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Name: __________________________________________________________________ Hour: ____________

Biology Unit 5 ReviewREMEMBER:

This packet is REQUIRED homework. This packet is DUE by the end of the hour Wednesday February 29,

2012!! Your test is Friday March 2, 2012!! This is the 1st test and = 50% of your grade! YOU NEED TO FOCUS &

PREPARE! Ask questions!!

THINGS WE OFTEN CONFUSE…Does dominant mean you always write 2 big letters? ExplainWhat do you write when it asks for the genotype?

What do you write when it asks for the phenotype?

What are the sex chromosomes for a female?What are the sex chromosomes for a male?

Almost all sex-linked traits will be written on WHICH sex chromosome…Do incomplete traits show a blending or both?

Do codominant traits show a blending or both?

In a pedigree a circle represents…

In a pedigree a square represents…

In a pedigree a filled in shape represens…

In a pedigree a blank/empty shape represents…

In a pedigree a ½ filled in shape represents…

Vocabulary Term Definition(1)Mendel

(2)DNA(3)Gene(4)Allele(5) Dominant Trait(6)Recessive Trait(7)Genotype(8)Phenotype(9)Homozygous(10)Heterozygous(11) Punnett Square(12)Offspring(13)P Generation(14)F1 Generation(15)F2 Generation(16)Letter Combination for Homozygous Dominant(17)Letter Combination for Homozygous Recessive(18)Letter Combination for Heterozygous(19)Non-Mendelian Traits

Vocabulary Term Definition

(20)Incomplete Dominant Trait(21)Codominant Trait

(22)Sex-Linked Trait(23)Polygenic Trait

(24)Multiple Allele Trait

(25)Pedigree

(26)Phenylketonuria

(27)Sickle Cell Anemia

(28)Hemophilia

(29)Cystic Fibrosis

(30)Allele Testing

(31)GMO Food

(32)Gene Therapy

Basic Punnett Square Practice33. A TT (tall) plant is crossed with a tt (short plant).

A) Complete a Punnett Square:

B) What percentage of the offspring will be tall? ___________

34. A Tt plant is crossed with a Tt plant.


B) What percentage of the offspring will be short? ______

35. A heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with ahomozygous round seeded plant (RR).


B) What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous (RR)? ____________

36. A homozygous round seeded plant is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled seeded plant.

A) What are the genotypes of the parents? __________ x __________

B) Complete a Punnett Square:

C) What percentage of the offspring will also be homozygous? ______________

37. In pea plants purple flowers are dominant to white flowers.

A) If two white flowered plants are cross, what percentage of their offspring will be white flowered? ______________


38. A white flowered plant is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for the trait.


B) What percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers? _____________

39. Two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color are crossed.


B) What percentage of their offspring will have purple flowers? ______________

C) What percentage will have white flowers? ___________

40. In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair is dominant.


B) What genotype would a heterozygous short haired guinea pig have? _______

C) What genotype would a purebreeding short haired guinea pig have? _______D) What genotype would a long haired guinea pig have? ________

41. Show the cross for a pure breeding short haired guinea pig and a long haired guinea pig.


B) What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? __________

42. Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea pigs.


B) What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? ________

C) What percentage of the offspring will have long hair? _______

43. Two short haired guinea pigs are mated several times. Out of 100 offspring, 25 of them have long hair.

A) What are the probablegenotypes of the parents? ________ x ___________

B) Show the cross to prove it!

44. In humans, acondroplasia “dwarfism” (D) is dominant over normal (d). A homozygous dominant (DD) person dies before the age of one. A heterozygous (Dd) person is dwarfed. A homozygous recessive individual is normal. A heterozygous dwarf man marries a dwarf heterozygous woman……..


B) What is the probability of having a normal child? _________

C) What is the probability that the next child will also be normal? __________

D) What is the probability of having a child that is a dwarf? __________

E) What is the probability of having a child that dies at one from this disorder? __________

45. In humans, free earlobes (F) is dominant over attached earlobes (f).

A) If one parent is homozygous dominant for free earlobes, while the other has attached earlobes can they produce any children with attached earlobes?


