1. The Council of Europe formed in 1948 became

A. an institution with the power to inflict military repercussions on nations

B. the controlling organization for the release of African colonies in the 1960’s

C. the group that would consolidate currency and lead to the creation of the Euro

D. a body which was more a debating society than a real political power

E. a forum for establishing economic tariff policy

2. What happened when Britain, France and Israel invaded Egypt after the Suez Canal crisis?A. The United States and the Soviet Union forced them to withdraw.

B. The United Nations condemned their actions.

C. Nasser took control of Egypt in a coup.

D. Egypt became independent of Great Britain.

E. Israel lost is place in the United Nations.

3. French involvement in Vietnam ended whenA. the French pulled out all their forces but refused to sign a treaty

B. Charles de Gaulle was made President of the new Fifth Republic

C C. the French agreed to split Vietnam temporarily pending free elections

D. Ho Chi Minh took control of the North Vietnamese forces

E. the Soviet Union interjected on the Vietnamese behalf

4. The most important factor in the growing independence movements in the 1950s and 1960s in Northern Africa wasA. oil

B. B. Arab nationalism

C. free trade

D. military protection

E. land for peasants

5. The independence movement of the colonies of European nations was led byA. India

B. South Africa

C. Algeria

D. Libya

E. Vietnam

6. Which country attempted a national democratic revolution in 1956, which was crushed by the Soviets?A. Hungary

B. Yugoslavia

C. Czechoslovakia

D. Poland

E. Bulgaria

7. The new “Big Science” of the post-World War II era focused onA. atomic physics

B. biochemistry

C. industrial technology

D. computers and microsystems

E. astronomy

8. Gorbachev was no longer head of the Soviet Union when

A. Yeltsin defeated him in an open elections

B. hard-liners pushed him out of the job by a coup

C. his position was eliminated because the Soviet Union ceased to exist

D. the Baltic Republics declared their independence

E. Poland and Hungary rebelled against the Warsaw Pact

9. Poland’s opposition to its communist government in the 1980s was lead by a group known as theA. Black Hand

B. People’s Will

C. Brown Shirts

D. Solidarity movement

E. Socialist Revolutionaries

10. How did Gorbachev react to demonstrations for democratization outside of Russia? He

A. allowed the demonstrations to continue without reaction

B. crushed the demonstrations with the help of the Soviet military

C. arrested the leadership of the demonstrations and exiled them to SiberiaD. placed a referendum in the country to vote for independence

E. forced the demonstrators to move to locations where their protests wouldn’t be heard

11. Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika represented an attempt toA. restructure the Soviet Union’s economy

B. eliminate state-sponsored censorship

C. instill a new openness in Soviet society

D. conduct new foreign policy initiatives with the west

E. end the Warsaw pact controls of Eastern Europe

12. Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of glasnost meant a(n)A. new openness in Soviet society

B. economic restructuring allowing free markets

C. new nationalism among Soviet ethnicities

D. gradual limiting of the Soviet stockpile of missiles

E. chance for all Russians to move into higher positions

13. The rise and then survival of Solidarity into the mid-1980s was evidence ofA. trade union movements rising throughout Europe

B. B. desire of Eastern Europeans for liberalism and democracy

C. the negative use of terror in Eastern Europe

D. the lack of political stability in Eastern Europe

E. the utter failure of communism in Poland

14. The Solidarity movement was able to postpone a showdown with the communist government byA. endorsing moderate tactics and goals

B. allying with the military

C. infiltrating the government ranks

D. gaining the support of the United States

E. holding its own militia

15. The Solidarity movement in Poland was led byA. Lech Walesa

B. Karol Wojtyla

C. Willy Schmidt

D. Wojciech Jaruzelski

E. Merek Belka

16. Which post-Brezhnev leader was most responsible for reform in the Soviet Union?  A. Chernenko

  B. Andropov

C C. Gorbachev

  D. Putin

  E. Yeltsin

17. The Soviet Union had a presence in each of the following countries in the 1970s and 1980s EXCEPTA. Afghanistan

B. Somalia

C. Ethiopia

D. Angola

E. Congo

18. People would prefer their own bad government rather than submit to the good government of a foreign power.

Which concept is characterized by this statement?(1) nationalism (3) socialism(2) communism (4) militarism

19. Which region is most closely associated with conflict in the West Bank, Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula?(1) East Africa (3) Western Europe(2) Middle East (4) Central Asia

20. Which leader’s policies included glasnost and perestroika?(1) Fidel Castro (3) Mikhail Gorbachev(2) Nikita Khrushchev (4) Deng Xiaoping

21. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was initially formed to(1) promote religious freedom(2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression(3) isolate member nations from the rest of the world(4) stop the flow of immigration between member nations

Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Source: Dana Summers, The Orlando Sentinel, 1989

22. This 1989 cartoon suggests that the governments of both China and East Germany(1) removed the military from power(2) allowed a shift in rule from autocracy to fascism(3) gave people the right to decide how they would be ruled(4) faced challenges in their ability to maintain communist governments

23 Which event in China is symbolized by the “Lady with the Light” in this 1989 cartoon?(1) Long March(2) Great Leap Forward(3) Cultural Revolution

(4) Tiananmen Square protests

24. Which statement about the United Nations is a fact rather than an opinion?

(1) The United Nations has too many committees to be effective.(2) The United Nations would be more efficient if its headquarters moved to Europe.

(3) The membership of the United Nations has increased since its formation. (4) The United Nations has successfully met most of its goals.

