NAIXEMENT I EVOLUCIÓ DEL MITJÀ DIGITAL

3.1 -Els pioners del mitjà digital i la tecnología digital

3.1.1 - Charles Babbage (1791-1871). La màquina diferencial i la màquina analítica.

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LLIBRES:

Charles Babbage, Pioneer of the Computer (1982), Princeton/Oxford University Press, by Anthony Hyman, també a Babbage pages es pot accedir a un escrit molt interessant a Papers on Babbage

Science and Reform, Selected works of Charles Babbage, (1989), with commentary and notes, Cambridge University Press, by Anthony Hyman, (in print); complements Pioneer of the Computer, treating in detail aspects of Babbages work which were treated more cursorarily in the latter, and vice versa. Together they give a clear and coherent introduction to Babbage`s life and work.

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 4 (Mechanizing the Production of Mathematical Tables): 4.1 Charles Babbage, A Letter to Sir Humphrey Davy, Bart… on the Application of Machinery to the Purpose of Calculating and Printing Mathematical Tables (London: J. Booth; Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1822) pg 125-133, I dins capitol 6 (Origins of the Heneral Purpose Programmable Computer – Babbage’s Analytical Engine): 6.2 Charles Babbage, Of the Analyticial Engine. From Passages from the life of a Philosopher( London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, 1864), ch.8. pg 281-295

Portraits in silicon, Robert Slater, MIT Press, 1989. Primer capitol: The Conceptualizers. 1: Charles Babbage. Grandfather of the Computer Pioners.

Froehlich, Leopold. "Babbage observed", Datamation, march 1985 (Número especial).

Halacy, Dan. Charles Babbage, Father of the Computer, Macmillan, New York, 1970.

Swade, Doron. Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines, Science Museum, London, 1991

Moseley, Maboth. Irascible Genius : A Life of Charles Babbage, Inventor. Hutchinson, 1964.

Wilkes, Maurice V. "Charles Babbage ¾ The Great Uncle of Computing", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 35, No. 3, March 1992, pp. 15-21.

Lee, J. A. N. Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Science Press, 1995.

ESCRITS DE BABBAGE CONSULTABLES A GOOGLE BOOKS:

On the economy of machinery and manufactures, 1835

Passages from the life of a philosopher, 1864

Reflections on the decline of science in England, and on some of its causes, 1830

The exposition of 1851: or, Views of the industry, the science and the government, of England, 1851

WEB:

THE BABBAGE PAGES HOME http://people.exeter.ac.uk/rburnley/babbage/ - es pot accedir a la llista de les seves publicacions enllaçant amb Publications by Babbage

RESULTATS CRONOLÒGICS DE CHARLES BABBAGE

http://www.google.es/search?q=Charles+Babbage&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=e_WTS-CvEITP4gbYiuCjDQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=17&ved=0CEcQ5wIwEA&cts=1267987900167

INFOAMERICA http://www.infoamerica.org/teoria/babbage1.htmç

VIDEO DIDÀCTICA VIDEOTECA INFOAMERICA http://www.infoamerica.org/videoteca/videoteca/babbage04.htm

BABBAGE Y SU DIFFERENCE ENGINE (DIGITALISMO) http://digitalistas.blogspot.com/2005/07/sobre-charles-babbage-y-su-difference.html

QUANTUM NETWORKS http://www.quantum-networks.com/articulos/charles-babbage--el-padre-de-la-computacion-moderna.html

RET - Red Educativa Tecnológica Venado Tuerto http://www.ret-edu.com.ar/serviciospublicos/babbage.htm

3.1.2 - Herman Hollerith (1860-1929). IBM i la Tabulating Machine Company.

PUBLICACIONS:

Hollerith, Herman, "An Electric Tabulating System", The Quarterly, Columbia University School of Mines, Vol.X No.16 (Apr 1889), pp.238-255.

Hollerith, Herman, In connection with the electric tabulation system which has been adopted by U.S. government for the work of the census bureau. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University School of Mines (1890).

Hollerith, Herman, "The Electric Tabulating Machine", Journal of the Royal Statistical Association, Vol.57 Part 4 (Dec 1894), pp.678-682.

LLIBRES:

HERMAN HOLLERITH -- Forgotten Giant of Information Processing Author: Geoffrey Austrian Publisher: Columbia University Press NY 1982

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 4 (Mechanizing the Production of Mathematical Tables): 4.3 Herman Hollerith, An Electric Tabulating System. From The Quarterly, Columbia University School of Mines, Vol. X, no.16 (Apr.1889): 238-55 pg 141-151

Lee, J. A. N. Computer Pioneers, IEEE Computer Science Press, 1995.

WEB:

DANIEL CLEMENTE http://www.danielclemente.com/apuntes/asai/hh.html - taula de continguts molt complete sobre la vida I els invents de Hollerith

ABOUT.COM SOBRE INGENIERS http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/hollerith/index.htm -

ENCICLOPÈDIA BRITÀNICA http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269383/Herman-Hollerith -

RESULTATS CRONOLÒGICS DE HERMAN HOLLERITH

http://www.google.es/search?q=Herman+Hollerith&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=KC-

VS6SJNsyz4ga1ne2iDQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=18&ved=0CEsQ5wIwEQ&cts=1268068857040

3.1.3 - Alan Turing (1912-1954). L’ autòmat cel.lular i el Test de Turing.

PUBLICACIONS:

Estudio: “Los números computables, con una aplicación al Entscheidungsproblem”(Alan Turing, 1936)

Artículo: "Máquinas de computación e inteligencia" (Alan Turing, 1950)

Collected works of A. M. Turing Escrito por Alan Mathison Turing,Darrel Ince,J. L. Britton,P. T. Saunders, 1992

LLIBRES:

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 7 (The Theory of the Universal Machine): 7.1 Alan M. Turing. On Computable Numbres. Extract from “On Computable Numbres, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem”, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 2nd series, 42 (1936): 231-35, 241-44 pg 301-307, i dins capitol 11 (Computing and Intelligence): 11.2 Alan M. Turing. Computer Machinery and Intelligence. From Mind 59 (1950): 433-460 pg 663-681

Alan Turing: life and legacy of a great thinker, Christof Teuscher, Springer-Verlag, 2004Essential Turing: The ideas that gave borth to the computer age, Alan Mathison Turing,B. Editor: Jack Copeland, Oxford University Press, 2004

David Leavitt, The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer (Great Discoveries), W. W. Norton & Co., 2005

Portraits in silicon, Robert Slater, MIT Press, 1989. Primer capitol: The Conceptualizers. 2: Alan Turing. Can a Machine Be Made to Think?

