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Dipayal
Dadeldhura
Dhangadhi
Jumla
Surkhet
Nepalgunj Dang
Bhairahawa
Pokhara
Simara
Kathmandu
Okhaldhunga
Dhankuta
Biratnagar
Taplejung
-0.2 0.2 1 2 3 4
WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL YEAR – 2014
Warm Monsoon 2014: Monsoon average maximum temperature departure from normal
Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Climatology Division, Climate Section
Kathmandu, Nepal Jestha 2075 (May 2018)
Monsoon average rainfall over Nepal
(Below Normal)
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Nagpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal.
ANNUAL WEATHER SUMMARY OF 2014
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 HIGHLIGHTS
Rainfall plays a vital role in the proper management of agriculture and water resources of Nepal.
Deficit in rainfall can severely reduce the agricultural production leading to the food insecurity and
famine in severe case in many parts of the country and create shortage of water in rivers and
reservoirs which can aggravate the existing drinking water and electricity problem. Similarly, excess
rainfall can destroy the agricultural production and increase the incidence of floods and landslides.
Therefore, a small discrepancy in rainfall can have a significant impact on socioeconomic conditions
of the country.
Rainfall is an important meteorological parameter for the country like Nepal where the gross product
of the country depends moreover with the agricultural products, especially the season monsoon. It is a
major role of the meteorological sector like us to give the output of the annual data in publication
format. This report is the overall analysis of the climate for the year 2014.
Winter in 2014 remained drier than normal except the southern parts of the western regions with the
northern parts of the western and adjoining mid-western lands. Winter rainfall was below normal in
almost the entire country and less than 60% in large parts of the country. Pre-monsoon recorded
normal to below normal rainfall. Monsoon this year advanced into the eastern Nepal on 20th June
delayed by 10 days from the normal onset date of 10th June. Monsoon was active mainly in July,
August and September with normal to above normal rainfall over large parts of the country. In July
however, rainfall was normal to below normal in Eastern, Central and Western Regions. Monsoon
retreat this year was on 7th of October delayed by 14 days. Post-monsoon rainfall was mostly normal
to above normal. Temperature especially the maximum temperature largely remained above normal in
2014. Minimum temperature though was normal to above normal most of the time, however in Pre-
monsoon, minimum temperature remained above normal in large parts of the country.
1.2 DATA USED
Total seasonal rainfall/temperature data from 72 stations were used for the analysis (Table 1). Some
stations had irregular data during the year and were not used for the annual weather analysis. The
stations with irregular data are included only in the monthly and seasonal weather analysis for which
data is available. Percentage of rainfall compared to the normal value is calculated to study the excess
or deficit of rainfall. Similarly, seasonal contribution to the annual total rainfall has also been
computed (Table 2). In case of temperature, seasonal and annual maximum and minimum
temperature along with the departure from normal have been computed and presented in Table 3. For
rainfall, ± 10% i.e. 90% to 110% of the normal rainfall is considered as near normal to normal and for
temperature ± 0.2 °C anomaly is considered as normal. Normal used in this report is the average of
the period 1981-2010. The location of the stations is shown in Fig. 1.
2
27
28
29
30
BA
ITA
DI
DA
DE
LD
HU
RA
SU
ND
AR
PU
R
DA
RC
HU
LA
CH
AIN
PU
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ES
T)
BA
JUR
A
DH
AN
GA
DH
I
MA
NG
AL
SE
ND
IPA
YA
L (
DO
TI)
JUM
LA
MA
GM
A
DU
NA
ID
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H
JAJA
RK
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PA
LG
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J A
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LIB
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G G
AU
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AIR
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RK
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3
Table 1: List of Stations
Index No
Stations Station Category
Latitude (deg. min.)
Longitude (deg. min.)
Elevation (m)
0102 Baitadi C 29°33' 80°25' 1635
0104 Dadeldhura S 29°18' 80°35' 1848
0105 Sundarpur Ag 29°02' 80°13' 176
0107 Darchula C 29°51' 80°34' 1097
0202 Chainpur (West) C 29°33' 80°25' 1635
0204 Bajura C 29°23' 81°19' 1400
0209 Dhangadhi S 28°41' 80°36' 170
0217 Mangalsen P 29°09' 81°17' 1345
0218 Dipayal ( Doti ) S 29°15' 80°57' 617
0303 Jumla S 29°17' 82°10' 2300
0308 Nagma P 29°12' 81°54' 1905
0312 Dunai C 28°56' 82°55' 2058
0402 Dailekh C 28°51' 81°43' 1402
0404 Jajarkot P 28°42' 82°12' 1231
0406 Surkhet (Birendra Nagar ) S 28°36' 81°37' 670
0408 Gulariya P 28°10' 81°21' 215
0420 Nepalgunj S, A 28°06' 81°40' 165
0504 Libang Gaun C 28°18' 82°38' 1270
0505 Bijuwar Tar P 28°06' 82°52' 823
0511 Salyan Bazar C 28°23' 82°10' 1457
0513 Chaurjhari Tar C 28°38' 82°12' 910
0515 Dang ( Ghorai ) S 28°03' 82°30' 634
0601 Jomsom C 28°47' 83°43' 2744
0605 Baglung C 28°16' 83°36' 984
0609 Beni Bazar C 28°21' 83°34' 835
0614 Kusma C 28°13' 83°42' 891
0702 Tansen C 27°52' 83°32' 1067
0705 Bhairahawa S, A 27°31' 83°26' 109
0706 Dumkauli Ag 27°41' 84°13' 154
0715 Khanchikot C 27°56' 83°09' 1760
0716 Taulihawa C 27°33' 83°04' 94
0725 Tamghas C 28°04' 83°15' 1530
0728 Semari C 27°32' 83°45' 154
0802 Khudi Bazar C 28°17' 84°22' 823
0804 Pokhara S, A 28°13' 84°00' 827
0805 Syangja C 28°06' 83°53' 868
0809 Gorkha Ag 28°00' 84°37' 1097
0814 Lumle Ag 28°18' 83°48' 1740
0815 Khairanitar Ag 28°02' 84°06' 500
0816 Chame C 28°33' 84°14' 2680
0902 Rampur Ag 27°37' 84°25' 256
4
0906 Hetauda C 27°25' 85°03' 474
0909 Simara S, A 27°10' 84°59' 130
0910 Nijgadh P 27°11' 85°10' 244
0918 Birgunj P 27°00' 84°52' 91
0922 Gaur C 26°46' 85°18' 90
1004 Nuwakot C 27°55' 85°10' 1003
1005 Dhading P 27°52' 84°56' 1420
1022 Godavari C 27°35' 85°24' 1400
1027 Bahrabise P 27°47' 85°54' 1220
1030 Kathmandu S, A 27°42’ 85°22’ 1336
1036 Panchkhal C 27°41' 85°38' 865
1043 Nagarkot C 27°42’ 85°31’ 2163
1055 Dhunche C 28°06’ 85°18’ 1982
1073 Khokana C 27°46’ 85°25’ 1490
1103 Jiri Ag 27°38’ 86°14’ 2003
1107 Sindhuli Madhi C 27°17' 85°58' 1463
1111 Janakpur C 26°43' 85°58' 90
1122 Jalesore C 26°39' 85°47' 172
1123 Manthali P 27°28' 86°05' 495
1206 Okhaldhunga S 27°19' 86°30' 1720
1211 Khotang Bazar C 27°02' 86°50' 1295
1215 Lahan Ag 26°44' 86°26' 138
1223 Rajbiraj C 26°33' 86°45' 91
1303 Chainpur ( East ) C 27°17' 87°20' 1329
1307 Dhankuta S 26°59' 87°21' 1210
1311 Dharan C 26°49' 87°17' 444
1314 Terhathum C 27°08' 87°33' 1633
1319 Biratnagar S, A 26°29' 87°16' 72
1405 Taplejung S 27°21' 87°40' 1732
1407 Ilam Ag 26°55' 87°54' 1300
1419 Phidim C 27°09' 87°45' 1205
1421 Kankai Ag 26°35' 87°54' 143
Note: S, A = Synoptic and Aeronautical , S = Synoptic, Ag = Agro-meteorological, C = Climatological, P = Precipitation
2. SEASONAL WEATHER
Seasonal analysis
Seasons are divided into winter (December previous year-February), Pre-monsoon (March-May),
Monsoon (June-September) and Post-monsoon (October-November). Seasonal rainfall and
temperature analysis have been described in this section.
5
2.1 Winter season (December 2013– February 2014)
Rainfall
Winter (December previous year-February) is the driest season compared to other seasons in Nepal,
amounting about 3.5% of total annual rainfall. The winter rainfall was comparatively below normal
than the previous year in 2013. The total seasonal rainfall as usual was more in the north western
parts and less towards the east (Fig. 2.1a). Eastern Region received lesser rainfall during the entire 3
months of the winter season. It varied from 3.5mm in the Eastern Region to 203.4 mm in the Far
Western Region (Table 2.2). Rainfall was normal to above normal, the highest in the dry zone of the
country, over western half of Western Region and south-western corner of the Far-western Region.
Rainfall was below normal Eastern Region and most of Central Region with southern part of Mid-
western and northwestern corner of the Far-western region (Fig. 2.1b). December 2013 was dry and
January 2014 recorded below normal rainfall in most of the eastern parts with very less rainfall.
However, rainfall was received throughout the country except pockets of central and northern parts of
all regions over the country in February. Annual contribution of rainfall in winter was less than 5% in
almost eastern half of the country and isolated areas in the mid and far western region. The maximum
annual contribution for winter season lied in the western region at Nagma (20.9%).
Western disturbances, the upper air westerly troughs (low pressure system), are the main rain bearing
weather systems in winter. This year, the frequency of western disturbances was less than normal and
those western disturbances also did not pass over Nepal until February, moving north-eastward
towards Tibet, slightly affecting only northwestern parts of Nepal. These two are the main causes for
dry winter this year in Nepal.
6
Fig 2.1a: Winter rainfall (mm)
Fig. 2.1b: Winter rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)
7
Fig. 2.1c: Winter rainfall as a percentage of annual rainfall
Temperature
Temperature wise this year, the daily maximum temperature in winter was warmer than normal in
large parts of the country (Fig. 2.1e) especially in northern parts. Central part of Western and central
Region, western corner of Far western region and Southern parts of the country, however, recorded
the normal to below normal maximum temperature. The maximum temperature varied between less
than 12°C in the northwestern parts of Western region and adjoining parts of Mid western Region to
above 24°C in the southeastern corner of Eastern region (Fig. 2.1d & Table 2.3).
