weathering, erosion & deposition ess 2015-16. weathering the breaking up of rock into smaller...
DESCRIPTION
Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering breaks down bonds holding the rocks together, thus they fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces.TRANSCRIPT
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Weathering, Erosion & Deposition
ESS 2015-16
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Weathering•The breaking up of rock into smaller pieces
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Chemical Weathering•Chemical weathering breaks down bonds holding the rocks together, thus they fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces.
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Chemical Weathering•More common where there is a lot of water.
•Water is important to many of the chemical reactions that can take place.
•More common where temperatures are warmer.
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Chemical WeatheringMost common types of chemical weathering•Oxidation•Hydrolysis •Dissolution •Plant acid •Hydration
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Oxidation•Rocks containing metals are combined with oxygen to form “rusts”. •The areas in these rocks that are oxidized are weaker & thus more susceptible to physical weathering.
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Hydrolysis•A reaction with water in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water •Affects silicate and carbonate minerals. •Pure water ionizes & reacts with silicate minerals.
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HydrolysisExample
Mg2SiO4 + 4H+ + 4OH- ⇌ 2Mg2+ + 4OH- + H4SiO4
Olivine (forsterite) + 4 ionized H2O molecules ⇌ ions in solution + silicic acid in solution
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Dissolution•Slightly acidic water dissolves rock.•Carbonic acid •Sulfuric Acid
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DissolutionWhen carbonic acid is combined with a mineral like calcite (CaCO3), calcium and bicarbonate ions are released and carried off by groundwater.
CaCO3 + H2CO3 Ca+2 + 2 HCO-3
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Marble & Limeston
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Dissolution•Sulfurous gas (volcanoes & factories) can dissolve in water to form sulfuric acid.
Acid Rain •SO2 + H2O H2SO4
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Plant Acid•Mosses and lichens produce weak acids that dissolve the minerals that hold rocks together.
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Hydration•H+ and OH- ions attach to the atoms & molecules of a mineral.• Increases volume within rock, creates stress & breaks rock down
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Rates of weathering Factors :
•Amount of surface area exposed to chemical weathering•Type of mineral•Climate•Especially warm & wet
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