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, pg 8-10

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group

WEB:

LA COL.LECCIÓ DIGITAL EXISTENT MÉS GRAN DE DOCUMENTS SOBRE TURING http://www.alanturing.net/ -

THE ALAN TURING HOME PAGE http://www.turing.org.uk/

http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/ -

Andrew Hodges,author of Alan Turing: the Enigma., 1983

INFORMACIÓ A L’ESTIL DIRECTORI I MOLTS ENLLAÇOS PER A APROFUNDIR http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609739/Alan-M-Turing -

STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/ -

DIRECTORI – MOSTRA ARTICLES I PAPERS NO `PUBLICATS DE TURING http://www.turingarchive.org/ -

RESULTATS CRONOLÒGICS DE HERMAN HOLLERITH

http://www.google.es/search?q=Alan+Turing&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=1jiVS7jDM8Hl4gbpmKicDQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=20&ved=0CFcQ5wIwEw&cts=1268070965694

3.1.4 - Norbert Wiener (1894-1964). L’ automatització, cibernética i retroalimentació.

PUBLICACIONS:

Cibernética o el control y comunicación en animales y máquinas “Cybernetics: or, Control and Communication in the Animal and in the Machine” (Norbert Wiener, 1948, MIT Press 1965)

“Cibernética y sociedad” (The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society) ( Norbert Wiener,1950)

Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth (1953) (autobiografía)

I am a Mathematician. The Later Life of an Ex-Prodigy (1956) (autobiografía)

Dios y Golem S.A. Comentarios sobre ciertos puntos en que chocan cibernética y religión (God & Golem, Inc. A Comment on Certain Points Where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion) (1964)

Article Norbert Wiener: Promesas Digitales ¿????

LLIBRES:

The Legacy of Norbert Wiener: A Centennial Symposium - David Jerison, I. M. Singer, and Daniel W. Stroock, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997

Norbert Wiener, 1894-1964, Pesi Rustom Masani, Birkhäuser, col.lecció Vita Mathematica

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 7 (The Theory of the Universal Machine): 7.3 Norbert Wiener, Letter Covering the Memorandum on the Scope, etc., of a Suggested Computing Machine (Septembre 21, 1940) & Memorandum on the Mechanical Solution of Partial Diffrential Equations. From Norbert Wiener, Collected Works with Commentaries, ed. P. Masani (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967-85), vol.IIB, pp 122-34. Pg 309-319

HAYLES, N. K. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, The University of Chicago Press. Veure capitol 4: Liberal Subjectivity Imperiled: Norbert Wiener and Cybernetic Anxiety (pg 84-113)

WEB:

INFOAMERICA http://www.infoamerica.org/teoria/wiener1.htm - - Interessant l’apartat recursos en xarxa, ofereix molts enllaços interessants PDF DESCARREGABLE http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_pdf/wiener2.pdf -

PRINCIPIA CYBERNETICA WEB http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/CYBSWHAT.html - compta amb més de cent pàgines i un directori d epensadors que han influenciat en el camp concret

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CYBERNETICS http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/ -

CRONOLOGÍA DE WIENER

http://www.google.es/search?q=Norbert+Wiener&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=lEGVS-aiAs-h4Qam-oWjDQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=17&ved=0CEIQ5wIwEA&cts=1268072885400

3.1.5 - Claude Shannon (1916-2001). La teoria matemàtica de la comunicació.

Ingenier electrotècnic i matemàtic, nascut a Gaylord, Michigan, considerat com el pare de la era de les comunicacions electròniques. Estudià a al Universitat de Michigan i l’any 1940 es doctorà en el marc del MIT de Massachussets. Mentre treballava pels laboratoris Bell 11 va formular una teoria que explicava la comunicació de la informació, coneguda mundialment com la Teoria de la Comunicació 12. Bona part de la seva investigación es va dedicar també a l’estudi de les xarxes telefòniques, la relació existent entre els Relés i la lògica binària (reunint àlgebra de Boole amb el circuit telefònic) i creant el concepte de BIT – Binary digiT

PUBLICACIONS:

“A Mathematical theory communication”(.Claude Shannon, vol. 27, pp. 379-423 i 623-656)

Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver: The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 1949

LLIBRES:

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 11 (Computing and Intelligence): 11.3 Claude

E. Shannon, Programming a Computer for Playing Chess. From Philosophical Magazine, 7th series, 41 (1950): 256-75 pg 681-697 i 11.4 Claude E. Shannon, Computers and Automata. From Proceedings of the I.R.E. 41 (1953): 1234-41. Pg 697-709. També dins capitol 12 (Communication Theory): 12.1 Claude E. Shannon , A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits. From Transactions of the American Institue of Electrical Engineers 57 (1938): 713-23. pg749-771 i 12.2 Claude E. Shannon , A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Excerpt from The Bell System Technical Journal 27 (1948): 379 – 405. Pg 771-789.

Portraits in silicon, Robert Slater, MIT Press, 1989. Primer capitol: The Conceptualizers. 4: Claude Shannon. Of Boolean Logic, Mice, Juggling, and Unicycles.

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group (PG 406)

N J A Sloane and A D Wyner (eds.), Claude Elwood Shannon : collected papers (New York, 1993).

ARTICLES:

R Price, A conversation with Claude Shannon : one man's approach to problem solving, Cryptologia 9 (2) (1985), 167-175.

R Price, A conversation with Claude Shannon : one man's approach to problem solving, IEEE Comm. Mag. 22 (5) (1984), 123-126.

WEB:

DIRECTORI AMB WEBSITES D’INFORMACIO SOBRE SHANNON http://www.essrl.wustl.edu/~jao/ee550/shannonurls.html

UNIVERSITAT DE ST ANDREWS, ESCOCIA http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Shannon.html

UNIVERSITAT DE ST ANDREWS, ESCOCIA http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Obits/Shannon.html

SCIENCEWORLD http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shannon.html

3.1.6- Konrad Zuse (1910-1995). El Z-1, el primer ordinador.

PUBLICACIONS:

The Computer - My Life. Konrad Zuse. Springer-Verlag, 1993

Glosario de informática, Konrad Zuse, 1974

LLIBRES:

Raúl Rojas and Ulf Hashagen, (eds.) The First Computers: History and Architectures, MIT Press, Cambridge (2000). Tercera part: The Architecture of Konrad Zuse ‘s Early Computing Machines (Raul Rojas, pg 237-263), Konrad Zuse’s Z4: Architecture, Programming, Modifications at the ETH Zurich (Ambros P. Speiser, pg 263-277), The Plankälkul of Konrad Zuse – Revisited (Friedrich L. Bauer, pg 277-295) I Konrad Zuse and Industrial Manufacturing of Electronic Computers in Germany (Hartmut Petzold, pg 315-323)

Portraits in silicon, Robert Slater, MIT Press, 1989. Segon capitol: The Early Inventors. 1: Konrad Zuse. A Little-Known Computer Builder .