Minimum temperature remained normal to warmer than normal in large parts of the Far-western and
Mid-western and western region and the eastern corner and southern plains of Eastern Region, while
the western area of Eastern adjoining Central Region, southwestern plains of Western Region,
northeastern half of the Mid-western Region with some isolated patches in the rest of the country
recorded below normal temperature (Fig. 2.1g). Minimum temperature varied between below subzero
-2°C in the northern parts and above 12°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.1f). Fog episode was severe
during the winter starting from the third week of December (23rd ) up to the end of the season which
affected the Tarai region a lot (Fig. 2.1h). But it was intermittent in the last week of December, third
week of January and first week of February in different stations. There was the drop of maximum
temperature by 10.8°C in Simara Airport on 2nd February and 10°C on 14th February on Dhangadhi
and Biratnagar Airport compared to the normal maximum temperature.
8
Fig. 2.1d: Winter average maximum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.1e: Winter maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
9
Fig. 2.1f: Winter average minimum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.1g: Winter minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
10
Fig. 2.1h: Maximum temperature anomaly in (a) Dhangadhi, (b) Bhairahawa, (c) Simara and (d)
Biratnagar during December 2013 – February 2014.
2.2 Pre-monsoon season (March – May)
Rainfall
Pre-monsoon rainfall (covers nearly 11.8% of the annual) is characterized by isolated thundershower
activities due to the convection instability caused by the high day-time temperature and supported by
the forced topographical ascent. As a result, mountainous regions receive comparatively more
precipitation. Apart from these mechanisms, several cyclonic circulations over the north eastern
plains and sub Himalayan regions of India also affected the weather systems in Nepal. Rainfall varied
between less than 50 mm at isoalated patches in the central,westernmiswestern and farwestern region
to to over 350 mm in the isolated northern part of the eastern region (Fig. 2.2a). Rainfall was below
normal in large parts of the country (Fig. 2.2b). However, some isolated spots in the Eastern, Central
and Western Region received above normal rainfall. The annual contribution of the pre-monsoon
rainfall was less than 10% over the larger area of the country (Fig. 2.2c). The highest contribution
was 60% in Dhankuta and lowest was 1.3% in Nijgadh (Table 2.2).
11
Fig. 2.2a: Pre-monsoon rainfall (mm)
Fig. 2.2b: Pre-monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)
12
Fig. 2.2c: Pre-monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall
Temperature
Temperature during the pre-monsoon season rises due to the increase in solar insolation. This rise in
temperature is blocked with the arrival of the monsoon. Rainfall cools the surface while the clouds
restrict the incoming solar radiation by reflecting them in the outer space. The day time pre-monsoon
maximum temperature in 2014 varied between over 36°C in most of the southern plains to less than
18°C in the north (Fig. 2.2d). Maximum temperature was normal to above normal in large parts of the
country (Fig. 2.2e) except in the dry region in the north western parts of Western Region, northern
parts of the Mid-western region and some isolated patches in the Far-western and Central Region.
The positive anomaly was highest in the south of western region.
Minimum temperature was normal to below normal in large parts of the country. However, central to
northeastern parts of Western Regions, some central to southern parts of Central Region and southern
parts of Eastern Region including some isolated patched here and there recorded below normal
minimum temperature (Fig. 2.2g). Minimum temperature varied between above 20 °C in the southern
plains to less than 4°C in the north (Fig. 2.2f).
13
Fig. 2.2d: Pre-monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.2e: Pre-monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
14
Fig. 2.2f: Pre-monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.2g: Pre-monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
2.3 Monsoon season (June – September)
Monsoon is the main rainy season contributing about 80 percent of the total annual rainfall in the
country. It plays a vital role in the country’s economy as the agricultural production depends heavily
on the timely onset and spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rain. Though the first monsoon
15
rain brings a lot of hope to the farmer community, it also brings water induced disasters like floods
and landslides.
This year, the onset of monsoon in Nepal was observed on 20th June, ten days later than the normal
onset date 10th June and retreated from Nepal on 7th October, 14 days later than the normal
withdrawal day of 23rd September. The total number of normal monsoon days in Nepal is 106 days.
But, this year’s monsoon lasted for 110 days (20th June-7th October), 4 days more than the normal
days.
This year’s total monsoon rainfall distribution is presented in Fig. 2.3a. More rainfall amount was
recorded in and around Pokhara and Lumle area as usual. Rainfall varied from less than 500mm in
Jomsom and neighborhood to above 4500 mm in Lumle (Fig 2.3a). In the western parts of the
country, the total rainfall decrease from south towards north is quite evident. Normal to below normal
rainfall was recorded in most parts of the country (Fig. 2.3b) except in some isolated places. Below
normal rainfall was recorded in large parts of the Far-western, Western, Eastern and Central Region
including the drier areas of Jomsom and vicinities. However, large parts of the western region,
northern parts of the central region, southern parts of the Midwestern region and some isolated spots
received above normal rainfall in this monsoon. Kushma in the western region received more than
700% of the normal monsoon rainfall this year. The contribution of monsoon rainfall this year was
less than 90% in large parts of the country and above normal in the southern parts of Mid-western
Region, west central and northern parts of Western Region with adjoining northern parts of the
Central and Eastern Region and around Dhankuta(Fig. 2.3b).
.
Fig. 2.3a: Monsoon rainfall (mm)
16
Fig. 2.3b: Monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)
Fig. 2.3c: Monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall
Temperature
The day time maximum temperature during the monsoon season mostly remained normal to above
normal in the country except in the central pocket of the southern plains in the Eastern Region,
northeastern corner of the Western with adjoining corners of the Central Region and east-central
pocket of the Mid-western Region (Fig. 2.3e). The maximum temperature varied between above 36°C
in the southern plains to less than 24°C in the north (Fig. 2.3d).
17
Similarly, the minimum temperature remained normal to above normal in large parts of the country
(Fig. 2.3g). Some of the places remained cooler than normal especially the narrow eastern parts of the
Eastern, and southern parts of Central Regions and some isolated spots in the Western and Eastern
Regions.The minimum temperature varied between less than 12°C in the north of the country to about
26 °C in the southern plains.
Fig. 2.3d: Monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.3e: Monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
18
Fig. 2.3f: Monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.3g: Monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
2.3.1 Monsoon Monitoring 2014
Monsoon in Nepal usually starts from June and lasts till end of September. In this section daily
accumulated rainfall is compared with the long term daily average accumulated rainfall throughout
the monsoon season at the 15 stations stretching from East to West and covering Tarai, mountains and
valleys (Fig. 2.3.1a to c).The accumulated rainfall below or above the normal accumulation provides
the condition of dryness or wetness (possibility of floods/landslides) of the region. The summary of
the monsoon rainfall is presented in Table 2.3.1. All Nepal 2014 accumulated monsoon rainfall was
19
below normal throughout the season. The total average of the monsoon rain was 86.7% compared to
the normal.
Table 2.3.1: Accumulated monsoon rainfall in different regions from June to September
Region/ Eastern Region
Central Region
Western Region
Mid-western Region
Far-western Region Topography
Hills Taplejung Lumle Jumla Dadeldhura
Normal up to July and then slightly below normal. But overall normal.
Slightly below normal up to mid-August then normal. Overall normal
Below normal in the first two months and normal to slightly above normal from the late July. Overall normal
Below normal up to mid-July, then above normal up to first week of September. Overall normal
Okhaldhunga
Normal to mid- July, then below normal. Overall below normal
Valley/ Midland
Dhankuta Kathmandu Pokhara Surkhet Dipayal
Below normal throughout the season. Severely below normal (<50%)
Slightly below normal to normal. Overall normal
Around normal till mid-August then above normal. Overall normal
Below normal till mid-August then above normal. Overall above normal
Normal to slightly below normal till July, then below normal. Overall Below normal (≈70%)
Tarai Biratnagar Janakpur/ Simara
Bhairahawa Nepalgunj Dhangadhi
Above normal up to mid-July then below normal. Overall below normal.
Normal in the June then Below normal. Overall below normal (<75%)
Below normal throughout the monsoon.
Below normal to normal till the mid July, then below normal till mid-August, then about normal onwards. Overall normal. The sudden surge from below normal to above normal was due to heavy rain on 13-15th August accumulation of 574.5mm which broke the 24hr rainfall record of that month.
Below normal throughout the season(<75%)
20
Fig: 2.3.1(a)
21
(b)Continued….
22
(c)
Fig. 2.3.1a - 2.3.1c: Accumulated rainfall in Monsoon 2014 compared to the normal accumulation in
monsoon.
2.4 Post-monsoon season (October – November)
Rainfall
This year’s monsoon retreated from the entire country only on 7th October, 14 days later than the
normal withdrawal date of 23rd September. Under the influence of a western disturbance in October
some amount of rainfall was recorded in the country (Fig. 2.4a). Post-monsoon rainfall (overall 4.2%
of normal annual contribution) was more as usual in and around the Pokhara valley in the Western
Region. The highest total rainfall of only 214.1mm rainfall was recorded in Khanchikot (Table 2.2).
Rainfall was normal to above normal over most parts of the country except in the Eastern Region,
Eastern part of Central region and southernmost half of the Mid-western (Fig. 2.4b). Beni Bazar in the
Western Region received the highest 378.4% of the normal rainfall (Table 2.2). Post-monsoon
contribution to the annual total rainfall was less than 16% in the most parts of the country (Fig. 2.4c).
The contribution varied from 1.4 at Okhaldhunga to the highest 28.4 % in Simara(Table 2.2).
23
Fig. 2.4a: Post-monsoon rainfall (mm)
Fig. 2.4b: Post-monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)
24
Fig. 2.4c: Post-monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall
Temperature
Post-monsoon season remained warmer than normal. The maximum temperature was normal to above
normal in large parts of the country (Fig. 2.4e). Khairinitar in the Western Region recorded the
highest positive anomaly of 5.0°C (Table 2.3). Northwestern part of the Western Region and its
adjoining areas of northwestern parts of Mid-western Region, some western parts of Central Region ;
some Tarai region of the Eastern, Western, Mid-western and Far-western Region and some isolated
spots here and there recorded slightly below normal temperature. The maximum temperature varied
between less than 18°C in the north to above 30°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.4d).
Minimum temperature was normal to slightly above normal (Fig. 2.4g). Normal to above normal
temperature was recorded in the northeastern half of the Western Region, almost all of Far-western
Region adjoining central of Mid-western , and Central Region adjoining Western region and central
whole of Eastern Region joining north and south . Ilam in the Eastern Region recorded the lowest
negative anomaly of –3.1°C and Dailekh recorded the highest positive anomaly of 1.6°C (Table 2.3).
The minimum temperature in the post-monsoon season varied between less than 2°C in the north and
above 18°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.4f).
