and an excellent fielder. Heplayed all positions quite well, but his favorite fieldpositions were cover point or long on, where most of the ballsfrom the bats were played. He was quite efficient in keepingdown runs scored by the opposing side. His range of fielding thebatted balls prevented many runs from scoring. I believe it wasthe hard work we put in at practicing the game of cricket, andchasing thin foot begass on the sandy beaches of Bamboo andBonasse, which enabled us to excel in the field of this sport,and on other occasions, such as Empire Day sportgplater inlife, patience and practice enabled me to run the IOO yards in9:08 seconds, a record which still stands at St. John'sUniversity. My cricket career included trophies for most wicketstaken in a season and the best bowling average per season. Iloved the game, and with my father’s diligent help, proved to besuccessful at it.Ashton was loved by everyone, even the seniors would callon him to take a chance at bat. They respected his courage andhis patience in hunting leather and sticking to his guns. He wasalways at practice. His courage paid off because he was one ofthe best batsman on our team. At first he was afraid of theball. It was hard and when the ball makes contact with your63/199\ ‘Y g _ /.\ ,g [‘1\_ QCQH\}NT((\lq Len-we/4\shinbone, it stings. As juniors, we preferred to chase balls andreturn them as quickly as possible. It always lengthened I. k ' __ _(WM .14 ‘X ‘Hm iced h<5I<»w»t M Uuv" ‘Hum \~\'\s)<1¥\lnS °\“":"‘§\ |L\(‘.l(U‘fl“::\L:' 2 practice time, which we enjoyed watching,Qand learning hunting ':Hl\'3’:;’;‘\o'W(vleather paid off for us.64/199hk¢:§‘Hue, Q)Ink lk.“R1 (1SINGING IN THE RAIN-1’ /mlOne of the great pleasures‘of school days,that comegto mindis the opportunity to sing a duet with Ashton Romain. When itrained, the heavy pitter patter of rain drops,on the galvanizedroof top,made it impossible for academic achievements to occur.The noise of heavy winds and rain created a sensation thatcanceled any attempt at competing with it. Instead of working5 1‘|=-T I mm». ursuu}. QQOAv.w\1,g iwqw r5\‘1k~. ekmscrmw. $~\<\' (=11-A-Q-\\1 _ V _a _ _ “Qsub]ects,Athe senior and junior departments woul come togetherand sing. This was one heck of a happy time. Perhaps singing wasa family trait; or maybe it brought me great pleasure,especially when I sang with Ashton. I glowed with theanticipated joy of doing a duet with my good friend andschoolmate, Ashton. Today, I still remember the songs we sangtogether.This art form helped to make school days a very pleasantadventure. We juniors would get to see our heroes and heroines,the senior boys and girls, those who were nearing the end oftheir education at the Cedros Government School. It was anmdusopportunity to see thembhuddled together in a challenging momentwith voices and song; competing with the harsh voice of nature* UMTIM r»vF‘l1;;,;p}T\v.r phmr drivk- \J\1 Q?“-1 W\§\¢\=up above.AThat was a welcomed opportunity. At the roar of thethunder and the crackling flashes of lightning, we madepreparations to counter the concert above us with our voices andthe excitement of anticipated fun time. The portable blinds65/1999% (p5 A-:\Aw/(0.?* 1I$11/1c§1ng {wt did; ~Qd|%which separated us would be lifted and placed against the wall.It was a one room school house; in fact, all the country schoolswere built in that fashion. There were no window screens. Thewooden building contained several wooden windows which were heldopen by wooden sticks, designed to keep the windows propped opento bring in sunlight and fresh air, and keep out heavy rainfalland strong winds. wjkfz meg mcrflwr whdrms §w pddfi/Q4wFL$lH‘HY+VW§During the rainfall, windows would be latched tightly. Theentire dark atmosphere with the rhythm of rain above created acozy fantasy affair: Wind and rain, lightning and heavy thunder,semi dark school house, with impish juniors in a tizzy. As thewhole world is wetted, idle hands get busy, barred by shadowydarkness ..m m m m.The principal, Mr. Albert Mark, lists the songs on theblackboard. The seniors are given the note from his pitch pipe,which he retrieves from his jacket pocket. The rest of theschool takes its cue from the voices of the seniors, and we areoff; launched into a musical fest. That baton in Mr. Mark's handserves multi purposes. In moments of serious academicdifferences, when a few hides are to be tanned, the baton isapplied. Scholastic achievements flourished as the rod ofcorrection maintained its support, as did sports and the artforms.66/199fihg ,,,{q,[:r L_L‘K‘C; l1 cod l»w:\»»@\. /\,‘a Luv.“51""!-Y" '1‘ "H-mark‘ an ' § ;/r‘M.$ Tum r§wn<. if Kw ~ ~ / J /"f" W’ a’:_ had. 11'.‘ dug,-U4 g 4:1‘ (_‘ ,\¢,\:} gmq M QM, L. 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His behavior wasconsistent with his personality. He preferred to be lost in thecrowd of fourth stagers. He was always very hesitant to expresshis opinions quite openly. He and I played together; he wasfocused on finding himself, not at the center of the action,just off center, letting the other boys take the lead. He was iwflfbfliékhimself in the role of follower. 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