D Ritchie, The Computer Pioneers (New York, 1986).

P E Ceruzzi, The Early Computers of Konrad Zuse, 1935 to 1945, Ann. Hist. Comp. 3 (3) (1981), 241-262.

WEB:

KONRAD’S ZUSE HOMEPAGE http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/Konrad_Zuse/index.html

VEURE APARTAT RECUSROS A LA XARXA http://www.infoamerica.org/teoria/zuse1.htm INFOAMERICA.ORG

UNIVERSITAT DE ST ANDREWS, ESCOCIA http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Zuse.html

1.1.7 -Jack Kilby (1924-2005). Els circuits integrats, el microprocessadori la microelectrónica.

PUBLICACIONS:

Invention Of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important FactsArjun N. Saxena, World Scientific Publishing, 2009, Intrenational Series on Advances in Solid State Electronics and Tchnology

Portraits in silicon, Robert Slater, MIT Press, 1989. Quart capitol:Making the Computer Smaller and More Powerfull. 15: Jack Kilby. Co-inventor of the Integrated Circuit.

LLIBRES:

A History of Modern Computing: Ceruzzi, Paul E .2003, MIT Capitol 6: The chip and its impact (pg 177-207)

100 Most Popular Scientists for Young Adults: Biographical Sketches and Professional Paths Book by Kendall Haven, Donna Clark; 1999 , PG 301-301 , Jack Kilby, “Breaking the Tiranny of Numbers”.

WEB:

PORTAL http://www.kilby.org/ -

ABOUT COM http://inventors.about.com/od/kstartinventors/p/Jack_Kilby.htm -

BLOG PIONEROS DE LA INFORMATICA http://www.pionerosti.com.ar/2008/08/pionero-5-jack-kilby.html

CRONOLOGIA

http://www.google.es/search?q=Jack+Kilby&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=KmSVS97MLs-N4gbM8qCKDQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=22&ved=0CFcQ5wIwFQ&cts=1268081836247

TRANSCRIPCIO ENTREVISTA ORAL AL CHARLES BABBAGE INSTITUT http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=41

EL PREMIO NOBEL DE FÍSICA. Disponible en: http://www.nobelpreis.org/castellano/physik/kroemer.htm [Consultado: 30 de junio del 2007].

1.1.8 - Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (1915-1990). Galactic Network i Arpanet.

PUBLICACIONS:

“Galactic Network” (A.J.C. Licklider, 1962)

Licklider, J. C. R. y W. Clark. On-Line Man-Computer Communication, Agosto 1962.Proceeding of the IEEE, Special Issue on Packet Communications Networks, vol. 66, nª 11, Noviembre 1978. 

1942. An Electrical Investigation of Frequency-Localization in the Auditory Cortex of the Cat. Ph.D. Thesis University of Rochester 194.2

1965. Libraries of the future. Cambridge, Mass., M.I.T. Press

Articles

1960. "Man-Computer Symbiosis". In: Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, volume HFE-1, pages 4–11, March 1960.

1965. "Man-Computer Partnership". In: International Science and Technology May 1965.

1968. "The Computer as a Communication Device". In: Science and Technology. April 1968.

LLIBRES:

Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2001). The Dream Machine: J. C. R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal. New York, NY: Viking Penguin

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 10 (Early Applications of Electronic Computers): 10.5 J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis. From IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, vol. HFE-1 (1960): 4-11. Pg 613-625, i 10.6 J.C.R. Licklider and Welden E. Clark, On-Line Man-Computer Communication. From Joint Computer Conference. Proceedings 21 (1962): 113-28 pg 625-641. També dins capitol 13 (Origins of the Internet): 13.5 J.C.R. Licklider and Robert W. Taylor, The Computer as a Communication Device. From Science and Technology 76 (1968). Pg 849-863

Lambert, Hilary W. Poole, Chris Woodford, Christos J. P. Moschovitis. The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2005, 156-162

The Worldwide History of Telecommunications by Anton A. Huurdeman Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press (July 31, 2003), pg 583-587

Michael Buckland, Professor. Historical Studies in Information Science Edited by Trudi Bellardo Hahn and Michael Buckland, pg 134-137, Asis Monograph Series

The net effect Beth Porter, 2001 , pg 43-49, Intellect Books

The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies .Julie A. Jacko,Andrew Sears, 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, pg 4-5

Mark Stefik, Internet dreams. Archetypes, myths and metaphors, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. Dins Part 1: The Digital Library Metaphor: the I-Way as Publishing and Community Memory. Excerpt of “Libraries of the Future” (pg 23-33).

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group

WEB:

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4989933629762859961# video documentary, 1972. Licklider explains online resource sharing, about 10 minutes into the documentary, and reappears throughout.

TRANSCRIPCIO ENTREVISTA ORAL AL CHARLES BABBAGE INSTITUT http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=87

LIVINGINTERNET http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm

INFOAMERICA http://www.infoamerica.org/teoria/licklider1.htm

IBIBLIO.ORG LICKLIDER http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/licklider.html

3.2- Inicis de l’hipertext i principis de la simulació en el s.XX

3.2.1 - Vannevar Bush (1890-1974). L’analitzador diferencial i el Memex.

PUBLICACIONS:

“As you may think”(Vannevar Bush, article seminal, 1945)

“Armas modernas y hombres libres” (Vannevar Bush, 1950)

1922, Principles of Electrical Engineering.

1929, Operational Circuit Analysis.

1945, July, "As We May Think", Atlantic Monthly.

1945, Science: The Endless Frontier, a report to president Truman outlining his proposal for post-war U.S. science and technology policy

1946, Endless Horizons, a collection of papers and addresses.

1949, "Modern Arms and Free Men", a discussion of the role of science in preserving democratic institutions.

1967, Science Is Not Enough, essays.

1970, "Pieces of the Action", an examination of science and the state.

LLIBRES:

G. Pascal Zachary, Endless Frontier. Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century, New York, The Free Press, 1997

From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine, edited by James M. Nyce and Paul Kahn (1991). Academic Press

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 13 (Origins of the Internet): 13.1 Vannevar Bush, As We May Think. From The Atlantic Monthly 176 (1945): 101-8. Pg 801-813.