25
Fig. 2.4d: Post-monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.4e: Post-monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
26
Fig. 2.4f: Post-monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)
Fig. 2.4g: Post-monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
Annual Weather
Rainfall
Annual rainfall distribution (Fig. 2.5a) shows the similar pattern to that of monsoon season. Rainfall
varied from 323.5 mm at Jomsom area to more than 5157.2 mm at Lumle area in the Western Region
(Table 2.2). Large parts of the country received normal to below normal rainfall (Fig. 2.5b) with a
small pockets of above normal rainfall in the central parts of Eastern, Mid-western and Western
27
Region with northern part of adjoining Western & Mid-western Region with a pocket at southern
corner of Mid-western Region. However, Simara (24.2%), Nijgadh (32.7%) and Khotang Bazar
(46.9%) recorded less than 50% of normal annual rainfall. Annual and Seasonal rainfall data are
presented in Table 2.2.
Fig. 2.5a: Annual rainfall (mm)
Fig. 2.5b: Annual rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)
Disaster due to rain, flood and other meteorological events in 2014
This year about 129 people died due to floods and 113 people died due landslides which were mostly
in the monsoon season. The thunderbolt which occurs especially in the pre and post-monsoon killed
99 people this year. These disasters affected 57 out of 75 districts. Among these disasters, the extreme
28
one occurred in the districts of Far-western Region due to heavy rainfall from 13-16 August. The
highest number of causalities occurred in this period on different places around the country.
S.No.Type of
DisasterDeath Missing Injured
Affected
Family
Animal
LossComp. Partly
Shed
Destroyed
Estimated
Losses (in Rs.)
1 Flood 65 129 133 36 36514 4437 8622 24447 2 14917613938
2 Landslide 75 113 129 96 491 69 143 37 14 23665979
3 Wind Storm 15 3 0 9 0 0 0 23 0 11562000
4 Thunderbolt 177 99 0 227 5 80 2 3 10 10346000
5 Heavy rainfal 20 6 0 6 0 9 12 4 3 4377000
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Home Affairs
National Emergency Operation Center
Loss of Lives and Properties from Disaster
2014 (January 1st to December 31st)
No. of
Events
People House Destroyed
Temperature
The annual maximum temperature varied from less than 18°C in northern part of Mid–western and
Western Regions to more than 32°C in southern plains in each region (Fig. 2.5c). Except few small
pockets of below normal maximum temperature in areas as northwest corner of Central Region, north
corner adjoining Western and Mid-western Region, southwest corner of Far-western Region, south
central part of Western Region, rest of the entire country recorded normal to above normal annual
maximum temperature (Fig. 2.5d) with the highest positive anomaly of 2.7°C at Syanja (Table 2.3).
The annual minimum temperature varied from less than 6°C in northern part of Mid-western Region
to more than 18°C at southern plain of Western Region (Fig. 2.5e). Annual minimum temperature
was normal to above normal in the most parts of the country except for the adjoining central parts of
Eastern and Central Regions with southern parts of Central Region and north eastern central part of
Mid-western Region (Fig. 2.5f). The highest negative anomaly of -2.0°C was recorded at Gaur in the
Central Region and positive anomaly of 1.2°C in Dailekh in the Mid-western Region (Table 2.3).
Fig. 2.5d: Annual average maximum temperature (°C)
29
Fig. 2.5e: Annual maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
Fig. 2.5f: Annual average minimum temperature (°C)
30
Fig. 2.5g: Annual minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)
Table 2.2: Annual and seasonal rainfall (mm) in 2014.
31
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Baitadi 797.2 58.2 120.9 93.7 12.8 59.9 24.0 6.3 609.8 65.3 64.6 6.6 5.5 0.7
Dadeldhura 1475.6 105.5 173.7 135.4 11.5 181.0 88.7 11.9 985.4 97.3 65.0 135.5 252.6 8.9
Sundarpur 1950.3 101.8 160.1 187.5 7.9 42.2 46.3 2.1 1618.3 96.8 80.1 129.7 190.8 6.4
Darchula 1819.7 72.6 44.2 32.0 2.4 97.0 36.3 5.3 1558.3 76.8 84.7 120.2 161.2 6.5
Bajura 2016.5 102.0 113.6 69.0 5.6 146.7 62.8 7.3 1675.4 110.0 82.8 80.8 146.3 4.0
Dhangadhi 1504.4 79.7 73.0 92.8 4.8 84.9 71.4 5.5 1258.4 77.0 82.1 88.1 157.8 5.7
Mangalsen 1058.4 73.8 158.1 100.7 14.4 56.8 27.1 5.2 760.1 75.4 69.3 83.4 140.5 7.6
Dipayal ( Doti ) 886.9 79.4 123.7 111.7 13.4 87.2 53.8 9.5 578.4 72.9 62.8 97.6 188.2 10.6
Jumla 757.0 93.3 76.2 93.6 9.5 117.2 76.5 14.6 497.7 93.7 62.2 65.9 144.7 8.2
Gam Shree Nagar X X 201.5 277.4 X 22.3 18.6 X 358.0 65.0 X X X X
Nagma 925.3 116.9 203.4 165.4 20.9 171.0 94.9 17.6 488.7 110.9 50.2 62.2 129.7 6.4
Dunai 387.0 101.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 45.7 7.0 325.0 127.5 75.9 32.0 114.6 7.5
Dailekh 1359.8 75.5 117.8 131.9 8.4 62.4 35.5 4.4 1150.0 77.2 81.9 29.6 62.8 2.1
Jajarkot 1144.6 59.3 86.6 95.8 7.4 73.6 46.9 6.3 956.4 59.6 81.4 28.0 35.0 2.4
Surkhet (Birendranagar) 1901.5 116.5 87.4 91.7 4.5 87.4 59.7 4.5 1694.3 126.7 87.9 32.4 62.2 1.7
Nepalgunj X X X X X 24.1 24.4 1.5 1375.6 114.1 87.4 66.0 96.9 4.2
Libang Gaun 1137.3 67.6 104.3 107.5 9.0 82.9 42.7 7.1 875.4 65.6 75.4 74.7 128.5 6.4
Bijuwar Tar 954.4 75.6 52.1 85.1 5.3 94.6 59.6 9.6 740.2 74.0 74.9 67.5 160.4 6.8
Salyan Bazar X X X X X 67.8 51.4 5.8 961.6 69.4 81.8 60.0 66.4 5.1
Chaurjhari Tar 834.8 80.8 44.4 52.7 5.2 18.0 15.1 2.1 747.4 96.2 88.1 25.0 47.2 2.9
Dang ( Ghorai ) X X X X X 120.1 84.7 6.9 1507.5 114.0 86.3 36.6 54.4 2.1
Jomsom 323.5 119.2 55.6 211.8 15.9 81.1 123.0 23.3 111.5 76.6 32.0 75.3 223.8 21.6
Baglung 1673.2 85.4 80.1 127.1 4.8 144.2 63.7 8.6 1316.2 82.0 78.7 132.7 201.4 7.9
Beni Bazar X X X X X 120.9 166.3 X 1272.6 586.6 X 115.6 378.4 X
Kusma 2706.4 548.5 55.6 144.2 2.0 159.6 198.4 5.8 2344.6 704.2 85.5 146.6 353.5 5.3
Tansen 1402.2 88.7 63.2 97.2 4.4 158.1 108.2 11.0 1020.2 77.7 71.3 160.7 278.2 11.2
Bhairahawa Airport 1532.7 88.8 70.8 140.9 4.6 78.9 62.9 5.1 1212.9 82.9 78.3 170.1 198.6 11.0
Dumkauli 2321.7 96.9 32.2 58.3 1.4 98.8 35.2 4.3 2068.7 105.3 89.1 122.0 128.4 5.3
Khanchikot 1796.8 99.7 126.1 137.8 6.8 113.1 62.4 6.1 1343.5 92.4 72.7 214.1 282.8 11.6
Taulihawa 1463.2 100.8 68.4 155.5 4.6 42.4 43.7 2.9 1222.9 96.4 82.2 129.5 301.4 8.7
Tamghas 1835.6 97.4 106.2 134.4 5.6 222.3 98.2 11.8 1363.1 89.8 72.3 144.0 235.3 7.6
Semari 1687.6 88.8 56.0 109.8 3.3 89.0 51.0 5.2 1348.6 84.3 78.9 194.0 257.1 11.4
Khudi Bazar X X 34.9 36.3 X 258.4 59.9 X 1777.0 65.2 X X X X
Pokhara Airport 3943.1 101.1 35.3 44.4 0.9 247.7 45.3 6.2 3491.1 112.0 87.9 169.0 107.3 4.3
Syangja 2528.3 88.5 18.1 26.1 0.7 174.5 41.9 6.9 2220.3 97.7 87.9 115.4 118.3 4.6
Gorkha 1628.0 97.3 72.4 129.1 4.4 147.5 48.6 8.9 1287.7 101.7 77.4 120.4 260.9 7.2
Lumle 5157.2 93.5 45.3 43.6 0.9 241.4 48.5 4.7 4695.0 100.3 90.5 175.5 76.1 3.4
Khairanitar 2063.9 89.4 37.4 58.1 1.8 148.1 31.6 7.1 1723.0 101.8 82.6 155.4 185.7 7.4
Chame X X 24.0 23.6 X X X X 1818.8 302.0 X X X X
Rampur X X X X X 120.5 47.1 5.7 1871.5 111.8 88.4 85.0 98.5 4.0
Hetauda N.F.I. 1490.7 60.5 40.2 78.8 2.7 95.3 33.4 6.4 1226.7 60.6 81.9 128.5 126.8 8.6
