Citation:

Chapter 16. Insecticides. Pages 360-446. In: Insect-Pest Management and Control. Principles of Plant and Animal Pest Control. Washington DC, National Academy of Sciences (United States). Volume 3. Publication 1695, Third Printing, 508 pages.

Keywords: History and principles of insecticidal control, chemical control, classification and chemistry, inorganic insecticides, organic insecticides, botanicals and derivatives, pyrethrums, pyrethrins, thicyanates, dinitrophenols, sulfonates, sulfides, sulfones, sulfites, chlorinated hydrocarbons, DDT, organophosphorus esters, parathion, carbamates, carbaryl, oils, insecticide development research, development of an insecticide, screening programs, formulation, field evaluation, development of analytical methods, metabolism studies, animal toxicity, economics of research and development, toxicity and fate of insecticides, mode of action, specificity, insect resistance to insecticides, degradation and fate in the environment, plants, and animals, insecticide application, selection of appropriate insecticides and formulations, efficacy, compatibility, phytotoxicity, joint action of chemicals, persistence, side effects and food-chain involvement, selectivity, timing and frequency of application, insecticides in combination with other pesticides and fertilizers, dispersal problems during and after

application, drift in air, dispersal in soil and water, leaching, application equipment, hydraulic sprayers, multipurpose sprayers, conventional low-pressure, low-volume sprayers, high-pressure, high-volume sprayers, air-blast sprayers, dusters, aerosol generators, aircraft application, hand application equipment, intermittent and continuous pressure sprayers, aerosol bombs, compressed air sprayers, knapsack sprayers, bucket, barrel, and wheelbarrow sprayers, hose sprayers, livestock, animal pesticide application, dipping vats, back rubbers, pour-on applicators, fumigants, sorption and residues, concentration x time products, important high-vapor-pressure fumigants, phosphine, hydrogen cyanide, ethylene oxide, sulfuryl fluoride, soil fumigants, application equipment, precautions for safe handling of fumigants, insecticides and human safety, pesticide regulation and registration, registration procedure, establishment of residue tolerance in food, experimental permits and temporary tolerances, foreign registrations, research needs, studies of the effects of insecticides on the environment, improvement of application techniques and equipment, fumigant research needs, research on effects of pesticides on human health and safety