The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies .Julie A. Jacko,Andrew Sears, 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, pg 4-5

Mark Stefik, Internet dreams. Archetypes, myths and metaphors, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. Dins Part 1: The Digital Library Metaphor: the I-Way as Publishing and Community Memory. Excerpt of “As We May Think” (pg 15-23).

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, pg 5-8

M.ª Antonia Martí Antonín, (coord.) (2003), Tecnologías del lenguaje, Barcelona: UOC. CAPITOL 3: L’HIPERTEXT(Pg 87-88 Bush)

WEB:

http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1969/12/as-we-may-think/3881/

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jep;view=text;rgn=main;idno=3336451.0001.101

ARTICLE AS WE MAY THINK ANGLES

http://sindominio.net/biblioweb/pensamiento/vbush-es.html

ARTICLE AS WE MAY THINK ESPAÑOL

http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm#ch4.1 INFORME DE BUSH AL PRESIDENT DELS ESTAT UNITAS ANOMENAT: SCIENCE THE ENDLESS FRONTIER

http://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/ MEMEX AND BEYOND – INVESTIGACIO HIPERMEDIA AL VOLTANT DEL CONCEPTE DE MEMEX APORTAT PER BUSH

http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/wik/bushref.htm PAGINA D’ENLLAÇOS A REFERENCIES WEB DE BUSH

http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/bush.html BUSH AL MIT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZyrhkZ8mFg ENTREVISTA AL YOUTUBE SOBRE EL MÓN EN GUERRA

IBIBLIO.ORG BUSH http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/bush.html

CRONOLOGIA BUSH

http://www.google.es/search?q=Vannevar+Bush&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=U2GWS5H5FISr4QberYnSCg&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=18&ved=0CE0Q5wIwEQ&cts=1268146516248

3.2.2 - John Cage (1912-1992). La música: el silenci, la música no intencional

i el piano-preparat.

PUBLICACIONS:

[hide]

v • d • e

John Cage

Major compositions

Sonatas and Interludes (1946–48) · Music of Changes (1951) · Imaginary Landscape No. 4 (1951) · 4′33″ (1952) · Concert for Piano and Orchestra (1958) · Variations (1958–67) · Atlas Eclipticalis (1961–62) · Cheap Imitation (1969) · Song Books (1970) · Etudes Australes (1974–75) · Freeman Etudes (1977–90) · Roaratorio (1979) · Ryoanji (1983) · Europeras (1987–91) · Number Pieces (1987–92)

Collaborators and influences

Norman O. Brown · Ananda Coomaraswamy · Merce Cunningham · Marcel Duchamp · Jasper Johns · Charles Olson · Robert Rauschenberg · Demetrio Stratos · D. T. Suzuki · David Tudor

BooksSilence (1961) · A Year from Monday (1968) · M (1973) · Empty Words (1979) · X (1983) · Anarchy (1988)

Related subjects and listsIndeterminacy in music · List of compositions · Works for prepared piano

LLIBRES:

Bernstein, David W., and Hatch, Christopher (ed.). 2001. Writings through John Cage's Music, Poetry, and Art. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226044076

Boulez, Pierre, and Cage, John. 1995. The Boulez-Cage Correspondence. Edited by Robert Samuels and Jean-Jacques Nattiez, translated by Robert Samuels. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521485584

Brown, Kathan. 2001. John Cage Visual Art: To Sober and Quiet the Mind. Crown Point Press. ISBN 1891300164, ISBN 978-1891300165

Cage, John. 1973. Silence: Lectures and Writings, Wesleyan Paperback (first edition 1961). ISBN 0-8195-6028-6

Fetterman, William. 1996. John Cage's Theatre Pieces: Notations and Performances. Routledge. ISBN 3718656434

Kostelanetz, Richard. 2003. Conversing with John Cage, Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93792-2

Nicholls, David (ed.). 2002. The Cambridge Companion to John Cage. Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0521789680

Nicholls, David. 2007. John Cage. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252032152

Patterson, David W. (ed.). John Cage: Music, Philosophy, and Intention, 1933–1950. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0815329954

Perloff, Marjorie, and Junkerman, Charles. 1994. John Cage: Composed in America. University of Chicago Press, 1994. ISBN 0226660575

Pritchett, James. 1993. The Music of John Cage. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521565448

Revill, David. 1993. The Roaring Silence: John Cage – a Life. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1559702206, ISBN 978-1559702201

The Book of Music & Nature. Edited by David Rothenberg and Marta Ulvaeus. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2001 John Cage, Happy New Ears (pg 25-30)i Diary: Ema Lake Music Workshop 1965 (pg 30-34)

WEB:

John Cage at UbuWeb: historical, sound, film. John Cage's etchings at the Crown Point Press website

Art of the States: John Cage, audio files of In the Name of the Holocaust (1942), Nocturne (1947), Primitive (1942), and Ryoanji (1983-85)

Indeterminacy, Cage's short stories taken from various publications and accessed in random order.

FontanaMixer: computer program by Karlheinz Essl which generates a realtime version of John Cage's "Fontana Mix" (1958)

Other Minds Archive: John Cage interviewed by Jonathan Cott, streaming audio

Other Minds Archive: John Cage and David Tudor Concert at The San Francisco Museum of Art (January 16, 1965), streaming audio

Suite for Toy Piano (1948) performed by Margaret Leng Tan at the Other Minds Music Festival in 1999 at the Cowell Theater in San Francisco.

1982 performance of Speech for 5 radios and reel (1955) on YouTube

Water Walk on YouTube from Cage's appearance on the game show I've Got a Secret in January 1960.

4′33″ and Sonatas and Interludes for prepared piano performed by James Tenney at SASSAS sound, concert archive. Excerpts available on 'YouTube': 1, 2

John Cage, Aria performed by Elena Antonenko

The Anarchy of Silence. John Cage and Experimental Art (2009) a lecture by Julia E. Robinson on occasion of Cage's exhibition at the MACBA, Barcelona

Notes towards a re-reading of the “Roaratorio” the work of John Cage and his special relationship to radio at Ràdio Web MACBA

JOHN CAGE ONLINE (RECURSOS EN LINIA)http://ronsen.org/cagelinks.html

BASE DE DADES DE JOHN CAGE http://www.johncage.info/

WIKIPEDIA - MOLT COMPLET - ANGLÈS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage

CAGE A ARTE SONOROhttp://www.artesonoro.net/articulos/cage.html

VIDEOS DE CAGE A YOUTUBE

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=John+Cage&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=G2OWS832LMqg4QbfzPTwCg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CC0QqwQwCg#

3.2.3 - Fred Waller (1886-1954). El Cinerama.