Simara 462.6 24.2 31.2 78.5 6.6 166.0 83.1 35.3 132.0 8.3 28.1 133.4 179.3 28.4
Nijgadh 664.5 32.7 25.0 62.3 3.7 27.1 12.5 4.0 561.6 33.6 83.6 50.8 49.3 7.6
Stations
AnnualWinter (Dec 2013 - Feb
2014)
Pre-monsoon
(Mar - May)
Monsoon
(Jun - Sep)
Post-monsoon
(Oct - Nov)
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Stations
AnnualWinter (Dec 2013 - Feb
2014)
Pre-monsoon
(Mar - May)
Monsoon
(Jun - Sep)
Post-monsoon
(Oct - Nov)
Birganj X X X X X X X X 1604.5 118.9 X X X X
Gaur X X X X X 67.1 36.4 6.2 934.6 82.9 86.6 42.0 65.8 3.9
Nuwakot X X X X X 109.4 51.6 X X X X 78.5 124.0 X
Dhading X X 0.0 0.0 X 398.6 130.5 X X X X X X X
Godavari X X X X X 154.2 70.2 10.9 1112.0 75.8 78.8 96.4 132.7 6.8
Bahrabise X X X X X 251.4 72.0 9.0 2412.4 101.0 86.3 84.5 86.6 3.0
Kathmandu 1566.5 107.7 30.9 66.8 1.9 224.5 102.6 14.0 1219.9 107.9 76.1 91.2 153.3 5.7
Panchkhal X X 17.9 45.8 X X X X X X X 66.0 111.2 X
Nagarkot 1550.1 85.0 30.1 65.5 1.9 182.0 79.1 11.6 1260.3 85.4 80.1 77.7 107.1 4.9
Dhunche X X 52.2 50.6 X 136.9 54.0 X X X X 80.6 69.1 X
Khokana 989.2 X 50.4 X 4.9 180.4 X 17.7 662.2 X 65.0 96.2 X 9.4
Jiri 2423.0 103.0 11.8 21.5 0.5 208.4 66.0 8.5 2108.7 111.0 86.4 94.1 113.6 3.9
Sindhuli Madhi 1846.0 65.0 16.6 28.5 0.9 195.3 59.7 10.6 1571.4 66.4 85.2 62.7 73.1 3.4
Janakpur 1480.3 95.4 22.6 71.8 1.5 178.5 93.0 12.0 1117.6 88.5 75.2 161.6 245.7 10.9
Jalesore X X 16.0 144.7 X 144.5 112.5 X X X X 5.0 18.1 X
Manthali 782.0 X 3.5 X 0.4 98.0 X 12.4 635.0 X 80.3 45.5 X 5.8
Okhaldhunga 1574.0 88.8 12.1 31.4 0.8 188.8 78.3 11.9 1351.5 95.2 85.4 21.6 29.3 1.4
Khotang Bazar 599.7 46.9 17.4 38.3 2.9 90.3 45.8 15.0 444.5 45.4 73.8 47.5 84.6 7.9
Lahan 1096.4 78.7 16.1 50.3 1.5 114.1 66.5 10.4 910.7 81.4 83.1 55.5 78.3 5.1
Rajbiraj X X X X X 199.5 108.5 14.3 1061.3 85.8 76.2 109.9 141.4 7.9
Chainpur ( east ) 1280.4 86.9 4.5 11.4 0.3 364.6 108.1 28.3 837.3 81.8 64.9 74.0 101.1 5.7
Dhankuta 573.4 179.0 5.7 24.7 1.0 192.2 299.0 33.3 350.9 174.3 60.9 24.6 77.6 4.3
Dharan 1683.2 73.8 19.2 48.6 1.1 206.3 72.1 12.2 1412.8 78.6 83.9 44.9 28.4 2.7
Terhathum 637.6 62.1 8.0 20.9 1.2 167.0 71.0 26.0 442.1 62.9 68.9 20.5 40.5 3.2
Biratnagar 1517.2 80.2 28.0 88.8 1.8 213.9 84.8 14.1 1218.2 80.7 80.3 57.1 58.5 3.8
Taplejung 1720.0 86.5 9.0 15.5 0.5 343.3 77.7 19.8 1318.2 94.7 76.1 49.5 50.6 2.9
Ilam X X X X X 167.6 76.9 16.3 775.4 58.7 75.3 75.7 97.7 7.4
Phidim X X X X X 193.1 74.4 20.3 719.3 73.2 75.6 30.0 50.1 3.2
Gaida (Kankai) 2054.6 75.2 19.3 53.1 0.9 206.5 68.6 10.1 1751.2 78.5 85.2 77.6 46.9 3.8
MAX 5157.2 548.5 203.4 277.4 20.9 398.6 299.0 35.3 4695.0 704.2 90.5 214.1 378.4 28.4
MIN 323.5 24.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 12.5 1.5 111.5 8.3 28.1 5.0 18.1 1.4 Table 2.3: Annual and Seasonal temperature (°C) in 2014.
33
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Baitadi 22.0 X 7.5 X 18.9 X 4.7 X 22.9 X 8.1 X 24.5 X 9.5 X 21.7 X 7.5 X
Dadeldhura 21.7 1.1 10.8 0.0 16.3 1.3 4.2 -0.7 23.5 0.5 11.4 -0.4 25.8 1.5 17.3 0.7 21.1 1.0 10.2 0.3
Sundarpur 29.6 -0.4 17.0 0.5 21.2 -1.6 9.1 1.0 33.9 -0.2 17.2 -0.3 34.1 0.3 25.3 0.4 29.2 -0.2 16.2 1.1
Darchula 27.5 0.2 12.9 -0.1 19.4 -0.8 6.1 0.7 29.8 -0.4 13.6 -0.6 32.8 0.7 20.8 -0.1 28.0 1.5 11.3 -0.4
Bajura 23.2 X 10.8 X 16.4 X 4.2 X 25.4 X 11.1 X 28.3 X 18.4 X 22.8 X 9.6 X
Dhangadhi 30.1 -0.1 16.7 0.0 21.7 -1.3 9.4 1.2 34.6 0.1 16.9 -0.8 34.9 1.3 24.9 -0.2 29.3 -0.3 15.5 -0.1
Mangalsen X X X X X X X X 29.4 X 15.5 X 30.2 X 20.2 X 24.3 X 13.6 X
Dipayal ( Doti ) 30.7 0.6 15.0 0.6 23.5 0.1 6.8 0.8 33.7 0.4 15.2 0.0 35.5 1.2 24.0 0.9 30.0 0.6 14.0 0.6
Jumla 21.6 1.2 3.8 0.0 15.9 0.9 -4.1 0.1 22.2 0.8 3.6 -0.3 26.3 1.3 14.4 0.3 21.9 1.6 1.3 -0.1
Gam Shree Nagar X X X X 18.1 X 7.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Magma X X X X X X X X 24.2 X 6.0 X 29.2 X 9.2 X 22.2 X 5.3 X
Dunai 19.5 -3.3 7.6 -0.3 8.2 X -0.7 -0.9 22.5 -2.1 7.5 -0.1 27.9 0.0 16.9 0.1 19.6 -2.0 6.7 -0.5
Dailekh 25.2 1.1 13.4 1.2 18.9 1.8 6.9 0.6 29.2 1.5 14.5 0.4 28.8 0.1 19.6 2.3 23.9 1.1 12.6 1.6
Jajarkot 26.5 X X X 21.6 X 7.2 X 28.9 X 14.4 X 29.4 X 20.7 X 26.0 X X X
Surkhet 28.9 1.3 14.7 0.0 22.3 1.1 6.3 -0.2 32.6 1.2 15.7 -0.5 32.9 1.8 23.2 0.4 27.9 1.2 13.4 0.3
Nepalgunj 30.9 0.6 17.3 0.0 22.4 -0.2 9.7 0.8 36.0 1.2 17.3 -0.8 35.8 1.9 25.7 0.4 29.2 -0.6 16.5 -0.5
Libang Gaun 25.2 X 10.8 X 19.1 X 4.8 X 28.4 X 12.0 X 29.0 X 17.8 X 24.3 X 8.6 X
Bijuwar Tar X X X X 23.4 X 8.2 X 32.5 X 15.2 X X X X X X X X X
Salyan Bazar 26.2 1.7 14.0 0.7 20.7 1.1 8.0 0.9 28.8 1.7 14.9 0.2 29.0 1.8 19.9 1.1 26.5 2.0 13.0 0.7
Chaurjhari Tar 29.8 1.6 13.9 -0.3 21.5 -0.2 6.6 0.1 33.2 0.9 13.8 -1.2 33.7 1.3 22.3 0.2 30.9 4.3 13.0 -0.3
Dang ( Ghorai ) 28.7 1.3 15.4 0.4 22.2 1.0 7.7 0.7 32.7 1.3 17.0 0.0 32.1 1.9 23.0 0.4 27.7 0.9 14.1 0.7
Jomsom 17.2 0.0 4.9 0.2 11.3 0.0 -1.1 0.6 17.9 -0.5 4.3 -0.3 23.0 0.5 13.4 0.8 16.4 0.1 3.1 -0.4
Baglung 26.5 -1.3 14.6 0.3 20.8 -1.8 7.6 0.3 29.7 -0.4 15.3 0.3 30.4 -0.9 21.4 0.3 25.1 -2.3 14.1 0.4
Kusma 28.7 0.7 14.4 -0.5 23.3 1.1 7.3 -0.9 31.3 0.9 15.4 -0.8 32.3 1.1 20.8 -0.6 27.9 -0.2 14.3 0.5
Tansen 26.0 1.9 X X 19.7 1.0 8.8 0.1 29.3 2.6 16.5 0.4 29.5 2.5 20.5 0.5 25.5 1.4 X X
Bhairahawa Airport 30.5 -0.1 18.1 0.0 21.6 -1.9 9.8 -0.1 35.5 0.9 18.4 -1.0 34.7 1.0 26.2 0.7 30.2 -0.3 17.8 0.4
Dumkauli 30.1 -0.1 X X 22.2 -1.7 11.0 0.8 34.8 0.9 19.0 -0.1 34.1 0.8 25.2 -0.1 29.2 -0.5 X X
Khanchikot 20.8 1.0 12.1 0.0 15.4 0.8 6.8 0.3 23.2 1.3 13.8 0.2 24.2 1.0 17.0 -0.1 20.5 0.8 11.0 -0.6
Taulihawa 30.1 -0.8 X X 21.1 -2.9 9.6 -0.9 35.5 0.2 17.7 -1.4 33.7 -0.1 X X 30.1 -0.6 16.8 -1.3
Tamghas 23.5 1.4 11.7 -0.2 19.0 2.8 5.5 -0.1 26.1 1.5 12.7 -0.2 26.9 1.0 18.0 0.0 21.9 0.4 10.4 -0.7
Simari 31.1 1.1 18.4 X 19.9 -2.7 8.9 X 38.0 3.5 23.1 X 36.4 2.3 24.9 X 30.1 1.4 16.7 X
Khudi Bazar X X X X 22.4 1.3 8.4 0.7 30.2 1.2 16.2 0.6 X X X X X X X X
Pokhara Airport 27.1 0.7 15.2 0.3 21.0 0.1 7.8 -0.3 30.0 1.1 15.8 0.2 31.1 1.1 21.9 0.5 26.2 0.4 15.1 0.8
Syangja 29.5 2.7 14.8 0.7 22.7 1.4 8.8 1.7 32.2 3.2 14.7 0.3 35.1 4.5 21.5 0.4 28.1 1.5 14.2 0.5
Gorkha X X X X 21.2 0.6 9.1 -0.2 31.7 1.4 17.4 0.7 X X X X 26.3 -0.1 15.7 1.2
Lumle 20.7 0.8 11.7 0.2 15.1 0.6 6.0 0.2 22.2 0.4 12.3 0.1 23.6 0.2 17.3 0.4 21.6 2.0 11.2 0.1
Khairinitar 30.6 1.9 16.8 0.5 22.7 0.0 9.9 0.6 33.3 1.6 16.7 0.4 33.6 1.1 23.6 0.3 32.8 5.0 16.9 0.5
Rampur X X 17.0 -0.1 X X 9.7 0.8 34.0 -0.3 17.0 -0.9 33.7 0.0 25.1 0.2 30.2 0.0 16.1 -0.5
Hetauda N.F.I. X X 16.7 0.7 X X 9.3 1.0 32.7 0.3 17.3 0.1 32.5 0.5 23.8 0.6 28.1 -0.2 16.4 1.1
Simara 30.5 0.4 16.8 -0.6 22.6 -1.3 8.8 -0.1 35.6 2.0 16.7 -1.9 33.9 0.9 25.3 0.1 30.2 0.0 16.4 -0.5
Gaur X X 16.7 -2.0 X X 7.9 -2.7 X X 18.9 -0.6 X X 23.6 -1.9 X X 16.3 -3.0
Stations
Annual Winter
(Dec 2013 - Feb 2014)
Pre-monsoon
(Mar - May)
Monsoon
(Jun - Sep)
Post-monsoon
(Oct - Nov)
Maximum Minimum Maximum MinimumMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
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MinimumMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Stations
Annual Winter
(Dec 2013 - Feb 2014)
Pre-monsoon
(Mar - May)
Monsoon
(Jun - Sep)
Post-monsoon
(Oct - Nov)
Maximum Minimum Maximum
