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Weathering Weathering GPH 111

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Page 1: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

WeatheringWeatheringWeatheringWeathering

GPH 111GPH 111

Page 2: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Game Plan:Weathering Game Plan:Weathering Game Plan:Weathering Game Plan:

What is WEATHERINGWEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology?

Major TYPESTYPES of weathering How does climate affect

weathering?

What is WEATHERINGWEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology?

Major TYPESTYPES of weathering How does climate affect

weathering?

Page 3: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

What is Weathering?What is Weathering?What is Weathering?What is Weathering?

The collective processes that lead to the The collective processes that lead to the surface and sub-surface disintegration and surface and sub-surface disintegration and dissolution of rock. The major types include dissolution of rock. The major types include physical, chemical, and biological weathering.physical, chemical, and biological weathering.

The collective processes that lead to the The collective processes that lead to the surface and sub-surface disintegration and surface and sub-surface disintegration and dissolution of rock. The major types include dissolution of rock. The major types include physical, chemical, and biological weathering.physical, chemical, and biological weathering.

Page 4: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering within GeomorphologyWeathering within GeomorphologyWeathering within GeomorphologyWeathering within Geomorphology

Sierra Estrella MountainsSierra Estrella Mountainsand the Gila Riverand the Gila River

Page 5: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesSalt WeatheringSheetingSolutionFrost ActionOxidationHydrationHydrolysisThermal Expansion

Salt WeatheringSheetingSolutionFrost ActionOxidationHydrationHydrolysisThermal Expansion

Page 6: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Weathering Weathering ProcessesProcesses ChemicalChemical

_________ - Minerals chemically combine with water

_________ - Mineral breakdown through contact with Oxygen (Rust)

_________ - Mineral absorption of water causes swelling and stress

_________ - Mineral dissolution by water

Examples: Spheroidal Weathering, Karst Topography, Gnamma Pits

PhysicalPhysical_________ - Water freezing induced expansion

_________ - Mineral crystal growth induced expansion

_________ - Pressure released expansion through unloading

_________ - Rapid heating from lightning and fires

Examples - Exfoliation Domes and talus slopes

ExtraExtra

ChemicalChemical_________ - Minerals chemically combine with water

_________ - Mineral breakdown through contact with Oxygen (Rust)

_________ - Mineral absorption of water causes swelling and stress

_________ - Mineral dissolution by water

Examples: Spheroidal Weathering, Karst Topography, Gnamma Pits

PhysicalPhysical_________ - Water freezing induced expansion

_________ - Mineral crystal growth induced expansion

_________ - Pressure released expansion through unloading

_________ - Rapid heating from lightning and fires

Examples - Exfoliation Domes and talus slopes

ExtraExtra

Page 7: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Weathering Weathering ProcessesProcesses ChemicalChemical

Hydrolysis - Minerals chemically combine with water

Oxidation - Mineral breakdown through contact with Oxygen (Rust)

Hydration - Mineral absorption of water causes swelling and stress

Solution - Mineral dissolution by water into their ionic form

Examples: Spheroidal Weathering, Karst Topography, Gnamma Pits

PhysicalPhysicalFrost Action - Water freezing induced expansion

Crystallization - Mineral crystal growth induced expansion

Sheeting - Pressure released expansion through unloading

Thermal Expansion - Rapid heating from lightning and fires

Examples - Exfoliation Domes and talus slopes

ExtraExtra

ChemicalChemicalHydrolysis - Minerals chemically combine with water

Oxidation - Mineral breakdown through contact with Oxygen (Rust)

Hydration - Mineral absorption of water causes swelling and stress

Solution - Mineral dissolution by water into their ionic form

Examples: Spheroidal Weathering, Karst Topography, Gnamma Pits

PhysicalPhysicalFrost Action - Water freezing induced expansion

Crystallization - Mineral crystal growth induced expansion

Sheeting - Pressure released expansion through unloading

Thermal Expansion - Rapid heating from lightning and fires

Examples - Exfoliation Domes and talus slopes

ExtraExtra

Page 8: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical Weathering Chemical Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Chemical Weathering Chemical Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Weathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesHydrolysis OxidationHydrationSolution

