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Aquatic Ecosystems Video Notes

Prior Knowledge: Complete the “K” and “W” Sections of the K-W-L. Complete the “L” section when prompted in this lesson.

Aquatic Ecosystems K-W-LK

WhatI Know

WQuestions I

Have

LWhat I Learned

During This LessonAfter EVERY Video Write 1-2 Things You Learned

HERE


Aquatic Ecosystems Notes

• Aquatic ecosystems can be or

• ___________________________account for of Earth’s water. Only of all water on Earth is

Only about of all freshwater on Earth is for human use

Rivers and Streams:• Near the source there is plant life, but a

• Downstream build and plants establish themselves.

Lakes and Ponds: Food webs are based on

Water flows in and out and can between the surface and the bottom. Water circulation distributes

Freshwater Wetlands: Water saturates the soil Includes bogs, marshes and swamps. Water may in place. Nutrient rich, highly productive, and serve as for many organisms. Purifies water by Prevents by absorbing large amounts of water.

Estuaries are very important ecosystems where Affected by Light reaches the bottom to power

Serves as for ecologically and

commercially important fish and shellfish species.

Intertidal Ecosystems Think “ ”• at high tide and at low tide.• Organisms are adapted to:

• • •

Chemical Abiotic Factors:


Geographical Abiotic Factors:

Dissolved Oxygen The amount of is called dissolved oxygen (DO). DO determine the of organisms. Oxygen enters the water through

DO as water temperature and salinity increase.

pH Pure water has a pH of Freshwater has a pH of Saltwater has a pH of

o Organisms need a steady pHo Rainwater reacts with to create acid rain.o Acid rain and harms organisms.

Carbon Dioxide When oceans absorb Carbon Dioxide, the reaction that takes place produces , which

the the pH of seawater.o Increased Carbon Dioxide:

Causes Interferes with corals and other shell-making animals to make

Shell animals and species of occupy important spots in the ocean food web.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are that support plant growth.• Excess nutrients cause

o Algae Blooms:• Produce that make organisms ill.• Are often caused by • Severely , leading to illnesses in fish

and the death of large numbers of fish.Salinity• Salinity refers to the amount of dissolved in water.

o Freshwater ecosystems have a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt. Salinity levels are influenced by:


o Aquatic organisms are adapted to ocean water that is in a certain salinity range.o Salinity plays a critical role in the and

Amount of Light• Water depth strongly affects aquatic life in oceans and deep lakes because can

penetrate only a distance under water.o Zones are classified by the amount of sunlight they receive:

Photic Zone - “The Sunlit Zone” • Depth:

o Depending on if it is a lake, ocean, or swamp, the photic zone can reach a few to 200 meters deep.• Microscopic organisms who live here:

o – free floating , ex. photosynthetic algaeo – free floating that eat

phytoplankton & is generally the step in aquatic food webs.

Disphotic Zone - “The Twilight Zone”• So little light enters here that it is invisible to the human eye.

• Depth depends on how the water is.• and other objects can cloud the water, blocking light.

• Adaptions of Organisms :• • • •

Aphotic Zone - “The Midnight Zone” Deepest darkest zone

No Most of the food in this zone comes from to the bottom.

Adaptions of Organisms:

Topography Topography is the

Different organisms are to live at different elevations.

o There are many shapes of geographic features such as


Currents, Temperatures, and Circulation Aquatic Ecosystems are near the equator and near the poles. water is colder than water.

o Currents in deep lakes and oceans affect

Currents can carry warmer or cooler water than usual for any from shore.

Aquatic Ecosystems PowerPoint Notes Answer Key

1. Ecosystems are areas of living and non-living things interacting with each other.• Aquatic ecosystems can be marine or freshwater.

2. Oceans account for 97% of Earth’s water. Only 3% of all water on Earth is freshwater. Only about 1% of all freshwater on Earth is easily accessible for human use.

3. Freshwater Ecosystems are classified into three main categories:• Rivers and Streams • Lakes and Ponds • Freshwater Wetlands

4. Rivers and Streams:• Near the source there is little plant life, but a lot of dissolved oxygen.• Downstream, sediments build and plants establish themselves.

5. Lakes and Ponds: Food webs are based on plankton, algae, and plants. Water flows in and out and can circulate between the surface and the bottom. Water circulation distributes heat, oxygen, and nutrients.

6. Freshwater Wetlands: Water saturates the soil at least part of the year. Includes bogs, marshes and swamps. Water may flow or stay in place. Nutrient rich, highly productive, and serve as breeding grounds for many organisms. Purifies water by filtering pollutants. Prevents flooding by absorbing large amounts of water.

7. Estuaries are very important ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater. Affected by tides Light reaches the bottom to power photosynthesis Serves as spawning and nursery grounds for ecologically and commercially important fish and

shellfish species.


