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Asexual Reproduction
Only one parent is required and offspring are genetically identical to their parents. A clone is an identical genetic copy
Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission (to split into two)
A single parent cell replicates its genetic material and divides into two equal partsExample - Single celled eukaryotic organisms such as amoeba
Prokaryotes such as bacteria use this method of reproduction but as they do not have a nucleus do not undergo mitosis as part of their cell cycle
BuddingA bud is an outgrowth, which may detach from the parent.Example - simple multicellular organisms such as hydra and yeast have only a few types of cells and can produce a colony or new individual cells.
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FragmentationIf a fragment (part) of an organism breaks away from the parent it develop into a clone of its parentExample seastars and milfoil an aquatic weed
Vegetative ReproductionSome plants can produce structures that can develop into a new plant Examples – tulip and daffodil bulbs, potato eyes, strawberry runners
Spore formationA spore is a reproductive cell produced by mitosis. It has a tough outer coating so it can survive until conditions are favourableExamples – bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi
Cuttings and GraftingA section of a stem is removed, cell division causes root tissue to develop often with the addition of a plant hormone.Some plants cannot grow from cuttings and the cutting (scion) is attached to a similar species with a healthy root system (rootstock).