Nuwakot 27.0 -0.3 15.9 -0.2 21.8 -0.2 9.3 -0.5 30.2 0.1 17.4 0.0 30.6 0.1 21.8 0.4 25.5 -1.3 15.0 -0.7
Dhading X X X X 22.1 X 7.5 X 32.8 X 23.1 X X X X X X X X X
Godavari 23.2 1.5 X X 18.1 1.8 X X 25.7 1.5 X X 26.7 1.4 X X 22.2 1.2 X X
Bahrabise X X 14.0 X 22.3 X 7.1 X 30.8 X 14.5 X X X 21.1 X 31.0 X 13.2 X
Kathmandu 25.3 0.0 12.3 1.0 19.4 -0.8 4.8 1.2 28.3 0.9 12.5 0.6 29.4 0.9 20.2 0.7 24.0 -1.2 11.9 1.3
Panchkhal X X X X 22.9 0.8 3.8 -2.0 X X X X X X X X 27.6 0.1 13.7 0.8
Nagarkot 19.2 0.1 10.0 0.6 14.7 0.9 4.5 0.7 21.7 0.3 10.7 0.6 22.2 -0.2 15.4 0.5 18.3 -0.7 9.4 0.5
Dhunche X X X X 12.8 X 3.7 X 22.4 X 11.5 X X X X X 18.8 X 9.5 X
Khokana X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24.1 X 9.0 X
Jiri 20.8 0.7 X X 16.0 0.8 -0.2 0.4 22.6 1.0 X X 24.5 0.7 16.4 0.3 20.1 0.3 6.8 0.6
Sindhuli Gadhi X X X X 23.7 0.9 8.6 -0.5 X X X X 31.9 1.4 23.6 1.0 28.5 0.5 16.0 0.1
Janakpur 30.6 0.2 19.1 0.3 22.8 -1.6 11.2 0.8 34.8 1.3 19.9 -0.2 33.8 0.9 26.5 0.6 30.8 0.3 18.7 -0.1
Jalesore X X X X 22.9 -1.2 11.1 0.0 X X 25.8 4.9 X X X X 31.1 1.1 20.0 0.4
Manthali 31.0 X 17.5 X 25.7 X 10.2 X 34.1 X 20.9 X 34.7 X 23.6 X 29.3 X 15.3 X
Okhaldhunga 22.0 0.7 11.7 -1.0 16.6 0.5 5.2 -1.4 24.7 1.4 12.4 -1.2 25.1 0.6 17.1 -0.7 21.6 0.2 12.1 -0.8
Lahan X X X X X X X X X X X X 32.9 0.2 X X X X X X
Rajbiraj X X 19.5 1.1 X X 11.5 0.9 X X 21.7 1.8 32.9 -0.3 25.6 0.6 X X 19.2 0.9
Chainpur ( east ) 25.0 0.5 13.1 -0.4 19.5 0.1 7.0 -0.9 27.7 1.0 13.6 -0.8 28.7 1.2 18.6 -0.1 24.0 -0.1 13.2 0.2
Dhankuta 25.1 1.4 14.7 0.4 20.2 1.4 8.3 0.1 27.1 2.0 15.8 0.4 28.1 1.2 20.7 0.9 24.9 1.1 14.0 0.2
Dharan 29.4 -0.2 19.7 0.6 23.7 -1.0 12.8 -1.0 32.9 0.8 21.5 0.7 32.1 0.0 24.9 1.6 29.1 -0.5 19.6 1.2
Terhathum 24.4 X 11.2 X 19.3 X 5.0 X 25.4 X 12.1 X 27.8 X 17.0 X 25.2 X 10.7 X
Biratnagar 30.4 0.4 18.7 0.4 23.7 -1.0 11.1 0.9 34.0 1.3 20.0 0.2 33.3 0.9 25.4 0.1 30.8 0.4 18.5 0.3
Taplejung 21.9 1.5 11.7 0.5 16.5 1.5 5.5 0.3 23.3 1.6 12.2 0.3 26.3 1.7 18.0 0.6 21.4 1.0 11.3 0.7
Ilam X X X X X X X X 24.4 0.0 14.5 -1.8 26.5 1.0 16.8 -2.9 24.4 1.4 12.7 -3.1
Phidim 26.5 0.8 15.1 0.6 21.3 0.6 8.5 0.8 28.8 1.2 16.0 0.5 30.0 1.2 21.6 0.6 26.1 0.1 14.3 0.3
Gaida (Kankai) 30.6 0.0 17.6 0.5 25.2 -0.5 9.6 0.2 33.4 0.8 18.5 0.0 33.3 0.3 24.4 0.9 30.4 -0.6 17.8 0.9
Max 31.1 2.7 19.7 1.2 25.7 2.8 12.8 1.7 38.0 3.5 25.8 4.9 36.4 4.5 26.5 2.3 32.8 5.0 20.0 1.6
Min 17.2 -3.3 3.8 -2.0 8.2 -2.9 -4.1 -2.7 17.9 -2.1 3.6 -1.9 22.2 -0.9 9.2 -2.9 16.4 -2.3 1.3 -3.1
35
3. MONTHLY WEATHER SUMMARY
3.1 JANUARY
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Large parts of the country remained warmer than normal. Eastern and central parts received less
rainfall than the western parts of the country.
Fog and cold wave gripped the southern plains (Tarai) of Nepal on mid of the second to fourth of this
month with spatial and temporal difference in severity (Images 3.1.1 & 3.1.2) and Tarai Temperature
Monitoring of January 2014.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in January were mainly affected by western
disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). Though many
western disturbances as upper air troughs influenced north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir
and western Himalayan region, only one of them in third week influenced the weather systems over
Nepal and produced some rainfall mainly in the country which contributed the overall January
rainfall. Along with WD, three UACCs in the first three weeks affected weather over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
Western half of the country received more rainfall than eastern half. Eastern half of the country
received rainfall below 30mm while most of the Western half of the country received rainfall greater
than 40mm. Few places viz Dipayal (Doti), Gam Shree Nagar & Magma received rainfall greater than
60mm . Below normal rainfall was recorded in Central and Eastern region along with the North
eastern parts of Western Region and isolated patches in Mid & Far Western Region, while rest of the
country received normal to above normal rainfall. Gam Shree Nagar recorded the highest 24 hour
rainfall of 46.0 mm on 18th January contributing to monthly total rainfall of 68.0 mm while Nagma
received the highest monthly total rainfall of 77.7 mm. Jomsom received the highest percent of
rainfall 378.1 % (27.8mm).
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature in January varied from below 0oC in northern parts & high Himalayas to above
15oC especially in eastern and central Tarai region and some isolated patches in rest of the Tarai
region (Fig 3). Mean temperature was normal to above normal in large parts of the country with
positive departures greater than 1.4 °C in isolated patches over Eastern and Mid-western region
whereas below normal temperature was observed in south western parts of Central region and isolated
patches over Western, Mid & Far Western Regions. Salyan Bazar in the Mid-western region recorded
the highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.2 °C whereas Taulihawa, in the WR recorded the
highest negative temperature anomaly of -1.7 °C. (Figure 4, Table 1). The highest maximum
temperature of 28.0 °C was recorded in Gaida (Kankai) on 23rd January while the lowest minimum
temperature of – 8.5 °C was recorded in Jumla on 19th January. The intermittent fog episode which
started from the mid of the third week of December 2013 in the southern Tarai plains lasted with
consecutive breaks for few days upto the second and third week of the January 2014. However, fog
episode was variable on tempo-spatial scale. Due to the cold wave condition associated with the fog,
the day time maximum temperature in the affected areas plummeted down even up to -10.73 °C (on
7th January in Simara) than normal (Figure 6). Whereas Minimum temperature went down only up to
-9.16°C in Dhangadhi on 7th January. Fog covered whole Terai on 8th January.
The preliminary weather data for January 2014 is presented in Table 3.1.1.
36
37
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with 1km x 1km grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
Image 3.1.1 Image 3.1.2
Image 3.1.1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing Indian subcontinent on date 2nd January 2014,
6:30z
Image 3.1.2: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing north east sector of Indian subcontinent on
date 26th January 2014, 4:00z
Figure 5: Temperature anomaly during January, 2014 in (a) Dhangadhi (b) Bhairahawa (c) Simara
and (d) Biratnagar Airport.
38
Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (January 2014)(Winter)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
5-J
an
9-J
an
13-J
an
17-J
an
21-J
an
25-J
an
29-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
8-J
an
15-J
an
22-J
an
29-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
8-J
an
15-J
an
22-J
an
29-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11-J
an
16-J
an
21-J
an
26-J
an
31-J
an
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-J
an
6-J
an
11
-Jan
16
-Jan
21
-Jan
26
-Jan
31
-Jan
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
39
Table 3.1.1
.
