Beg. of Year Pre Test [444008]StudentClassDate

1. Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?

A. salt and water

B. wind and tides

C. heat and moisture

D. waves and flooding

2. A student uses this tool to make a measurement about rainfall during a storm.

Which additional tool does the student need to make a measurement of the rate of rainfall?

A. a thermometer

B. a wind vane

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C. a barometer

D. a digital timer

3. A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32ºC. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?

A. cool, rainy fall weather

B. cold, snowy winter weather

C. hot, sunny summer weather

D. spring weather with flowers blooming

4. Juan noticed that sunny skies suddenly became stormy. Which most likely happened when the weather changed in this way?

A. Winds weakened.

B. Humidity decreased.

C. Air pressure dropped.

D. Temperatures increased.

5. In the United States, lightning occurs most often in Florida. Which of these is a cause of lightning?

A. discharge between rain clouds and Earth

B. rapidly expanding air caused by intense heat

C. solar particles interacting with the atmosphere

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D. low slanting rays of the Sun refracted by ice crystals

6. Which graph best illustrates the relationship of altitude and temperature in the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth?

A.

B.

C.

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D.

7. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the greatest amount of water vapor?

A. thermosphere

B. mesosphere

C. stratosphere

D. troposphere

8. The average rainfall in Nevada is about 7 inches per year. The most likely reason for the low amount of rainfall is the

A. high elevations of deserts.

B. location north of the equator.

C. lack of moisture in the air.

D. great distance from the ocean.

9. Hurricanes form over water and lose wind speed when they move over land. What does this pattern best illustrate?

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A. More solar radiation strikes oceans than land.

B. Heat from inside Earth warms oceans more than land.

C. Oceans transfer more energy to the atmosphere than land does.

D. Oceans transfer both heat and chemical energy to the atmosphere.

10. Which type of cloud is most likely in the sky when there is a thunderstorm?

A.

B.

C.

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D.

11. The picture shows four types of clouds.

At which location is rainfall most likely to occur?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

12. Use the table below to answer the question.

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Studies of Venus indicate what can happen if the atmosphere of a planet contains a high percentage of carbon dioxide. The development of photosynthetic life removed much of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere of Earth. This process released oxygen, which then bonded with iron on the surface to form redbeds. Compared to current conditions, what can be inferred about what Earth was like before the formation of the redbeds?

A. Earth was warmer.

B. Earth was cooler.

C. Earth was more dense.

D. Earth was less dense.

13. A high-speed wind, called a jet stream, is moving from the west to the east across the United States. Which characteristic of this jet stream is most important in predicting weather patterns?

A. The jet stream controls the speed of surface wind.

B. The jet stream controls the direction of surface wind.

C. The jet stream separates moist northern air from dry southern air.

D. The jet stream separates cold northern air from warm southern air.

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14. Which trait is common in gases that contribute to Earth’s greenhouse effect?

A. the ability to trap heat

B. a tendency to lose electrons

C. a tendency to exist as diatomic molecules

D. the ability to bond with multiple other elements

15. Which important feature of the water cycle is missing from this figure?

A. the moon

B. the Sun

C. the rainbow

D. the people

16. An atmospheric layer of a specific gas provides shielding from harmful ultraviolet light from the Sun, allowing life to thrive on Earth. What gas makes up this layer?

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A.

B.

C.

D.

17. The table below shows different situations involving a box.

Situation

1 A box is lifted 6 meters in the air by a forklift.

2 A box is lifted 3 meters off the ground by a person.

3 A box is lifted 10 meters in the air by a crane.

4 A box is left on the ground by a student.

Which of the following shows the situations organized from least to greatest amount of work done on the box?

A. 4, 2, 1, 3

B. 1, 4, 3, 2

C. 4, 1, 2, 3

D. 1, 2, 3, 4

18. Refer to the electric circuit to answer the question that follows.

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Light bulb 2 burned out in this circuit. If voltage remains constant, what happens to the remaining light bulbs?

A. They burn out.

B. They get brighter.

C. They get dimmer.

D. They remain the same.

19. Which of the diagrams shows the correct way to set up a circuit that will light the bulb?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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20. Biodiesel is an alternative to gasoline that is produced from fats or oils such as soybean oil or restaurant grease. Although it is better for the environment than gasoline, it has lower fuel efficiency. What most likely causes the biodiesel to be less efficient than gasoline?

