Web 2.0, brugerinvolvering og sociale teknologier

Lennart Björneborn

Danmarks BiblioteksskoleLB@db.dk

KAF-kursus 24-27.3.2009

indhold Web 2.0 = ’participatory web’

Web 2.0 = ’PIM’ + ’social media’

Web 2.0 = brugerskabte

adfærdsspor + social navigation flere ’affordances’/brugspotentialer

for at sætte spor og følge spor

Web 2.0: sociale ’byggesten’

Web 2.0 og Homo Ludens ’funability’ :-)

M.C. Escher: House of Stairs, 1951

New technologies alter the structure of our interests: the things we think about.

They alter the character of our symbols: the things we think with.

Neil Postman, Technopoly, 1993

”The Web, the Semantic Web, the Web 2.0, and Social Networks are all manifestations of the success of the link.” - Hypertext 2009 Conference: www.ht2009.org

”… vi er på vej ind i linkenes tidsalder … The Link Age …Fremover vil man se links, relationer, som mere fundamentale.” - Nørretranders (2007). Civilisation 2.0. s. 12

‘memex’ = ’memory extender’

Vannevar Bush: ’As we may think’The Atlantic Monthly, juli 1945

videnskabelig kreativitet hæmmes fordi indekseringsmetoder ikke støtter forbindelser på tværs af klassifikationshierarkier

‘trails’ = hyperlinks, relationer mellem tekster – svarende til associationer i hjernen (Bush)

Ted Nelson, 1965 – ’hypertext’

’Libraries of the Future’ (Licklider, 1963) “et intermedie … der gennem et stik i væggen forbinder maskinen med et vidensunderstøttende offentligt netværk”

- computere bruges til kommunikation + samarbejde = relationer

- jf. Douglas Engelbart: human + social augmentation

Tim Berners-Lee CERN, 1989/1990

“power in arranging ideas in an unconstrained, weblike way” “… decentralised, organic growth of ideas, technology, and society.

… allows us to grow faster than we ever could when we were fettered by the

hierarchical classification systems into which we bound ourselves”

Berners-Lee (1999). Weaving the Web.

WWW = Internet + hypertextWWW = Internet + hypertext

PIM + social media info.systemer til både personlig info.management (PIM)

og verdensomspændende videndeling / samarbejde

PIM: Personal Info. Management

Jones, William (2008). Keeping Found Things Found: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management.

fra PIM til ’WIM’ og derimellem

redskaber til Information Management (IM)

Person

Group

Organization

Society

World

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’OIM’ fx: CERN intranet

’WIM’ fx: WWW

’SIM’ fx: bibliotek.dk

PIM fx: Bush ’Memex’

GIM fx: fællesmail

© Björneborn

WWW: PIM/GIM OIM WIM LIM/SIM

L Localization ’LIM’ fx: wiki for byen Davis, Calif.

Ericsson Medialab

Internet = computer-netværk

WWW = dokument-netværk

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Web 2.0 = person-netværk

”networked individualism” (Wellmann et al. 2003)”networked individualism” (Wellmann et al. 2003)

web 2.0 = PIM + social media

Web 2.0 = “participatory Web” = “architecture of participation” Web 2.0 = bottom-up = “user-added value”

Web 2.0 = buzzword: Tim O’Reilly 2004

Web 2.0 = connect + create + collaborate + share + remix + ..

interpersonelle, sociale medier til interaktion, videndeling, samarbejde

blogs, RSS, wikis, tagging, folksonomier, sociale netværkssteder, mm.

Web 2.0 = Web “0.0” = Tim Berners-Lee’s idé med WWW 1989/1990

redskaber til videndeling og samarbejde

web 2.0 = social software

”… supports, extends, or derives added value from human social behaviour …”Tom Coates’ blog: www.plasticbag.org/archives/2005/01/an_addendum_to_a_definition_of

_social_software

“2.0”-tilgang = brugerskabte adfærdsspor og navigationsmuligheder

nyt brugerbegreb…

deltagere i st.f. modtagere medaktører medskabere producenter + formidlere +

konsumenter informationsarkitekter …?

web 2.0 =

= ’what’s in it for me?’ (PIM)

= ’that may help you too?’ (social media)

= egoisme til fælles gavn :-) (Web 2.0 = PIM + social media)

+ Me = Us

’networked individualism’

’collective intelligence’

web 2.0:

(O’Reilly 2005)

www.wikimindmap.org

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:HNL_Wiki_Wiki_Bus.jpg

’wiki-wiki’ = ’super quick’ (Hawaii)

wiki = ’quick web’ – startet 1995

ISBN i Wikipedia

Jakob Voss: http://wm.sieheauch.de

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia

Adamic & Glance (2005).The Political Blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. Election.