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI M M M M M M M 19 - 20.2/2 3.6 - -4/3 12.0 - 5
DADELDHURA 57.9 135.2 5 2 0 0 22.5/18 16.7 2.7 20.5/28 4.1 0.0 0.7/18 10.4 1.3 0
SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 18.5 -2.3 24.3/23 8.5 1.3 4.8/4 13.5 -0.5 0
DARCHULA 16.0 34.5 3 0 0 0 7.2/18 19.5 0.5 25/31 5.6 0.8 3/3 12.5 0.7 0
BAJURA 44.2 76.5 4 2 0 0 17.7/19 15.7 - 20.5/28 4.8 - 2/12 10.3 0
DHANGADHI 42.3 148.8 6 1 0 0 21.8/18 18.7 -2.1 25.6/23 8.5 1.4 5/4 13.6 -0.4 0
MANGALSEN 55.0 101.8 6 1 1 0 35.2/18 18.7 - 25.6/23 8.5 - 5/4 13.6 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 60.9 158.2 5 2 1 0 28.8/18 22.8 0.6 26.2/23 6.5 1.6 2.8/4 14.6 1.1 0
JUMLA 28.9 101.6 1 1 1 0 28.9/18 14.8 0.9 20.6/28 -4.4 0.6 -8.5/19 5.2 0.7 27
GAM SHREE NAGAR 68.0 259.9 3 2 1 0 46/18 M M M M M M M M M
NAGMA 77.7 174.5 5 3 1 0 36.2/20 19.9 - 23.2/1 -1.8 - -3.2/21 9.1 - 31
JAJARKOT M M M M M M M 21.2 - 23.5/29 6.8 - 5/1 14.0 - 0
SURKHET 43.2 125.8 5 1 0 0 24.5/18 21.2 1.3 24.1/31 5.6 0.2 1.7/4 13.4 0.8 0
KUSUM M M M M M M M M M M 5.1 - 1.7/4 M M 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 42.0 143.5 4 1 0 0 22.2/18 19.5 -0.2 26/23 9.6 1.9 5.4/8 14.6 0.8 0
LIBANG GAUN 58.7 197.3 3 2 1 0 33.5/19 18.6 - 22/28 4.5 - 1/7 11.5 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR 33.8 161.2 2 1 1 0 29/19 21.2 2.5 25.4/27 8.3 2.0 2.2/12 14.8 2.2 0
CHAUR JHARI TAR 18.2 54.2 1 1 0 0 18/18 19.2 -1.4 23.5/27 5.9 0.6 3/6 12.5 -0.4 0
GHORAI (DANG) 39.1 139.8 3 2 0 0 22/19 21.0 0.9 24/23 7.0 1.1 3.4/3 14.0 1.0 0
JOMSOM 27.8 378.1 3 1 0 0 19.4/18 10.0 -0.7 16.2/3 -2.3 -0.1 -6.9/19 3.9 -0.4 28
BAGLUNG 34.1 174.0 2 2 0 0 22.6/19 20.5 -1.0 23.1/30 6.7 0.2 4.7/10 13.6 -0.4 0
KUSHMA 26.4 181.0 2 1 0 0 19.4/19 22.1 1.2 25.5/1 6.3 -1.0 4/10 14.2 0.1 0
TANSEN 25.5 122.5 2 1 0 0 24/19 19.4 1.8 22/26 8.4 0.7 6.4/12 13.9 1.2 0
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 22.0 124.2 3 1 0 0 17.8/19 18.7 -2.3 25.3/23 8.4 -0.4 6.4/12 13.5 -1.4 0
DUMKAULI 23.0 117.4 1 1 0 0 23/18 21.0 -1.1 24.8/23 10.6 1.4 7.5/30 15.8 0.1 0
KHANCHIKOT 53.0 183.2 2 2 1 0 31.5/19 14.9 1.3 19/28 6.4 0.8 3/7 10.6 1.1 0
TAULIHAWA 33.1 228.4 3 1 0 0 24.2/19 17.9 -3.7 23.8/23 9.2 0.3 6/4 13.5 -1.7 0
TAMGHAS 42.5 158.7 1 1 1 0 42.5/19 16.4 1.3 19.9/28 5.0 0.4 2.5/12 10.7 0.8 0
SEMARI 20.0 122.0 2 1 0 0 14/19 M M M 7.9 0.0 7/2 M M 0
KHUDI BAZAR 13.9 54.2 2 1 0 0 10.2/19 21.8 1.7 24.1/30 7.3 0.7 4.4/10 14.6 1.2 0
POKHARA AIRPORT 17.5 75.6 2 1 0 0 15.5/19 20.3 0.6 23.2/29 5.6 -1.4 0/4 13.0 -0.4 0
SYANGJA 5.6 25.5 2 0 0 0 3/19 21.2 1.1 23.5/29 7.9 1.7 5.5/2 14.5 1.4 0
GORKHA 14.5 65.8 1 1 0 0 14.5/19 20.1 1.1 23.5/30 8.3 0.0 5/9 14.2 0.6 0
LUMLE 18.4 56.7 2 0 0 0 9.5/8 14.7 1.1 17.5/31 5.6 0.6 3.1/11 10.1 0.8 0
KHAIRINI TAR 12.5 62.6 1 1 0 0 12.5/19 21.8 0.3 25.5/23 9.3 1.0 6.9/11 15.5 0.7 0
SIMARA AIRPORT 9.4 65.2 1 0 0 0 9.4/19 20.1 -1.5 26.4/17 7.8 0.0 2/8 13.9 -0.7 0
GAUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M
NUWAKOT 6.6 40.6 1 0 0 0 6.6/19 21.8 0.9 24.3/14 9.4 0.6 6/19 15.6 0.7 0
GODAVARI 2.6 13.7 1 0 0 0 2.6/19 17.7 2.4 21.21/26 M M M M M M
BAHRABISE 4.2 22.2 1 0 0 0 4.2/18 21.3 - 23.6/2 6.3 - 3.9/10 13.8 - 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 4.2 29.2 1 0 0 0 4.2/19 18.6 -0.4 20.8/26 4.0 1.5 1/7 11.3 -1.6 0
PANCHKHAL 12.2 100.1 1 1 0 0 12.2/19 22.6 1.7 25.5/29 2.5 -2.4 -1/6 12.5 -0.1 2
NAGARKOT 18.4 102.2 1 1 0 0 18.4/19 13.7 0.8 16/21 4.2 1.2 1.4/12 8.9 1.0 0
DHUNCHE 14.6 39.9 1 1 0 0 14.6/19 13.1 - 16/21 3.7 - 1.5/14 8.4 - 0
KHOKANA 4.0 25.2 1 0 0 0 4/19 18.9 - 22.5/23 1.0 - -2/6 10.0 - 12
SINDHULI MADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.0 1.7 26.5/30 7.7 -0.2 4.4/9 15.3 0.7 0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.8 -1.4 25.4/19 10.8 1.7 6/8 15.8 0.2 0
JALESORE 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -0.5 25/22 10.0 0.1 7/16 15.9 -0.2 0
MANTHALI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.6 - 27.5/30 8.8 - 6/8 16.7 - 0
OKHALDHUNGA 0.6 5.1 0 0 0 0 0.6/19 16.4 1.4 19/29 4.8 -0.8 1.2/7 10.6 0.3 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M
CHAINPUR (EAST) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.1 0.8 22.5/29 6.4 -0.6 4/12 12.8 0.1 0
DHANKUTA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 2.2 22.5/29 7.8 0.7 5/7 13.9 1.5 0
DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.9 - 27/22 11.9 - 8.5/7 17.4 - 0
TERHATHUM 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.4 - 22.5/22 M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 0.8 6.8 0 0 0 0 0.7/19 22.7 0.0 28.5/19 10.6 1.6 5.5/9 16.7 0.8 0
TAPLEJUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 16.3 2.3 19.2/30 5.2 1.0 2.2/7 10.7 1.6 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 0.4 2.9 0 0 0 0 0.4/19 21.2 1.8 24/20 7.9 1.1 5.5/7 14.6 1.5 0
GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 23.2 -0.5 28/23 M M M M M M
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
<0°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
January, 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
40
3.2 FEBRUARY
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
The country remained normal to colder than normal in the southern parts whereas warmer than
normal in the northern parts (ER), Central Region (CR) and large parts of Western Region (WR).
Rainfall was normal to above normal throughout the country except eastern parts in the ER, central
parts of central and western and Mid-western region with its adjoining northern parts. Magma
received 119.7mm (203.9% of the normal) rainfall in February this year.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Though many western disturbances as upper air systems affected north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu
& Kashmir and western Himalayan region, only three of them influenced the weather systems over
Nepal and produced rainfall mainly in 1st, 3rd and 4th weeks.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
Western half of the country recorded more rainfall in comparison to eastern half of the country.
Precipitation was highest i.e. greater than 100mm in stations like Dadeldhura in the FWR, Nagma in
the MWR of the country (Figure 1, Table 3.2.1). Large parts of the country recorded normal to above
normal precipitation with Dumkauli, Simari, Gorkha in the south eastern limits of WR, Gaur, Jiri in
the CR receiving above 240% of normal precipitation. Below normal precipitation was received in
northern parts of ER, CR, WR , central parts of the MWR and isolated patches over northwestern and
southern borders of FWR, with Phidim, Taplejung, Terathum, Chainpur (East) in the ER, Sindhuli
Madhi, Panchkhal, Barhabise in the WR and Salyan Bazar in the MWR receiving below 20% of
normal precipitation(Figure 2, Table 1). As compared to other stations, Surkhet recorded the highest
24 hour rainfall of 45.2 mm on 15th February and the highest monthly total rainfall of 119.6mm
(203.9%) was recorded in Nagma. Dumkauli received highest percentage of normal rainfall 293.9%
(47.5mm).
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Most parts of the CR, Western half of the ER, southern parts of the WR and some isolated patches
over FWR, MWR and CR recorded below normal temperature with departure below or equal to -
1.2oC in Taulihawa, Bhairhawa, Semari in southern border of WR, Simara in the CR and Biratnagar
in the ER while rest of the country recorded normal to above normal temperature. Departure of mean
temperature equal to or above 0.8oC was recorded over Salyan Bazar in the FWR, Jomsom in the
WR, Nagarkot in the CR and Phidim (Paanchthar) in the north eastern part of ER (Figure 4, Table
3.2.1). As compared to other stations, Manthali recorded the highest maximum temperature of 32.5
°C on 28th February while the lowest minimum temperature of -6.7 °C was recorded in Jumla on 17th
February.
Temperature monitoring in the Tarai region (Fig: 5) shows that most of the days in February was
warmer than normal for minimum temperature while colder than normal for maximum temperature.