Associated Weathering LandformsAssociated Weathering LandformsSpheriodal WeatheringKarst TopographyGnama Pits

Weathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesHydrolysis OxidationHydrationSolution

Associated Weathering LandformsAssociated Weathering LandformsSpheriodal WeatheringKarst TopographyGnama Pits

Page 9: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical Chemical WeatheringWeatheringChemical Chemical

WeatheringWeathering Hydrolysis Hydrolysis

Feldspar (K, Al, Si, O) + carbonic acid and water residual clays (Kaolinite) + dissolved minerals + Si

Minerals chemically combine with water, substituting silica for hydrogen and weathering individual mineral grains

This process removes CO2 from the atmosphere, counteracting global warming

Page 10: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical WeatheringChemical WeatheringChemical WeatheringChemical Weathering Oxidation Oxidation

Iron bearing minerals (like biotite) combine with Oxygen to generate oxides and softer clay minerals.

Rusted railway car; that has undergone oxidation

Page 11: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical WeatheringChemical WeatheringChemical WeatheringChemical Weathering Oxidation Oxidation

The Wave, Southern UtahWupatki, Northern Arizona

Page 12: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical Chemical WeatheringWeatheringChemical Chemical

WeatheringWeathering Hydration - Clay

minerals absorb moisture along their cleavage planes, dramatically increasing in volume.

Hydration - Clay minerals absorb moisture along their cleavage planes, dramatically increasing in volume.

Page 13: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Chemical Chemical WeatheringWeatheringChemical Chemical

WeatheringWeathering Solution Solution

Minerals can dissolve into ions with water, like dissolving sugar in coffee

Water is the universal solvent, capable of dissolving at least 57 of the natural elements

Page 14: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Karst TopographyKarst Topography - generated through solution mostly into limestone bedrock

Karst TopographyKarst Topography - generated through solution mostly into limestone bedrock

Page 15: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Caves and Caverns

Page 16: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

SinkholesSinkholesSinkholesSinkholes Karst

Topography Can Be Associated with Extensive Damage (Sink Holes)

Karst Topography Can Be Associated with Extensive Damage (Sink Holes)

Page 17: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform Spheroidal Weathering - Chemical

weathering attacks all surface areas, rounding sharp edges into spheroid shapes.

Spheroidal Weathering - Chemical weathering attacks all surface areas, rounding sharp edges into spheroid shapes.

Page 18: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Page 19: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering
Page 20: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering
Page 21: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform Gnamma Pits - How do you think these guys

form, what chemical weathering processes could affect their growth?

Gnamma Pits - How do you think these guys form, what chemical weathering processes could affect their growth?

Page 22: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering
Page 23: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Weathering Physical Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Physical Weathering Physical Weathering ProcessesProcesses

Weathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesFrost ActionSalt WeatheringSheetingThermal Expansion

Associated Weathering LandformsAssociated Weathering LandformsTalus SlopesExfoliation Domes

Weathering ProcessesWeathering ProcessesFrost ActionSalt WeatheringSheetingThermal Expansion

Associated Weathering LandformsAssociated Weathering LandformsTalus SlopesExfoliation Domes

Page 24: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering Frost Action - Where water seeps into

rock weaknesses during day, then freezes and expands at night--breaking the rock apart.

Frost Action - Where water seeps into rock weaknesses during day, then freezes and expands at night--breaking the rock apart.

Page 25: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Page 26: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering
Page 27: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform Chemical weathering rounds rocks--physical

weathering generates angular rocks. Talus Slope - A pile of angular rock fragments

Chemical weathering rounds rocks--physical weathering generates angular rocks.