A. Biodiesel has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.

B. Biodiesel has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.

C. Gasoline has lower potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.

D. Gasoline has higher potential energy therefore releases less kinetic energy.

21. The box labeled X rests on a lever. A force, represented by the arrow, is needed to lift the box.

What is another name for the box?

A. effort arm

B. resistance arm

C. effort force

D. resistance force

22. In order for electricity from a battery to power a light bulb, the wire has to provide the electricity a path to do what?

A. flow through the entire closed circuit

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B. charge the air molecules near the circuit

C. jump from one battery terminal to the other

D. change the chemical properties of the wire

23. Which energy conversion happens when a person shivers and the energy is transferred to make the muscles and joints move?

A. kinetic energy to potential energy

B. heat energy to kinetic energy

C. potential energy to chemical energy

D. chemical energy to mechanical energy

24. A student applied a force of 200 N to push a box 15 m down the sidewalk. Given the formula, W = F × d, how much work has been done?

A. 30 J

B. 300 J

C. 3000 J

D. 30,000 J

25. Which of the following is used as a wedge?

A. a baseball bat

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B. a bicycle pedal

C. a faucet handle

D. a sewing needle

26. Students performing a lab on simple machines recorded the related facts shown below.

1. Simple machines are often used to reduce the amount of force.2. The work output from a simple machine is always less than the work input to the simple machine.3. Work is a means of transferring energy.4. Energy is always conserved.

Based on this information, which statement is a valid conclusion?

A. Simple machines are used to convert work into other forms of useful energy.

B. Simple machines can be used to reduce the amount of work required to lift an object.

C. Simple machines destroy energy equal to the difference between work input and work output.

D. Simple machines have friction that transforms part of the input work into other forms of energy.

27. To determine the boiling point of a salt water solution, a student heats 20 milliliters of the solution in a test tube. She records the temperature each minute for 30 minutes.

 Time (min) Temperature

1

2

3

4

5

6

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7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

In the lab report, how should the student identify time?

A. as the control in the experiment

B. as the constant in the experiment

C. as the dependent variable in the experiment

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D. as the independent variable in the experiment

28. Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are

A. unicellular.

B. multicellular.

C. genetically varied.

D. genetically identical.

29. A child’s sex is determined by the sex chromosomes of which person?

A. grandfather

B. grandmother

C. mother

D. father

30. When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring

A. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.

B. will be better able to adapt to the environment.

C. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.

D. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.

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31. The Punnett square shows the cross between cabbage butterflies. B = white and b = yellow.

Why are all the offspring white?

A. Both parent butterflies were dominant for white color.

B. Only one parent butterfly carried recessive yellow traits.

C. Only one parent carried dominant and recessive color genes.

D. Both parent butterflies carried recessive genes for yellow color.

32. A parent cell includes the alleles B and b for a trait. When the cell divides, each daughter cell inherits one allele.

What does this process indicate about the organism from which the parent cell originated?

A. it is a female

B. it is unicellular

C. it reproduces sexually

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D. it is genetically diverse

33. In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the

A. genetic diversity is greater.

B. offspring would be genetically identical.

C. recessive traits would emerge.

D. negative traits are suppressed.

34. A bacterium can reproduce quickly by splitting into two cells. Which of these best describes the genetic make-up of the resulting two cells?

A. They have the same amount of genetic material and are identical.

B. They have the same amount of genetic material but are not identical.

C. They have half the amount of genetic material, which grows in size.

D. They have half the amount of genetic material, but then it duplicates itself.

35. Which statement describes a characteristic of both sexual and asexual reproduction?

A. The processes require egg cells.

B. New cells are produced.

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C. Two parents are required.

D. The processes produce genetically unique offspring.

36. A diagram of a homologous pair of rabbit chromosomes is shown. Homologous pairs of chromosomes code for the same traits and look alike.

In which cell is there is an absence of homologous chromosomes?

A. bone

B. gamete

C. liver

D. skin

37. Vertebrate animals produce offspring by sexual reproduction. Which is an advantage of this type of reproduction?

A. Time and energy is used to find a mate in the population.

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B. There is increased genetic diversity within the population.

C. The offspring grows faster than one that is produced asexually.

D. The offspring receives its DNA from one parent and is identical to that parent.

38. A breeder of guinea pigs crosses a male guinea pig that has black fur with a female guinea pig that has white fur. The Punnett square demonstrates the cross which results in offspring that all have black fur.