The maximum temperature anomaly was reached the lowest negative anomaly -10.8°C in Simara on
2nd February (Figure 2, Image 3.2.1) whereas the minimum temperature reached the highest positive
anomaly 7.1°C on the 7th February in Dhangadhi. The increase of minimum temperature in the winter
season has been quite common in the Tarai region since few years. The preliminary weather data for February 2014 is presented in Table 3.2.1.
41
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 % Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
42
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with 1km x 1km grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
Image 3.2.1: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian
subcontinent on date 14th February 2014, 9:30z which produced the rain in the day and the following
days.
Image 3.2.2: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian
subcontinent on date 26th February 2014, 11:30z which produced the rain in the day and the
following days.
Table 3.2.1.
43
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI M M M M M M M 18 - 20/6 3.6 - -7/28 10.5 - 6
DADELDHURA 109.2 174.8 9 5 2 0 31.5/15 15.5 0.3 21.1/2 4.4 -0.7 -0.7/17 10.0 -0.2 2
SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 22.4 -2.1 26.5/4 9.9 1.0 5.5/18 16.2 -0.5 0
DARCHULA 38.2 58.7 3 1 0 0 24.8/15 21.1 -0.3 26.5/26 6.9 0.9 4/16 14.0 0.3 0
DHANGADHI 25.5 77.4 5 1 0 0 11.1/15 22.9 -1.9 26.8/6 10.7 1.4 5.2/17 16.8 -0.2 0
MANGALSEN 96.9 144.4 7 3 1 0 45.2/15 M M M M M M M M M
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 60.4 116.3 7 2 1 0 27.9/15 23.9 -0.7 27.2/24 8.0 0.9 3.8/12 16.0 0.1 0
JUMLA 33.1 83.9 5 2 0 0 13.8/15 14.9 -0.1 20/4 -2.5 0.6 -6.7/17 6.2 0.2 24
NAGMA 119.6 203.9 9 4 2 0 40.8/16 22.4 - 24.2/3 -2.5 - -6.5/26 9.9 - 28
DAILEKH M M M M M M M 19.2 0.7 23.4/4 7.3 0.2 4.4/18 13.3 0.4 0
JAJARKOT M M M M M M M 22.5 - 25.5/22 8.3 - 4/17 15.4 - 0
SURKHET 41.2 97.0 5 2 0 0 21.4/15 23.2 0.7 25.4/3 7.8 0.0 3.6/12 15.5 0.3 0
GULARIYA M M M M M M M M M M 10.4 - 8.1/8 M M 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 35.8 182.5 6 1 0 0 20.2/15 23.6 -1.0 27.7/8 10.1 0.9 4.3/12 16.8 -0.1 0
LIBANG GAUN 42.0 88.0 5 2 0 0 18.2/15 19.6 - 23/2 6.0 6.0 1.5/17 12.8 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR 8.4 43.6 1 0 0 0 8.4/27 22.1 2.1 26.4/4 7.3 -0.3 3.2/17 14.7 0.9 0
CHAUR JHARI TAR 26.2 74.9 3 1 0 0 17/15 22.4 -1.1 26/3 7.7 0.2 5/10 15.0 -0.5 0
GHORAI (DANG) 26.6 118.4 4 2 0 0 12.4/15 22.8 0.6 26.2/4 8.8 0.7 4/17 15.8 0.7 0
JOMSOM 27.8 202.1 7 1 0 0 13.5/15 11.5 0.3 16/24 -0.2 1.2 -4.3/12 5.6 0.8 18
BAGLUNG 46.0 167.1 5 2 0 0 14.4/28 21.6 -1.9 24.5/5 8.5 0.1 5.6/19 15.1 -0.9 0
BENI BAZAR 20.3 133.0 4 0 0 0 7.5/16 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 29.2 205.6 5 1 0 0 10/16 24.1 1.1 27/4 M M M M M M
TANSEN 35.2 133.7 5 1 0 0 11/16 20.3 0.8 24.2/4 9.1 -0.4 3.5/17 14.7 0.2 0
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 34.8 181.0 5 1 0 0 18.7/15 22.2 -3.2 27.5/8 10.5 -0.2 7/12 16.4 -1.7 0
DUMKAULI 47.5 293.9 6 1 0 0 16.5/18 M M M M M M M M M
KHANCHIKOT 73.1 197.3 6 4 0 0 20.5/16 15.7 0.5 20/2 6.9 -0.2 2/17 11.3 0.2 0
TAULIHAWA 35.3 176.7 8 1 0 0 12.2/15 22.3 -3.5 26.6/8 9.9 -1.5 5/12 16.1 -2.5 0
TAMGHAS 65.7 191.3 7 3 1 0 29.5/17 17.7 0.4 22.9/3 6.0 -0.3 0.9/17 11.9 0.0 0
SEMARI 36.2 225.5 7 1 0 0 11/16 22.9 -3.2 26/27 9.8 -0.4 7/12 16.4 -1.8 0
KHUDI BAZAR 18.5 37.4 4 1 0 0 10.1/27 23.2 1.1 26.4/3 9.3 0.5 5.7/18 16.3 0.8 0
POKHARA AIRPORT 17.8 51.5 4 0 0 0 8.3/27 22.4 0.2 24.7/24 9.2 0.0 5/18 15.8 0.1 0
SYANGJA 11.1 37.6 3 0 0 0 4.5/15 23.4 1.1 25.5/24 M M M M M M
GORKHA 56.9 276.5 4 2 1 0 25.8/28 23.0 1.1 26.2/24 M M M M M M
LUMLE 31.1 63.1 4 1 0 0 16/16 15.6 0.4 19/4 6.0 -0.3 1/17 10.8 0.0 0
KHAIRINI TAR 21.0 78.9 4 0 0 0 8/17 24.8 0.2 27.4/24 9.9 0.3 6.8/13 17.4 0.3 0
SIMARA AIRPORT 21.8 154.6 6 0 0 0 7.8/15 23.2 -2.3 28.6/27 9.5 -0.1 5/13 16.3 -1.2 0
GAUR 35.5 268.0 2 2 0 0 23/16 10.9 - 12/18 7.8 -3.6 6.5/2 9.4 - 0
NUWAKOT 17.0 87.3 3 0 0 0 9.8/17 22.3 -1.0 25.5/4 9.8 -0.9 6.3/17 16.0 -0.9 0
GODAVARI 27.0 118.0 5 1 0 0 13.4/16 19.1 1.6 23/3 1.5 -3.4 -1.8/18 10.3 -0.9 6
BAHRABISE 7.2 24.0 1 0 0 0 7.2/17 24.6 - 26.5/13 7.8 - 4.5/17 16.2 - 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 26.7 143.0 4 0 0 0 8.7/17 20.8 -0.6 23.9/3 5.7 1.2 2.5/12 13.3 0.3 0
PANCHKHAL 5.7 36.0 3 0 0 0 2.2/16 23.7 0.3 27.1/24 4.9 -1.8 2.3/18 14.3 -0.7 0
NAGARKOT 11.7 64.1 4 0 0 0 4.6/16 15.9 1.2 25/7 4.7 0.4 0/17 10.3 0.8 1
DHUNCHE 37.6 85.1 4 2 0 0 16.6/18 13.1 - 16/21 3.3 - 0/18 8.2 - 1
KHOKANA 46.4 - 6 2 0 0 17.6/16 19.6 - 23.5/3 2.8 - -1.5/12 11.2 - 1
JIRI 29.9 262.0 4 2 0 0 15.2/10 16.3 0.4 18.2/11 -1.2 -1.6 -5.3/4 7.6 -0.6 21
SINDHULI MADHI 11.4 43.7 4 0 0 0 7.1/17 24.3 0.5 27.5/24 9.3 -0.6 6.5/13 16.8 -0.1 0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 21.4 187.5 4 1 0 0 11/17 23.4 -2.5 27.9/27 M M M M M M
JALESORE M M M M M M M 23.0 -2.9 26.7/23 13.6 1.5 8/13 18.3 -0.7 0
MANTHALI M M M M M M M 28.4 - 32.5/28 12.2 - 8/12 20.3 - 0
OKHALDHUNGA 11.5 81.7 2 0 0 0 9.8/17 17.1 0.3 20.2/1 5.3 -1.8 1.2/17 11.2 -0.7 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 13.9 113.9 2 1 0 0 10.4/16 M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 16.1 150.9 2 0 0 0 8.6/17 M M M M M M M M M
RAJBIRAJ 21.1 208.0 2 1 0 0 13.5/17 27.0 -0.1 30/18 11.1 -0.4 7.5/4 19.1 -0.2 0
CHAINPUR (EAST) 4.5 24.3 1 0 0 0 4.5/17 20.2 -0.2 23.7/24 7.6 -1.2 4.6/13 13.9 -0.7 0
DHANKUTA 5.7 61.6 1 0 0 0 4.4/17 20.6 1.4 29.4/12 8.6 -0.4 6.2/11 14.6 0.5 0
DHARAN BAZAR 19.2 109.0 2 1 0 0 16/17 23.5 - 27.2/24 12.5 - 7.5/2 18.0 - 0
TERHATHUM 8.0 48.0 2 0 0 0 6.8/17 18.9 - 22/2 M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 27.2 206.4 3 2 0 0 15.2/17 23.4 -2.7 27.6/24 11.4 0.3 7.2/13 17.4 -1.2 0
TAPLEJUNG 9.0 31.7 1 0 0 0 9/17 17.2 1.6 27.4/5 M M M M M M
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 4.0 20.8 1 0 0 0 4/17 21.9 0.8 28.5/1 8.9 0.8 5.5/12 15.4 0.8 0
GAIDA (KANKAI) 19.3 129.9 3 1 0 0 15.6/17 27.8 1.1 30.4/24 M M M M M M
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
< 0°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
February 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
44
Fig: 5 Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (Winter)
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
6-F
eb
11-F
eb
16-F
eb
21-F
eb
26-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
5-F
eb
9-F
eb
13-F
eb
17-F
eb
21-F
eb
25-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
6-F
eb
11-F
eb
16-F
eb
21-F
eb
26-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
6-F
eb
11-F
eb
16-F
eb
21-F
eb
26-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
8-F
eb
15-F
eb
22-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
8-F
eb
15-F
eb
22-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
6-F
eb
11-F
eb
16-F
eb
21-F
eb
26-F
eb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-F
eb
6-F
eb
11
-Feb
16
-Feb
21
-Feb
26
-Feb
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
45
3.3 MARCH
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Most parts of the country received normal to above normal. Eastern(ER) and Central region (CR) of
the country remained warmer than normal (Figure 2 and Figure 4).