PUBLICACIONS:

LLIBRES:

Grau, Oliver. Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion. Massachusetts: MIT, 2003, pg 156-158

Motion Pictures: Making Cinema Magic (Innovators, 11) (Hardcover) Author: Gina De Angelis Publisher: Oliver Press, pg 97

Richard W. Haines, Technicolor Movies: The History of Dye Transfer Printing. McFarland & Company, 2003, pg 66-70

Picture Composition for Film and Video (Paperback). ~ PETER WARD (Author), 2003, 94-96 (widescreen returns)

WEB:

http://huespedes.cica.es/aliens/gittcus/fediciem.html SISTEMAS

AUDIOVISUALES ORIENTADOS A LA SIMULACIÓN EN EL SIGLO XX

Fernando R. Contreras Medina Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM)

SOBRE CINERAMA - WIDESCREEN MUSEUM http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/Widescreen/wingcr1.htm

BIOGRAFIES DELS PIONERS DEL CINERAMA http://www.cineramaadventure.com/pioneers.htm#waller

VIDEOS DE FRED WALLER

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Fred+Waller&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=A2mWS6vIMYqt4Qa07fXZCg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CDUQqwQwCg#

3.2.4 - Ivan Sutherland (1938,-).La infografia, l’Sketchpad, la interacció, el

model tridimensional, la simulació visual, el disseny automatizat (CAD), la

realitat virtual.

PUBLICACIONS:

Logical effort: designing fast CMOS circuits Escrito por Ivan Edward Sutherland,Robert F. Sproull,David F. Harris

LLIBRES:

From Gutenberg to the Internet: a Sourcebook on the History of Information Technology. Volumen 2, Jeremy M. Norman, 2005, History of Science, dins capitol 10 (Early Applications of Electronic Computers): 10.7 Ivan Edward Sutherland, Sketchpad, a Man-Machine Graphical Communicaction System. Introduction. From “ Sketchpad, a Man-Machine Graphical Communication System” (Ph.D.diss., MIT, January 1963), pp. 8-23.641-649.

The Language of New Media (The MIT Press, 2001) Lev Manovich. Capitol3 : The Interface ( a partir de la pag 94, The Screen and the User)pg 94-111

The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies .Julie A. Jacko,Andrew Sears, 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, pg 5

New Media: A Critical Introduction. Martin Lister, Jon Dovey, Seth Giddings, Iain Grant, Kieran Kelly. (2003). Publisher: Routledgepg 111-113

The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Rheingold, Howard (1994 The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, capitol 3: Visionaries and Convergences: The Accidental History of the Net

Avances en Robótica y Visión por Computador. Ed. UCLM (Ediciones Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha. 2001. ... José Andrés Somolinos Sánchez, veure capitol REALIDAD VIRTUAL escrit per Sebastián Rubén Gómez Palomo, pg 169-215

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group

WEB:

BIOFRAFIA DE SUTHERLAND http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/abowd_team/ivan/ivan.html

ENTREVISTA ANY 1989 AL CHARLES BABBAGE INSTITUT http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=100

WIKIPEDIA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland

VIDEOS DE SUTHERLAND

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Ivan+Sutherland&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=y3SWS9C7CYyG4Qb_2bTlCg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=16&ved=0CFMQqwQwDw#

3.3- Origens dels programes interactius

3.3.1.- Morton Heilig (1923,-). El Sonorama, la realitat virtual i el casc virtual.

PUBLICACIONS:

LLIBRES:

Grau, Oliver. Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion. Massachusetts: MIT, 2003, pg 157-159

Wardrip-Fruin, Noah & Montfort, Nick, ed. "The New Media Reader", The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2003, pg 564-565, capitol escrit per branda laurel: The Six Elements and the Causal Relations Among Them

The Senses of Touch: Haptics, Affects and Technologies Mark Paterson: Bonus Publisher Materials, pg 119. 2007

Mind as machine: a history of cognitive science, Volumen 2Margaret A. Boden, 1082, Oxford Univeresity Press, 2006

PACKER, RANDALL; JORDAN, KEN, (2002); Multimedia: from Wagner to Virtual Reality.

WEB:

WEB OFICIAL – ENLLAÇA A LA SECCIÓ VR  http://www.mortonheilig.com/: http://www.mortonheilig.com/InventorVR.html

3.3.2 - Joseph Weizenbaum (1948,-). Ordiandor ELIZA, concepte d’ intel.ligència artificial.

PUBLICACIONS: “Computer Power and Human Reason” (La frontera entre el ordenador y la mente)” (Joseph Weizenbaum, 1976)

Wardrip-Fruin, Noah & Montfort, Nick, ed. "The New Media Reader", The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2003, pg 24. From Computer Power and Human Reason. From Judgement to Calculation.(pg 367-375)

"ELIZA - Un Programa informático para el estudio del lenguaje natural en la comunicación Hombre-Máquina", Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 9 (1966): 36-45.

Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Computation (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1976)

Weizenbaum, Joseph (1977). La frontera entre el ordenador y la mente. Ediciones Pirámide

LLIBRES:

Artificial intelligence: critical concepts, vol. III ... Ron Chrisley Routledge, London, 2000. Veure Part 2: Critiques of Artificial Reason. Article: Artificial Intelligence. Joseph Weizenbaum (56) (pg 313-334)

Screen Design Manual: Communicating Effectively Through Multimedia (X.media.publishing) (9783540439233):.Frank Thissen, 2004 6. Communicaction and Metamessages pg 228-236. Es pot consultar la transcripció d’un diàleg amb el programa ELIZA

Grau, Oliver. Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion. Massachusetts: MIT, 2003, pg 224

Digital Storytelling: A Creators Guide to Interactive Entertainment, by Carolyn Handler Miller (2004), pg 22 capitol 2: The first videogames, Focal Press (Elsevier, Inc)

Tools for Thought: The History and Future of Mind-Expanding Technology (Paperback). Howard Rheingold (Author), MIT Press, 2000, pg 163-168

WEB:

SOBRE ELIZA- MIT-NYU http://i5.nyu.edu/~mm64/x52.9265/january1966.html

WEB SOBRE EL DOCUMENTAL: WEIZENBAUM. REBEL AT WORK http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_1.htm

ENTREVISTA A CAMPUS RED http://campusred.net/telos/anteriores/num_038/inves_entrevistas0.html

3.3.3 - Raymond Kurzweil. La intel.ligència artificial, concepte de matriu

PUBLICACIONS:

“La era de las máquinas inteligentes ”

(Raymond Kurzweil, 1987-1988)

“La era de las máquinas espirituales : cuando los ordenadores superen la mente humana (Raymond Kurzweil, 1998-1999)

“La singularitad está cerca”(Raymond Kurzweil, 2004)