8. Estuaries are classified in two different categories: • Freshwater Saltmarshes• Mangrove Swamps• Freshwater Saltmarshes: temperate estuaries with salt tolerant plants.• Mangrove swamps : tropical estuaries with salt tolerant mangrove trees.

9. Marine Ecosystems are saltwater systems and can be classified into three types: Intertidal Ecosystems - Close to Shore Coastal Ocean Ecosystems - Farther from Shore Open Ocean Ecosystems - Farthest from Shore

Classification of these marine ecosystems is based on depth and distance from shore. 10. Intertidal Ecosystems

Think “seashore”• Submerged at high tide and exposed at low tide.• Organisms are adapted to:

• Waves • Currents • Extreme temperature changes

11. Coastal Open Ocean Ecosystems Area from the low-tide mark to the outer edge of the continental shelf.

o Examples of Coast Open Ecosystems: kelp forests coral reefs

12. Open Ocean Ecosystems The area begins at the end of the continental shelf and outward.

o 90% of the world’s oceans are considered open oceans.

13. Chemical Abiotic Factors: pH Dissolved Gas Nutrients Salinty

14. Geographical Abiotic Factors: Light and Depth Temperature and Currents Topography

15. Dissolved Oxygen The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is called dissolved oxygen (DO). DO determine the abundance and types of organisms. Oxygen enters the water through diffusion or photosynthesis. DO decreases as water temperature and salinity increase.

16. pH Pure water has a pH of 7


Freshwater has a pH of 6-8 Saltwater has a pH of 7.5-8.4

o Organisms need a steady pHo Rainwater reacts with air pollution to create acid raino Acid rain lowers the pH and harms organisms.

17. Carbon Dioxide When oceans absorb Carbon Dioxide, the reaction that takes place produces carbonic acid, which the

lowers the pH of seawater.o Increased Carbon Dioxide:

Causes ocean acidification Interferes with corals and other shell-making animals to make shells and skeletons. Shell animals and species of phytoplankton occupy important spots in the ocean food web.

18. Nitrogen and Phosphorus• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are limiting nutrients that support plant growth.• Excess nutrients cause algae blooms.

o Algae Blooms:• Produce bacteria and toxins that make organisms ill.• Are often caused by nutrient run-off• Severely reduce dissolved oxygen, leading to illnesses in fish and the death of large numbers of

fish.

19. Salinity• Salinity refers to the amount of salt dissolved in water.

o Freshwater ecosystems have a salinity of less than 0.5 ppt. Salinity levels are influenced by:

Rainfall Evaporation Saltwater intrusion Wind Melting of glaciers

o Aquatic organisms are adapted to ocean water that is in a certain salinity range.o Salinity plays a critical role in the water cycle and ocean circulation.

20. Amount of Light• Water depth strongly affects aquatic life in oceans and deep lakes because sunlight can penetrate only a

short distance under water.o Zones are classified by the amount of sunlight they receive:

Photic Zone Disphotic Zone Aphotic Zone


21. Photic Zone - “The Sunlit Zone” • Depth:

o Depending on if it is a lake, ocean, or swamp, the photic zone can reach a few to 200 meters deep.• Microscopic organisms who live here:

o Phytoplankton – free floating plants, ex. photosynthetic algaeo Zooplankton – free floating animals that eat phytoplankton & is generally the first step in aquatic

food webs.

22. Disphotic Zone - “The Twilight Zone”• So little light enters here that it is invisible to the human eye.

• Depth depends on how clear the water is.• Sediments and other objects can cloud the water, blocking light.

• Adaptions of Organisms :• Bioluminescence • Larger Mouths • Upturned Eyes • Opportunistic Feeders

23. Aphotic Zone - “The Midnight Zone” Deepest darkest zone

No photosynthesis Most of the food in this zone comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom.

Adaptions of Organisms: Bioluminescence Lateral Lines Larger Eyes

24. Benthic Zone – “Bottom Zone”All Aquatic Ecosystems Have Benthic Zones

Areas of rock and sediments on the bottoms aquatic ecosystems. o Organisms that live in benthic zones are called benthos.o If the benthic zone is in the photic zone, algae and aquatic plants can grow.o If the benthic zone is in the aphotic zone, chemosynthetic autotrophs are the only primary

producers.

25. Topography Topography is the arrangement of physical features in an ecosystems. Different organisms are adapted to live at different elevations.

o There are many shapes of geographic features such as Cliffs Rocks Shelves Trenches

26. Currents, Temperatures, and Circulation©2016 Science Is Real! By Ana Ulrich

Aquatic Ecosystems are warmer near the equator and colder near the poles. Deeper water is colder than surface water.

o Currents in deep lakes and oceans affect water temperature. Currents can carry warmer or cooler water than usual for any latitude, depth, or distance

from shore.


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