Talus Slope - A pile of angular rock fragments

Page 28: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical WeatheringPhysical WeatheringPhysical WeatheringPhysical Weathering Crystallizatio

n - Where mineral rich water seeps into rock, evaporates, and allows the dissolved solids to crystallize, breaking the rock apart.

Crystallization - Where mineral rich water seeps into rock, evaporates, and allows the dissolved solids to crystallize, breaking the rock apart.

Page 29: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering SheetingSheeting - Buried rocks are under

tremendous pressure and once uncovered, pressure drop sharply and the rocks rebound.

SheetingSheeting - Buried rocks are under tremendous pressure and once uncovered, pressure drop sharply and the rocks rebound.

GraniteSandstone

Only non-water Only non-water related processrelated process

Page 30: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Weathering Weathering LandformLandform

Exfoliation Exfoliation DomeDome - Develop after extensive unloading and sheeting.

Exfoliation Exfoliation DomeDome - Develop after extensive unloading and sheeting.

Enchanted Rock, Texas

Half Dome, CA

Page 31: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion -

Rocks dramatically heated by forest firesforest fires can explode when water absorbed in the rock flashes to steam.

Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion - Rocks dramatically heated by forest firesforest fires can explode when water absorbed in the rock flashes to steam.

Page 32: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering Thermal Expansion - Rocks dramatically heated

by lightning lightning can explode when water absorbed in the rock flashes to steam.

Thermal Expansion - Rocks dramatically heated by lightning lightning can explode when water absorbed in the rock flashes to steam.

Page 33: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering

Physical Physical WeatheringWeathering Thermal Expansion - Different rates of

mineral expansion and water absorption throughout numerous day and night cycles.

Thermal Expansion - Different rates of mineral expansion and water absorption throughout numerous day and night cycles.

Page 34: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Extra WeatheringExtra WeatheringExtra WeatheringExtra Weathering Root Growth - Root growth extends into rock

fractures, expand and bust the rock apart Root Growth - Root growth extends into rock

fractures, expand and bust the rock apart

Page 35: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering
Page 36: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Where do you think the Where do you think the different weathering different weathering

processes dominate on the processes dominate on the planet?planet?

Where do you think the Where do you think the different weathering different weathering

processes dominate on the processes dominate on the planet?planet?

In the Amazon (Tropical Rainforest) Serengeti of Africa (Savanna) Death Valley (Arid) Minnesota (Humid Continental) The Sierras (High Alpine) Alabama (Humid subtropical)

In the Amazon (Tropical Rainforest) Serengeti of Africa (Savanna) Death Valley (Arid) Minnesota (Humid Continental) The Sierras (High Alpine) Alabama (Humid subtropical)

Make a list for each one!!!Make a list for each one!!!

Page 37: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Importance of Surface Importance of Surface AreaArea

Importance of Surface Importance of Surface AreaArea

What will weather quicker, one hugehuge boulder or a huge boulder broken down into a bunch of smallersmaller boulders? Why?

What will weather quicker, one hugehuge boulder or a huge boulder broken down into a bunch of smallersmaller boulders? Why?

Page 38: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

What does Weathering DO?What does Weathering DO?What does Weathering DO?What does Weathering DO?

The in situ disintegration of rock supplied by tectonic (and isostatic) rock input!

The in situ disintegration of rock supplied by tectonic (and isostatic) rock input!

Page 39: WeatheringWeathering GPH 111. Weathering Game Plan: WEATHERING What is WEATHERING and how does it fit within gemorphology? TYPES Major TYPES of weathering

Things to Know:Things to Know:Things to Know:Things to Know:What is weatheringweathering Chemical processes round edges,

physical processes generate anglesTypes of chemicalchemical weathering and

associated landformsTypes of physicalphysical weathering and

associated landforms Importance of SURFACE AREASURFACE AREA

What is weatheringweathering Chemical processes round edges,

physical processes generate anglesTypes of chemicalchemical weathering and

associated landformsTypes of physicalphysical weathering and

associated landforms Importance of SURFACE AREASURFACE AREA

Need Help: WMNeed Help: WM


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