Chapter 2. C. Richard Edwards and Richard E. Ford. 1993. Integrated pest management in the corn/soybean agroecosystem. Pages 13-55.

Keywords: introduction and background of USA 10-state corn belt that produces 83% of the nation’s corn and 77% of its soybeans on 50% of the 325 million acres of cropped land, cropping patterns: corn-soybean rotation, wheat and grain sorghum rotation, in the southern part double cropped wheat is followed by soybean, farm size ranges from 200 to more than 100,000 acres, preventative strategies are stressed as many pests cannot be controlled if they become established, some constraints are lack of funds for research, low cash value of field crops, federal farm programs require farmers to change the cropping pattern, stringent EPA regulations for testing and registering non-conventional biological pest control methods, biologically enhanced IPM requires higher levels of management and knowledge, lack of training programs, pests, cultural pest management, use of clean disease-free seed, adjusting planting or harvesting times, tillage, drainage, crop sequence, crop rotation, plant nutrition, and sanitation, biological control, plant genetic resistance, current IPM practices, agricultural chemicals, new concerns, exotic pests such as soybean rust, maize streak virus, soybean pod-borer, and numerous weeds can lead to epidemics, pest resistance, status, practices and constraints, crop rotations and tillage systems, biological control, living mulches, plant genetic resistance, genetic engineering, pest resistance management, IPM technology transfer and extension, agricultural chemicals, regulations, future IPM blueprint, implications of removing pesticides