’blogometrics’

blogpulse.com

del.icio.us

‘social tagging’ / ‘distributed classification’

‘social tagging’ / ‘distributed classification’

citeulike.org

librarything.comlibrarything.com

www.steve.museum

social tagging in museums

art museums integrate folksonomies into museum webs

visitors add subject tags to museum online collections

“use folksonomic classification to improve access”

Trant et al. (2006). Exploring the potential for social tagging and folksonomy in art museums.

Millen et al. (2006). Dogear: social bookmarking in the enterprise

[...]

web 2.0 = brugerskabte adfærdsspor ”information traces” / ”social cues” (Dieberger et al. 2000)

adfærdsspor = tags, kommentarer, rating (+ alle andre web 2.0-ting)

“read wear” / “edit wear” (Hill et al. 1992)

‘wear’ = brug, slid ‘read wear’: fx ‘æselører’ (‘dog-ears’ :-) ‘edit wear’: fx wikis

IBM Dogear = intranet 2.0

jf. Bush (1945): ’trails’jf. Bush (1945): ’trails’

web 2.0 = social navigation (via andres adfærdsspor)

’social navigation’ (Dourish & Chalmers 1994)

Dourish & Chalmers (1994). Running out of space: models of information navigation. Proc. of HCI'94. www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/hci94.pdf

“moving through an information space and exploiting the activities and orientations of others in that space” (Dourish 2003)

to fundamentale aspekter ved social navigation: ”presence of multiple individuals within some space” ”communication of aspects of their activity to each other” (Dourish 2003)

Dourish (2003). Where the footprints lead: tracking down other roles for social navigation. pp. 273-291. In: Höök, K. et al. (eds.). Designing Information Spaces: the Social Navigation Approach. Springer-Verlag

web 2.0 = ’social hypertext’ websider + links = repræsentationer af mennesker + interesser

Erickson (1996). The World Wide Web as social hypertext.

social navigation / søgestrategi baseret på vores sociale viden: find en, der ved noget, eller find en, der kender en, der ved noget

Web 2.0 = social hypertext interpersonelle, sociale medier til

interaktion, samarbejde og videndeling

“2.0” = udvidede ‘affordances’ for brugerskabte spor + social navigation

dvs. flere brugspotentialer for at sætte egne spor og følge andres spor

personal traces and social navigation in tag networks

taggers(creators)

tags(concepts)

taggees(instances)

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© Björneborn

’multi-reachability’ = many different paths from one node to another= ’small-world’ distances serendipity

’participation inequality’

”90–9–1” regel (Nielsen 2006) 90% ’lurkers’ (’osere’) 9% sporadiske bidragydere 1% hyperaktive bidragydere

blogs = 95–5–0,1 wikipedia = 99,8–0,2–0,003

”legitimate peripheral participation” (Lave & Wenger 1990) ok at være ’lurker’ ’lurkers’ observer, imiterer, afprøver, lærer = socialiseres ind i praksisfællesskab

(jf. Hemetsberger & Reinhardt 2004) ’learning by participating’

www.useit.com/alertbox/participation_inequality.html

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http://blogs.forrester.com/groundswell/2007/04/forresters_new_.html

deltagelses-’stien’

“awareness of others and their actions make us feel that the space is alive and might make it more inviting” ”social presence” + ”populated space”

(Dieberger et al. 2000)

“awareness of others and their actions make us feel that the space is alive and might make it more inviting” ”social presence” + ”populated space”

(Dieberger et al. 2000)

’social affordances’

Wellman et al. (2003). The social affordances of the Internet for networked individualism.

(Smith 2007)(Adamic 2003)

Identity - uniquely identifying people in the system

Presence - knowing who is online, available or otherwise nearby

Relationships - describing how two users in the system are related

Conversations - talking to other people through the system

Groups - forming communities of interest

Reputation - knowing the status of other people in the system

- who can be trusted?

Sharing - sharing things that are meaningful to participants

‘Social Software Building Blocks’ (Smith 2007)

http://nform.ca/publications/social-software-building-block

jf. ‘sociability’ (Preece 2001)jf. ‘sociability’ (Preece 2001)

Facebook

’Homo Ludens’/ ’Creative Man’

Huizinga (1938). ‘Homo Ludens’ Institut for Fremtidsforskning (2004). ‘Creative Man’

jf. ‘funability’ / ‘funology’ fx Blythe et al. (2003)

jf. web 2.0 fx Spalding, Tim (2006). Is your OPAC fun? (a manifesto of sorts). http://www.librarything.com/thingology/2006/12/is-your-opac-fun-manifesto-of-sorts.php

- spørgsmål?- kommentarer?