46. In humans widow’s peak (W) is dominant over straight hairline (w). A heterozygous man for this trait marries a woman who is also heterozygous.


47. In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant and green seeds (y) are recessive. A pea plant withyellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. The resulting offspring have aboutequal numbers of yellow and green seeded plants.

A) What are the genotypes of the parents?

B) Complete a Punnett Square to prove the resulting offspring:

48. In another cross, a yellow seeded plant was crossed with another yellow seeded plant and itproduced offspring of which about 25% were green seeded plants.

A) What are the genotypes of both parents?

B) Complete a Punnett Square to prove the resulting offspring:

49. You found a wild, black mouse. Explain how you would determine the genotype of this mouse.*Hint in mice, white fur is recessive.

A) Complete a Punnett Square to show how you would prove its genotype:

B) You have 24 offspring, 23 with black fur and 1 with white fur.

What are the genotypes of the parent mice? ______________________ x ____________________

Do a Punnett Square to prove the results:

50. OOmpas generally have gray faces, which is caused by a dominant gene. The recessive condition results in an orange face. Develop a "key" to show the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the OOmpah's face colors.

Gray Genotypes = ____________________________ ; Orange Genotype = ___________________________

51. Two heterozygous OOmpahs are crossed.


B) What are the chances of the offspring having orange faces? ________

52. A gray faced OOmpah (homozygous) is married to an orange faced Oompah.


B) What are the chances of the offspring having gray faces? ____________

C) What are the chances of the offspring having orange faces? ___________

53. Otis Oompah has an orange face is is married to Ona OOmpah who has a gray face. They have 60 Oompah children, 30 of those children have orange faces.

A) What are the genotypes of the parents? ___________________________________________


54. Odie Oompah has a gray face, in fact everyone in Odie’s family has a gray face, and the family likes to brag that they are a “pure” line. Much to his family’s horror, he married Ondi Oomah, who *gasp* has an orange face.

A) What are the genotypes of the parents? ___________________________________________


Incomplete Dominance Practice55. OOmpahs can have red, blue, or purple hair. The allele that controls this trait is INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT, where purple hair is caused by the heterozygous condition.

Red Hair Genotype = ____________ Blue Hair Genotype = ____________

Purple Hair Genotype = _____________

56. Orville Oompah has purple hair and is married to Opal Oompah who brags that she has the bluest blue hair in the valley.

A) Parent’s Genotypes = ______________________________________________


C) What are the chances of their children having red hair? ______________

…blue hair? _________________

…purple hair? _________________

57. One of Opal's children is born with shocking red hair.

A) Could Orville be the father? Explain why or why not…

B) But wait, Opal swears that she has been faithful, she claims the hospital goofed and got her baby mixed with someone else's. Is Opal the mother of the red haired child? Explain why or why not….

58. Olga Oompah has red hair and marries Oliver Oompah who has blue hair. They have 32 children.

A) Parent’s Genotypes = ______________________________



…blue hair? _________________

…purple hair? _________________

59. Olivia Oompah is married to Odo Oompah. Both of them have purple hair. They have 100 children.

A) Parent’s Genotypes = ______________________________



…blue hair? _________________

…purple hair? _________________

60. A blue-skinned alien rom one quadrant of the universe and a yellow-skinned alien from another quadrant of the universe have 4 beautiful alien babies in an intergalactic example of incomplete dominance. Miraculously, the babies all have green skin (a blending of yellow and blue). If blue skin is caused by BB and yellow skin is caused by YY, show how the alien miracle babies were produced!

61. In mountain mice, the genes for length of tail exhibit incomplete dominance. Use a Punnett Square to predict the result of a cross between a homozygous long-tailed and a homozygous short-tailed mountain boomer. What do the offspring look like?

Codominant Practice62. In Smileys, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. Write the genotypes for the pictured phenotypes

63. Show the cross between a star-eyed and a circle eyed.

A) Parent’s Genotypes = ___________________________


C) What are the chances of offspring having circular eyes? ______________

…star eyes? _____________

…circular eyes with stars? _____________

64. In humans straight hair (ss) and curly hair (cc) are codominant traits, that result in hybrids who

have wavy hair (sc). Cross a curly hair female with a wavy haired male.