Part AUsing the Punnett square, identify the term that best describes the genotype of the offspring.

Part BExplain why all of the offspring were born with black fur.

39. The graph shows the motion of a student walking at different speeds.

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During which time interval does the student walk with a negative acceleration?

A. 0–2 seconds

B. 2–4 seconds

C. 4–8 seconds

D. 8–12 seconds

40. The arrows indicate the direction a 40-mile-per-hour wind is blowing. Which shows the wind direction that would slow a moving car the most?

A.

B.

C.

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D.

41. The graph shows the motion of four cars. All four cars are moving east.

Which car has a constant velocity?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

42. Angela blows air into a balloon and holds the end of it closed with her fingers. When she lets go of the end of the balloon, Angela observes that the release of the air propels the balloon.

The propelling of the balloon from the release of the air is an example of which of Newton’s laws?

A. For every action, there is an equal and opposite

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reaction.

B. A force of attraction exists between any two objects with mass.

C. The force of an object is the product of its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

D. An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it.

43. Two swimmers competed in a race. The graph shows how the position of both swimmers changed over time during the race.

At what rate of speed did Swimmer 1 travel throughout the race?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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44. In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?

A. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track

B. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road

C. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley

D. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley

45. The human body is made up of organ systems that work together as one unit. Which systems work together to prepare and distribute food for cells?

A. digestive and circulatory

B. digestive and endocrine

C. nervous and respiratory

D. nervous and excretory

46. Which of the following accurately depicts the route bile follows in the digestive system?

A. liver → gallbladder → small intestine

B. gallbladder → liver → small intestine

C. liver → small intestine → gallbladder

D. gallbladder → small intestine → liver

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47. The human liver performs various functions to regulate blood glucose concentrations. During glycogenesis, the liver converts excess glucose in the blood into glycogen for storage. During glycogenolysis, the liver converts stored glycogen to glucose for release into the blood when glucose levels decline. Which graph most likely shows the regulation of blood glucose concentrations by these two processes?

A.

B.

C.

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D.

48. What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?

A. reproductive system

B. excretory system

C. endocrine system

D. circulatory system

49. On a class field trip, Zach took a walk through the woods using his senses. Zach made observations on the different sights, smells, and sounds in the woods. What system transferred the observations from his senses to his brain?

A. nervous system

B. digestive system

C. circulatory system

D. respiratory system

50. The human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. Which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?

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A. mitochondrion

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. lysosome

D. Golgi complex

51. The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is

A. unicellular.

B. multicellular.

C. part of a bacterial colony.

D. able to function independently.

52. What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?

A. nervous

B. digestive

C. lymphatic

D. integumentary

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53. Use the diagram of the eye to answer the question that follows.

In the diagram of the eye, which part sends visual messages to the brain?

A. part 1

B. part 2

C. part 3

D. part 4

54. Food is digested to the molecular level, absorbed, and then carried to the cells. The dissolved waste molecules produced by the cells are removed primarily from the blood by the

A. skin.

B. lungs.

C. kidneys.

D. large intestine.

55. While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to

A. regulate body temperature.

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B. sense small changes in the heart rate.

C. transport nutrients to muscles.

D. maintain oxygen levels in the blood.

56. Which of these is the basic building block of complex organisms?

A. a cell

B. a tissue

C. an organ

D. an organ system

57. Which of these is the best example of an interaction between the digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems?

A. Low levels of insulin stimulate hormone increases and decrease nutrient absorption.

B. Digested food provides building blocks for making insulin and pepsin for cell insulation.

C. Amino acids absorbed into the circulatory system produce hormones and increase gamete production.

D. Hormones in the circulatory system cause a thickening of the stomach wall and increase nutrient absorption.

58. Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?

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A. excretory

B. circulatory

C. respiratory

D. reproductive

59. From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?

A. organ system, organ, cell, tissue

B. organ, tissue, cell, organ system

C. tissue, cell, organ system, organ

D. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

60. A student is given the following list.

1.

 protein

2.

 RNA

3.

 mitochondrion

4.

 ribosome

The presence of which structure allows the student to conclude that the unit is a eukaryotic cell?

A. Structure 1

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B. Structure 2

C. Structure 3

D. Structure 4

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