25. Which document is most closely associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict?(1) Balfour Declaration(2) Kyoto Protocol(3) Communist Manifesto

(4) Treaty of Nanjing

26. Which of these groups were the major supporters of 20th-century communist revolutions?(1) priests and artisans(2) bourgeoisie and nobility(3) entrepreneurs and capitalists(4) workers and peasants

27. Which type of warfare did Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, and Ho Chi Minh all engage in as leaders of revolutionary movements in their respective nations?(1) guerilla(2) trench(3) unrestricted submarine

(4) biological

• Led the Russians in a second revolution (1917)• Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”• Established the New Economic Policy (NEP)

28. Which leader is being described by these statements?(1) Czar Nicholas II (3) Vladimir I. Lenin

(2) Nikita Khrushchev (4) Mikhail Gorbachev

29. At the end of World War II, the British decided to partition the Indian subcontinent into the nations of India and Pakistan. What was a primary reason for this division?(1) India had adopted a policy of nonalignment. (2) Religious differences had led to conflicts between Hindus and Muslims.(3) Most of India’s valuable resources were located in the south.

(4) British India’s Muslim minority controlled most of India’s banking industry.

30. The Four Modernizations of Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in(1) an emphasis on the Five Relationships(2) a return to Maoist revolutionary principles(3) a move toward increased capitalism

(4) the end of the communist system of government

31. One way in which the Korean War and the Vietnam War are similar is that both

(1) resulted in unification of two formerly independent nations(2) reflected the success of the Western policy of containment(3) attempted to remove French imperialists from power

(4) developed from Cold War tensions

32. The primary purpose of the United Nations is to(1) control world grain prices(2) promote democratic governments(3) resolve conflicts between nations peacefully

(4) unite all nations militarily through alliances

33. One way in which the Great Leap Forward and the Four Modernizations are similar is that each was an attempt to(1) increase farm and factory output(2) develop a democratic government(3) strengthen economic ties with communist neighbors

(4) reduce the gap between rich and poor

34. The term iron curtain refers to the(1) scars left on the land by the trenches of World War I(2) no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the Persian Gulf War(3) border established between India and Pakistan after World War II(4) western boundary of Soviet domination in Europe during the Cold War

• French intent to recolonize Indo-China after World War II• United States desire to prevent the spread of communism• United States support for the French in Southeast Asia

35. These ideas are most closely associated with the(1) causes of the conflict in Vietnam(2) reasons for the Nationalist settlement of Taiwan(3) factors that led to the Korean War

(4) results of the Marshall Plan

Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

. . . (1) Internally, arouse the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, form a domestic united front under the leadership of the working class, and advance from this to the establishment of a state which is a people’s democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

(2) Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as equals and unite with the peoples of all countries. That is, ally ourselves with the Soviet Union, with the People’s Democracies and with the proletariat and the broad masses of the people in all other countries, and form an international united front. . . .

Source: Mao Tse-Tung [Mao Zedong], Selected Works, Volume Five, 1945–1949, New York International Publisher

36. In this passage, Mao Zedong is suggesting that China

(1) create a government under the leadership of industrialists(2) give up its independence and become a part of the Soviet Union(3) rely on the United Nations for economic aid

(4) join with the Soviet Union as a partner in communism

37. In this passage, Mao Zedong is using the ideas of(1) Thomas Malthus(2) Adam Smith(3) Karl Marx

(4) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek

38. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union signify the(1) end of the Cold War(2) collapse of the Taliban(3) strength of the Warsaw Pact

(4) power of the European Union

39. One way in which Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika are similar is that both

(1) allowed elements of capitalism within a communist economic system(2) strengthened their country’s military defenses(3) supported censorship of news and of personal correspondence

(4) increased tensions during the Cold War

40. Which set of events in 19th- and 20th-century Chinese history is in the correct chronological order?(1) Great Leap Forward → Opium Wars →Long March → Four Modernizations(2) Four Modernizations → Long March →Opium Wars → Great Leap Forward(3) Opium Wars →Long March →Great Leap Forward → Four Modernizations(4) Long March → Four Modernizations →Great Leap Forward → Opium Wars

41. Which factor most helped Communist Party forces gain control of China after World War II?(1) The United States sent weapons to the Communists.(2) The Japanese gave economic aid to the Nationalists.(3) The Communists gained the support of China’s peasant class.

(4) The Chinese Nationalists set up their own government in Taiwan.

Base your answer to question 42 on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Independent Africa, 1950–1980

Egypt

Liberia

Ethiopia

Namibia

1950Union of

South Africa

Independent countries

Colonies or dependencies

1980

42 Based on these maps, which statement is accurate? (1) Egypt and Ethiopia are no longer part of Africa.(2) By 1980, most African countries had become independent.

(3) By 1950, most of Africa was controlled by Russia or the United States.(4) The Union of South Africa was renamed Namibia

43. Which event illustrates the policy of containment? (1) Nuremberg trials (1945–1946)(2) Hungarian revolt (1956)(3) launching of Sputnik (1957)(4) naval blockade of Cuba (1962)

44. One similarity between the Korean War and theVietnam War is that both wars were(1) resolved through the diplomatic efforts of theUnited Nations(2) fought as a result of differing political ideologies during the Cold War(3) fought without foreign influence or assistance(4) caused by religious conflicts

“. . . The Communist party of the Soviet Union has been and remains a natural and inalienable part of social forces.Their cooperation will make it possible to attain the ultimate goal of Perestroika: to renew our society within the

framework of the socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a humane democratic socialism. . . .”

45. Which leader would most likely have made this statement?(1) Kwame Nkrumah (2) Mohandas Gandhi (3) Benito Mussolini (4) Mikhail Gorbachev