“La fusión de la Máquina Humana: nos dirigimos hacia Matrix?” (assaig dins llibre: “Cal pendre la pastilla vermella?” Raymond Kurzweil)

LLIBRES:

The Scientific Conquest of Death Escrito por Immortality Institute veure web: http://www.imminst.org/book/

Assaig anomenat Human Body version 2.0 (pg 93-107)

Entrevista “Machine Dreams” (pg 76-80) a la revista CIO – The Resource for Information

Executives 15 Oct 2004

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group (PG 276)

Brain-Mind Machinery: Brain-inspired Computing and Mind Opening, Gee- wah Ng , 2009/03/30, World Scientific Publishing Company. Llegir capitol 11: Are WeThere? What Can the Computer Do Today and Tomorrow? (pg 210-222)

Connections, patterns of discovery [Read excerpt]. Authors: H. Peter Alesso, Craig Forsythe Smith Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press Published Date: 2008, pg 175,176

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference To Communication And Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group, PG 276-278

Popular Mechanics Oct 1987, pg 69-71 its master voice

Popular Mechanics Feb 1984, dins secció NewsScience/Innovations, pg

Middleton, John. Gurus on e-business. Thorogood Publishing,2006. Steve Jobs (17) pg 97-101

WEB:

PAGINA OFICIAL http://www.kurzweilai.net/ -

EMPRESES DE KURZWEIL http://www.kurzweiltech.com/ktiflash.html

BIOGRAFIA I ALTRES DOCUMENTS INTERESSANTS http://www.kurzweiltech.com/aboutray.html

KURZWEIL CYBERART TECHNOLOGIES http://www.kurzweilcyberart.com/

KURZWEIL A WIKIPEDIA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Kurzweil

WEB DOCUMENTAL THE TRASCENDENT MAN http://www.transcendentman.com/

ENTREVISTA REDES TITULADA: EL FUTURO: LA FUSIÓN DEL ALMA Y LA TECNOLOGIA http://www.redesparalaciencia.com/tag/robots-y-futuro

ENTREVISTA http://bigthink.com/raykurzweil

VIDEOS

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Raymond+Kurzweil&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=T6CWS8D9L8mX4gbh28CBCw&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CB0QqwQwAw#

3.4 Hipermèdia, Multimèdia i la creació de la www

3.4.1 - Douglas Engelbart (1925,-). El ratolí, les finestres, l’ ajuda en línia, el processador de textos, el correu avançat, el sistema digital de producció col.lectiva.

PUBLICACIONS:

“A Conceptual framework for the augmentation of Man’s Intellect” (Douglas Engelbart, 1963)

LLIBRES:

CAMPÀS, Joan (2005). L'Hipertext. Barcelona: Editorial UOC, pg 26-32 (L’ORDINADOR COM A EINA LITERARIA)

M.ª Antonia Martí Antonín, (coord.) (2003), Tecnologías del lenguaje, Barcelona: UOC. CAPITOL 3: L’HIPERTEXT(pg 86-87).

Pg 87-88 Bush)

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference To Communication And Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group (PG 182-183)

The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies .Julie A. Jacko,Andrew Sears, 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, pg 5

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, pg 10

BARDINI, Thierry - Bootstrapping. Douglas Engelbart, coevolution, and the origins of personal computing, Stanford University Press, 2000

The Heart of the Internet: An Insider's View of the Origin and Promise of ...Jacques F. Valee,Jacques Vallée, 2003, Hampton RoadsPublishing Company, pg 45-52

WEB:

http://dougengelbart.org/ DOUG ENGELBART INSTITUTE ENLLAÇAR A LIBRARY PER A OBTENIR RECURSOS EN LÍNIA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart WIKIPEDIA CONSULTAR ENLLAÇOS EXTRENS

http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/engelbart.html IBIBLIO.ORG ENGELBART

http://www.laflecha.net/perfiles/tecnologia/douglas_engelbart LA FLECHA

VIDEO

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Douglas+Engelbart&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&ei=ANiWS-S7JtHF4gaGmtnMCQ&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=16&ved=0CEsQqwQwDw#

CRONOLOGIA

http://www.google.es/search?q=Douglas+Engelbart&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=ANiWS-S7JtHF4gaGmtnMCQ&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=18&ved=0CEwQ5wIwEQ&cts=1268177177608

3.4.2- Ted Nelson (1937, -). Xanadú, hipertext i hipermedia.

PUBLICACIONS:

“The Home Computer Revolution” (Ted Nelson, 1977)

“The Future of Information” (Ted Nelson,1997)

Life, Love, College, etc. (1959) Computer Lib: You can and must understand computers now / Dream Machines: New freedoms

through computer screens—a minority report (1974), Microsoft Press, rev. edition 1987: ISBN 0-914845-49-7 [4]

The Home Computer Revolution (1977)

Literary Machines: The report on, and of, Project Xanadu concerning word processing, electronic publishing, hypertext, thinkertoys, tomorrow's intellectual revolution, and certain other topics including knowledge, education and freedom (1981), Mindful Press, Sausalito, California.

o Publication dates as listed in the 93.1 (1993) edition: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

The Future of Information (1997)

A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure. Journal of Digital Information, Volume 5 Issue 1. Article No. 298, July 16, 2004

Geeks Bearing Gifts: How The Computer World Got This Way (2008) (Chapter summaries)

LLIBRES:

Tejiendo la red. El inventor del World Wide Web nos descubre su origen. Fischetti, Mark; Berners-Lee, Tim; Siglo XXI de España Editores, 2008, pg 60-61

Lambert, Hilary W. Poole, Chris Woodford, Christos J. P. Moschovitis. The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2005, 186-191

CAMPÀS, Joan (2005). L'Hipertext. Barcelona: Editorial UOC, pg 28-33 (L’ORDINADOR COM A EINA LITERARIA)

M.ª Antonia Martí Antonín, (coord.) (2003), Tecnologías del lenguaje, Barcelona: UOC. CAPITOL 3: L’HIPERTEXT(pg 88-91).

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publisher, pg 10-11

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group

WEB:

WEB OFICIAL NELSON http://ted.hyperland.com/

WEB DE XANADU http://www.xanadu.net/

http://www.xanadu.com.au/ted/

BIBLIOGRAFIA DETALLADA http://www.mprove.de/diplom/referencesNelson.html

TRANSLITERATURA http://transliterature.org/

XANADU AL ELECTRONIC LABYRINTH http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/elab/

IBIBLIO.ORG NELSON http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/nelson.html

VIDEO

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Ted+Nelson&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=meKWS7qQOsvR4ga9raz3Cg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=17&ved=0CFEQqwQwEA#

CRONOLOGIA

http://www.google.es/search?q=Ted+Nelson&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=meKWS7qQOsvR4ga9raz3Cg&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=19&ved=0CFIQ5wIwEg&cts=1268179843922

3.4.4- Tim Berners Lee (1955,-). L’ Internet, el llenguatge HTML, el protocol TCP/IP, el consorci W3C.