A) Parent’s Genotypes = __________________________________


C) What are the chances of their kids having curly hair? ___________ wavy hair? _________

65. A cross between a black cat and a tan cat produces a tabby pattern (black and tan fur together).

A) What is the probability of having tan kittens if a tabby cat and a black cat cross?

B) What is the probability of having black kittens if a tabby cat and a black cat cross?

C) What is the probability of having a tabby kitten if a black and tan cat cross?

66. In shorthorn cattle hair color is decided by a pair of codominant traits. R is the allele for red hair color and W is the allele for white hair color. A cow with a heterozygous genotype is roan in color, meaning its coat contains both white and red hairs.

A) What is the probability of a pair of roan cattle producing….

…. Red cows = ___________

…. Roan cows = __________

…. White cows = __________

B) Which would be easier to create, a heard of all red cattle or a herd of all roan cattle? Explain AND show with a Punnett Square!

Sex-Linked Practice67. Which sex is more likely to have a recessive, x-linked trait? Male or Female

68. Which parent do sons inherit recessive, sex-linked traits from? Mother or Father

69. Which type of sex chromosome do you find most sex-linked traits on? X or Y

70. Colorblindness is a recessive, x-linked disorder in humans. A colorblind man has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder.

A) What is the genotype of the man? ______

B) What is the genotype of the woman? ______

C) Complete a Punnett Square:.

D) What is the chance that the child will be colorblind? _____

E) What is the chance that a daughter will be colorblind? _____

F) What is the chance that a son will be colorblind? _____

71. In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. Eye color is a x-linked trait. A red eyed male mates with a white-eyed female.




D) What is the chance that there will be an offspring with white eyes? _______

72. Hemophilia is a disease caused by a gene found on the X chromosome. Therefore, it is referred to as a sex-linked disease. The recessive allele causes the disease. A man with hemophilia marries a woman that is homozygous dominant for the trait.




D) Will any of their offspring have the disease?

73. A woman who is heterozygous (a carrier) for hemophilia marries a normal man:A) What is the genotype of the man? ______



D) What is the probability that a male offspring will have hemophilia? __________

E) What is the probability of having a hemophiliac female offspring? _________

74. Baldness is a x-linked trait. What parental genotypes could produce a bald woman? *use H =normal hair, and h = bald




D) What is the probability that a male offspring will be bald? __________

E) What is the probability of having a balding female? _________ balding male? ____________

Pedigree Practice75. In genetics, traits can be traced over several generations similar to a family tree. This family tree is called a Pedigree chart. Pedigree charts are useful in gathering background genetic information that can be used for medical reasons. Horse race enthusiasts also rely heavily on pedigree charts to predict a horse’s success. When interpreting pedigree charts remember square are male and circles are females

Use the below pedigree chart to answer the following three questions. Muscle type is not a sexlinked characteristic.

a. Place the genotypes of each individual below its symbol.

b. What is the genotype of individual #3 and 4?.How do you know that??...

c. Can either individual #8 or 9 be homozygous? Explain why or why not….

d. Explain the family relationship that #12 has with #2.

76. Label the genotype for each of the individuals below its symbol on the pedigree chart (note: eyecolor is not a sex-linked trait).

77. List the possible genotypes of the following hemophilia pedigree chart below. Rememberhemophilia is a sex linked trait that is caused by a recessive allele, therefore you must denotethe individuals sex chromosomes (XNXn and XnY or Nn and nY) as well as the hemophilia allele(n).

78. Examine the following pedigree chart of color-blindness. In humans, color blindness is causedby a recessive sex-linked allele. On the diagram, label the genotypes of the individuals 1-16.

79. A blue-eyed man (1) whose parents were brown eyed (2 & 3), marries a brown eyed woman (4), whose father was brown eyed (5) and whose mother (6) was blue eyed. They have one female child who is blue eyed (7). Blue eyes are recessive.a. Make a pedigree chart based on the above information.

b. Label the genotypes of the individuals in the chart.

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