PUBLICACIONS:

“Tejiendo la Red” (Tim Berners-Lee, 1999)

Berners-Lee, Tim; Mark Fischetti (1999). Weaving the Web: The Past, Present and Future of the World Wide Web by its Inventor. Britain: Orion Business. ISBN 0-7528-2090-7.

Berners-Lee, Tim; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora (17 May 2001). "The Semantic Web". Scientific American. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=the-semantic-web&print=true.

A Framework for Web Science Escrito por Tim Berners-Lee,Wendy Hall,James A. Hendler

LLIBRES:

Author: Stewart, Melissa. Title: Tim Berners-Lee : inventor of the World Wide Web / Melissa Stewart. Published: Chicago, IL : Ferguson Pub. Co., 2001

Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (USA Today Lifeline Biographies) by Stephanie Sammartino McPherson (Library Binding - Sept. 2009

How the Web Was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web, James Gillies, Robert Cailliau (Oxford Paperbacks, 2000

Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web by Ann Gaines. 2001; Mitchell Lane Publishers

Lambert, Hilary W. Poole, Chris Woodford, Christos J. P. Moschovitis. The Internet: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2005, 15-22

ABBATE, Janet. (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, PG 214-218

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference To Communication And Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group (PG 44-45)

Thinking on the Web: Berners-Lee, Gödel, and Turing Escrito por H. P. Alesso,Craig Forsythe Smith, 2006, John Wiley and Sons. CAPITOL 4: Berners-Lee: what is solvable on the web? Pg 63-73

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, pg 13-15

Middleton, John. Gurus on e-business. Thorogood Publishing,2006. Steve Jobs (17) pg 33-37

Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science), Ann Gaines (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2001) ISBN 1-58415-096-3

Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies), Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001) ISBN 0-89434-367-X children's biography

Weaving the Web Berners-Lee, Tim, with Fischetti, Mark (Harper Collins Publishers,1999) ISBN 0-06-251586-1(cloth) ISBN 0-06-251587-X(paper)

How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000) ISBN 0-19-286207-3

School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton

BBC2 Newsnight – Video interview clip of Berners-Lee on the read/write Web[dead link]

Technology Review interview

WEB:

BIO A W3C http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

CONSORCI W3C http://www.w3.org/

BLOG PERSONAL http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4

WORLD WIBE WEB FOUNDATION http://www.webfoundation.org/

A WIKIPEDIA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee

IBIBLIO.ORG BERNERS LEE http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/lee.html

3.4.3 – Jaron Lanier (1960,-). La realitat virtual, HCI (Human-Computer Interaction, els guants virtuals i la programació visual.

PUBLICACIONS:

Video games Moondust (C64, 1983) Alien Garden (Atari 800, 1982)

Significant papers One-Half of a Manifesto, Wired, Dec 2000.

Books You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2010, ISBN 978-1846143410

LLIBRES:

Encyclopedia Of New Media : An Essential Reference To Communication And Technology by Steve Jones, 2003, The Moschovitis Group (PG 280-281)

The Language of New Media (The MIT Press, 2001) Lev Manovich. Capitol3 : The Interface ( a partir de la pag 94, The Screen and the User)pg 58-59

La conquista del ciberespacio / Dominique Nora; [traducción Carlos Gardini]. Editorial: Barcelona : Andrés Bello, 1997, 242-249 (veure capitol 7: virtulamnete tuyo)

Cibersociedad 2.0: una nueva visita a la comunidad y la comunicación mediada por ordenador Jones, Steven G. UOC., 2004. Veure capitol I: Información, Internet y Comunidad: apuntes para una comprensión de la comunidad en la Era de la Información

The Book of Music & Nature. Edited by David Rothenberg and Marta Ulvaeus. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2001. Jaron Lanier, Music, Nature and Computers: a Showdown (Pg 91-95)

THE NEW EARTH READER The Best of Terra Nova David Rothenberg and Marta Ulvaeus, eds. 1999, MIT Press. Article: Ruby Cristal Squid Dancing on the Rings of Saturn. An Interview with Jaron Lanier. (pg 112-128)

CIO 15 Dic 2002 - 1 Ene 2003, Vol. 16, N.º 6 pg 41-43

WEB:

http://www.jaronlanier.com/ PAGINA OFICIAL

http://www.jaronlanier.com/general.html BIOGRAFIA

http://www.jaronlanier.com/poleconGadgetqa.html ENTEVISTA SOBRE EL SEU ULTIM LLIBRE: YOU ARE NOT A GADGET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaron_Lanier A WIKIPEDIA

http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/lanier.html A 3RD CULTURA (CAPITOL 17 DEL LLIBR9

http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier06/lanier06_index.html DIGITAL MAOISM: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism [5.30.06]Original Essay

http://discovermagazine.com/columns/jarons-world ARTICLES EN LÍNIA AL AREVISTA DISCOVERhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2001/dec/29/games.academicexperts ARTICLE AL DIARI THE GUARDIAN: THE VIRTUAL VISIONARY Burkeman, Oliver (2001-12-29). "The virtual visionary". Guardian Unlimited.

http://currents.ucsc.edu/99-00/01-10/lanier.html McKenna, Barbara (2000-01-10). "Talking technology: A Q&A with the inventor of virtual reality". UC Santa Cruz, Currents. Retrieved 2008-01-09.

VIDEO

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&oq=jA&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=jaron+lanier&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=UbKXS5LNKo6h4QbAyYznCg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=17&ved=0CFgQqwQwEA#

3.4.5- Steve Jobs (1955,-). Empresa Apple, primer ordinador Macintosh, productores NeXT i Pixar, iMac, iPod.

PUBLICACIONS:

LLIBRES:

Steve Jobs: the Brilliant Mind Behind Apple . Anthony Imbimbo. Publicado por: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2009

Steve Jobs, Steven Wozniak, And the Personal Computer Graphic Library Reinforced ... 2006; Publisher: Graphic Library; Author: Donald B. Lemke

BRASHARES, Ann. Steve Jobs: thinks different Ed. Twenty-First Century Books, 2001

The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs: How to Be Insanely Great in Front of Any Audience by Carmine Gallo, 2010, MacGraw-Hill Books

Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History Of The World's Most Colorful Company. por Linzmayer, Owen W, 2004, William Pollock (publicació)

Essentials of management / Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihric, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, - International Case: profiles of two visionaries- Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, pg 330-333

Middleton, John. Gurus on e-business. London : Thorogood, c2006. Steve Jobs (17) pg 89-92

Inventors and Inventions, Doris Simonis, 2008, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Capitol: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Incentors of the Apple I and Apple II computers. 1955 – and 1950 -.(PG 883-892)

Perfect Pitch: The Art of Selling Ideas and Winning New Business. Jon Steel. Introducció: an audience with Steve Jobs, 2007, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

An Introduction to Digital Multimedia. Author: Karla E. Vogel, T. M. Savage, 2009, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, pg 12-13

References

Caddes, Carolyn (1986). Portraits of Success: Impressions of Silicon Valley Pioneers. Tioga Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-935382-56-9.

Cringely, Robert X (1996). Accidental Empires. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-88730-855-4.

Denning, Peter J. & Frenkel, Karen A. (1989). A Conversation with Steve Jobs. Comm. ACM. Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 437–443.

Deutschman, Alan (2001). The Second Coming of Steve Jobs. Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-0433-8.

Freiberger, Paul & Swaine, Michael (1999). Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer. McGraw-Hill Trade. ISBN 0-07-135892-7.

Hertzfeld, Andy (2004). Revolution in the Valley. O'Reilly Books. ISBN 0-596-00719-1.

Kahney, Leander (2004). The Cult of Mac. No Starch Press. ISBN 1-886411-83-2.

Levy, Steven (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Anchor Press, Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19195-2.

Levy, Steven (1994). Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-85244-9.

Malone, Michael S. (1999). Infinite Loop. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-638-4. Bantam Doubleday Dell. ISBN 0-385-48684-7.

Markoff, John (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-03382-0.

Simon, William L. & Young, Jeffrey S. (2005). iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-72083-6.

Stross, Randall E. (1993). Steve Jobs and The NeXT Big Thing. Atheneum Books. ISBN 0-689-12135-0.

Slater, Robert (1987). Portraits in Silicon. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19262-4. Chapter 28

Young, Jeffrey S. (1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Scott, Foresman & Co.. ISBN 0-673-18864-7.

Wozniak, Steve (2006). iWoz Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple and had fun doing it. W. W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 0-393-06143-4.

Articles Anecdotes from Steve Jobs' early days in Apple as reported by Andy Hertzfeld. Folklore.org. Lohr, Steve (January 12, 1997). "Creating Jobs". New York Times Magazine.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EED71139F931A25752C0A961958260. Retrieved October 27, 2007.

Booth, Cathy (August 18, 1997). "Steve's job: restart Apple". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986849,00.html. Retrieved October 27, 2007.

Elkind, Peter (March 5, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2008030513. Retrieved March 5, 2008.

InfoWorld 1 Oct 1984, Article Merry Pranksters (Jobs and Wozniak unearth the secrets og phone phreaking). Vol. 6, N.º 40Publicado por InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.

WEB:

http://www.apple.com/pr/bios/jobs.html BIOGRAFIA A EMPRESA APPLE

http://www.time.com/time/photoessays/2007/steve_jobs/ NAVEGACIO INTERACTIVA HISTORIA DE JOBS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs WIKIPEDIA, BEWURE NOTES, REFERENCIES, ARTICLES I ENTREVISTES

http://www.allaboutstevejobs.com/ ALL ABOUT STEVE JOBS

http://www.laflecha.net/perfiles/tecnologia/steve_jobs A LA FLECHA - DIARIO DE CIENCIA Y TENCOLOGIA

VIDEO

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=Steve+Jobs&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=07yXS4O2FtCw4QalnPj0Cg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=22&ved=0CGEQqwQwFQ#

3.4.6- Steve Wozniak (1950,-). Cofundador d’ Apple , ordinador Apple II, creador de hardware i software.

PUBLICACIONS:

IWOZ. Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It. By Steve Wozniak with Gina Smith, 2006, ed - Hind

LLIBRES:

Author, Kendall, Martha E. Title, Steve Wozniak : inventor of the Apple computer / Martha E. Kendall. Pub Info, New York : Walker, c1994

Steve Wozniak : a wizard called Woz / Rebecca Gold. Pub info, Minneapolis : Lerner, ... Subject, Wozniak, 1994

Steve Jobs, Steven Wozniak, And the Personal Computer Graphic Library Reinforced ... 2006; Publisher: Graphic Library; Author: Donald B. Lemke

Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History Of The World's Most Colorful Company. por Linzmayer, Owen W, 2004, William Pollock (publicació)

Inventors and Inventions, Doris Simonis, 2008, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Capitol: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Incentors of the Apple I and Apple II computers. 1955 – and 1950 -.(PG 883-892)

The Internet and society: a reference handbook, Bernadette Hlubik Schell (186-190), 2007, ABC-CLIO

100 Most Popular Scientists for Young Adults: Biographical Sketches and Professional Paths Book by Kendall Haven, Donna Clark; 1999 , PG 486-491 , Steve Wozniak, “The Electronic Whiz Kid”.

InfoWorld 1 Oct 1984, Article Merry Pranksters (Jobs and Wozniak unearth the secrets og phone phreaking). Vol. 6, N.º 40Publicado por InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.

InfoWorld 14 Jun 1982, 14 Jun 1982116 páginasVol. 4, N.º 23

ISSN 0199-6649Publicado por InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak: Geek Heroes Who Put the Personal in Computers , Mike Venezia,Glen Ellyn, CHILDRENS PR, 2010

WEB:

WOZ ORGhttp://www.woz.org/

IWOZ ORGhttp://www.iwoz.org/

A WIKIPEDIA, VEURE ENTREVISTES I VIDEOS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wozniak

DESCRIPCIO PER PART DE WOZNIAK DE LA CREACIO DELS PRIMERS ORDINADORS (APPLE I i II)http://www.macworld.com/article/1575/2002/10/woz.html

BIOGRAFIA A THE APLPLE MUSEUM http://www.theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=50

PIRATES OF SILICON VALLEY. DOCUMENTAL SOBRE LA HISTORIA D’APPLE I MICROSOFT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley

VIDEO

http://video.google.es/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&q=steve+wozniak&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=pMqXS-rlI42u4QaWuP32Cg&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=17&ved=0CE0QqwQwEA#

CRONOLOGIA

http://www.google.es/search?q=steve+wozniak&hl=es&rlz=1T4SKPB_esES310ES312&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=pMqXS-rlI42u4QaWuP32Cg&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=19&ved=0CE4Q5wIwEg&cts=1268239158254