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES Weather system of the country during March was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air
troughs and cyclonic circulations. Though many weather systems developed over Indian regions,
influence of three of them (in the 1st, 3rd and 4th week), a trough and a cyclonic circulation
contributed rainfall over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Precipitation was received throughout the country except in some stations (Taulihawa, Semari,
Rajbiraj, Simara Airport) of the Tarai Region (Figure 1, Table 3.3.1). Central parts of the Mid-
Western Region (MWR) along with southern parts of Eastern, Western (WR) and Central Region of
the country received below normal rainfall. Rainfall was below 60 % of normal in most of the Tarai
Region. Dadeldhura recorded the highest 24 hour rainfall of 59.7 mm on 1st March, whereas Lumle
recorded the highest monthly total rainfall of 106.5 mm. Dhangadhi received highest percent (392%,
64.5mm) of rainfall in March 2014.
TEMPERATURE PATTERN
The mean temperature varied between less than -5°C in the northern parts to above 23 °C in the
southern plains; Tarai (Figure 3). Temperature was normal to below normal throughout the country
except some isolated patches of above normal temperature in MWR and WR and whole of the ER and
half of the CR. Most parts of CR and ER recorded mean temperature 0.5°C above normal. From the
mid parts of Central Region and to all of Western Region also recorded temperature normal to below
normal by more than -0.4 °C (Figure 4). Jaleswore in the CR recorded the highest mean temperature
anomaly of 3.6 °C while Taulihawa recorded the lowest temperature anomaly of -1.9°C. As compared
to other stations, Semari recorded the highest maximum temperature of 41.5°C on 30th March while
the lowest minimum temperature of -2.5 °C was recorded in Ilam Tea state on 6th March (Table
3.3.1).
The preliminary weather data for March 2014 is presented in Table 3.3.1.
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with 1km x 1km grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
46
47
Table 3.3.1.
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI 41.5 74.8 9 0 0 0 9.3/16 17.8 - 18.9/20 6.3 - -3/1 12.0 - 0
DADELDHURA 87.7 154.4 7 1 1 1 59.7/1 19.8 0.3 24.8/29 7.7 -0.8 0.9/1 13.8 -0.2 0
SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 29.2 -0.9 34.8/29 13.9 1.3 8.3/7 21.5 0.2 14
DARCHULA 35.0 50.7 5 1 0 0 10.6/23 25.3 -0.7 32/30 9.8 0.1 5.5/1 17.5 -0.3 4
BAJURA 44.2 76.7 4 2 0 0 17.7/19 20.8 - 27/29 7.5 - 3.8/1 14.1 - 0
DHANGADHI 64.5 392.5 2 2 1 1 52.6/1 29.7 -0.7 35.6/28 13.8 0.8 9.2/7 21.7 0.0 15
MANGALSEN 55.0 90.3 6 1 1 0 35.2/18 27.6 - 39.5/27 10.9 - 7/20 - 6
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 54.6 149.8 3 1 1 0 43.2/1 28.7 -1.0 36.4/29 11.5 0.7 7.4/6 20.1 -0.1 10
JUMLA 57.9 108.6 7 3 1 0 29.4/1 19.0 0.5 23.2/17 0.2 -0.1 -3.5/3 9.6 0.2 0
NAGMA 66.9 111.6 4 3 1 0 35.6/19 20.1 - 24.2/22 4.8 - 1.4/8 12.5 - 0
DAILEKH 25.2 68.8 2 1 0 0 20.6/1 25.2 1.3 29.8/10 10.8 -0.5 7.2/7 0
JAJARKOT 9.6 22.1 1 0 0 0 9.6/18 26.1 - 31.5/28 12.0 - 7.5/1 19.1 - 4
SURKHET 35.5 136.7 1 1 1 0 34/1 28.1 0.5 34.2/29 11.4 -0.4 7/7 19.7 0.0 10
GULARIYA 9.7 76.1 2 0 0 0 8.3/29 M M M 14.6 - 8.7/11 - 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 3.3 24.6 1 0 0 0 3.3/1 31.2 0.8 36.7/29 13.5 0.8 8.8/7 22.3 0.8 20
LIBANG GAUN 16.8 45.6 3 1 0 0 10.2/1 24.0 - 30/30 8.9 - 5/2 16.5 - 1
BIJUWAR TAR 10.2 36.6 1 1 0 0 10.2/23 31.2 - 35.1/16 13.3 - 10/17 22.2 - 22
SALYAN BAZAR 33.8 177.4 2 1 1 0 29/19 25.1 0.8 32/29 10.7 -0.6 7/3 17.9 0.1 5
CHAUR JHARI TAR 14.0 47.7 2 1 0 0 10/19 28.2 -0.6 33/31 10.0 -1.1 6.5/7 19.1 -0.9 12
GHORAI (DANG) 39.1 181.7 3 2 0 0 22/19 28.1 0.5 34.2/29 12.7 0.2 8.2/8 20.4 0.4 8
JOMSOM 9.6 36.4 3 0 0 0 4.3/18 15.1 -0.1 20.3/29 1.5 -0.2 -3.6/3 8.3 -0.2 0
BAGLUNG 34.1 98.4 2 2 0 0 22.6/19 26.1 -1.5 32.4/30 11.7 -0.2 7.7/7 18.9 -0.8 4
BENI BAZAR 41.2 278.0 7 0 0 0 8.2/19 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 34.2 220.6 9 0 0 0 8.5/18 28.1 0.6 35.6/29 10.8 -2.4 4.8/11 19.4 -0.9 9
TANSEN 31.7 132.4 4 1 0 0 17.2/23 25.1 1.2 32.6/29 12.9 -0.2 8/2 19.0 0.5 3
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 2.0 12.0 1 0 0 0 2/1 30.7 -0.6 38.8/28 14.3 -0.3 9.2/8 22.5 -0.5 19
DUMKAULI 7.1 32.0 2 0 0 0 5.5/23 30.8 -0.3 38/29 15.0 0.1 10/8 22.9 -0.1 19
KHANCHIKOT 34.2 103.5 3 2 0 0 17.5/1 19.4 0.2 24.5/30 10.2 -0.5 5/1 14.8 -0.1 0
TAULIHAWA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 30.3 -1.4 37.7/29 12.9 -2.3 8.1/8 21.6 -1.9 18
TAMGHAS 50.1 160.2 4 2 1 0 28.6/23 M M M M M M M M M
SEMARI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 33.3 2.6 41.5/30 16.2 2.2 10/3 24.8 2.4 25
KHUDI BAZAR 71.4 85.7 9 2 1 0 25.7/22 27.8 1.3 32.4/29 12.8 0.2 8.3/2 20.3 0.7 6
POKHARA AIRPORT 74.0 123.4 7 4 0 0 23.9/20 26.9 0.2 32.5/29 12.7 -0.1 8.2/2 19.8 0.1 7
SYANGJA 24.7 56.1 6 0 0 0 6.2/19 28.4 1.9 34/29 10.1 -1.3 7.2/11 19.2 0.3 10
GORKHA 66.3 153.2 7 1 1 0 32/26 27.8 0.8 33.4/29 13.6 -0.1 9.5/2 20.7 0.4 7
LUMLE 106.5 157.6 11 3 1 0 37.7/11 19.0 -0.4 23.5/28 9.2 -0.4 5/2 14.1 -0.4 0
KHAIRINI TAR 29.4 73.9 3 1 0 0 17.2/23 29.9 0.4 35.9/30 12.7 0.0 8/7 21.3 0.2 16
RAMPUR 10.2 45.0 2 0 0 0 7.2/23 31.1 -0.4 37.4/30 12.9 -0.5 7.5/8 22.0 -0.5 19
HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 29.8 -0.2 36/29 13.1 -0.1 9.7/3 21.4 -0.1 14
SIMARA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/2 32.4 1.6 39/29 11.9 -1.7 6.4/8 22.1 -0.1 20
NIJGADH 10.5 48.7 2 0 0 0 7.1/2 M M M M M M M M M
NUWAKOT 30.6 97.9 6 1 0 0 11.2/2 26.8 -0.8 32/30 13.6 -1.2 10.4/2 20.2 -1.0 6
GODAVARI 36.7 125.0 5 1 0 0 13/2 M M M M M M M M M
BAHRABISE 39.7 78.4 6 1 0 0 17.2/22 27.4 - 32.5/31 11.1 - 8/2 19.3 - 12
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 57.7 168.8 6 3 0 0 18.5/22 25.8 0.5 31.5/30 9.1 0.9 5.5/3 17.4 1.5 3
NAGARKOT 61.1 221.4 7 3 0 0 17.2/2 18.7 -0.2 24/30 7.4 -0.1 4/1 13.1 -0.1 0
DHUNCHE 59.8 96.1 5 2 1 0 28/22 18.6 - 22.5/30 7.7 - 5/1 13.2 - 0
KHOKANA 56.6 - 5 3 1 0 26/23 23.4 - 29/30 6.1 - 2.4/3 14.7 - 0
JIRI 32.2 278.9 5 1 0 0 10/31 21.7 2.3 25.5/26 4.4 0.9 1.2/8 13.1 1.6 0
SINDHULI MADHI 11.6 28.0 2 0 0 0 7.8/26 29.5 1.2 33.3/28 12.3 -0.9 9.2/3 20.9 0.2 15
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 3.4 29.5 1 0 0 0 3.4/1 31.0 -0.2 36.6/30 15.3 -0.2 10/8 23.2 -0.2 21
JALESORE M M M M M M M 31.9 0.9 36.5/29 22.7 6.4 16/1 27.3 3.6 23
MANTHALI 20.0 - 4 0 0 0 6.5/23 31.2 - 37.5/29 15.6 - 11.5/3 23.4 - 19
OKHALDHUNGA 16.8 60.3 2 1 0 0 14/26 21.8 0.5 26.8/30 8.9 -2.3 5.1/2 15.4 -0.9 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 0.2 0.7 0 0 0 0 0.2/1 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 6.0 31.5 2 0 0 0 4.5/24 M M M M M M M M M
RAJBIRAJ 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 33.0 0.4 36/22 17.0 1.1 13/8 25.0 0.7 30
CHAINPUR (EAST) 30.1 75.6 1 1 1 0 29/23 26.2 1.6 31.5/29 13.1 1.1 8.5/2 19.7 1.4 2
DHANKUTA 11.9 86.1 3 0 0 0 6.4/21 24.9 2.0 29.5/31 12.5 -0.1 10/3 18.7 1.0 0
DHARAN BAZAR 3.3 11.7 1 0 0 0 2.9/26 30.6 - 36.6/29 18.0 - 13/6 24.3 - 19
TERHATHUM 6.0 21.8 2 0 0 0 4/21 23.4 - 29/29 8.8 - 5.5/3 16.1 - 0
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 0.7 13.2 0 0 0 0 0.7/1 31.3 0.4 37.5/30 15.9 0.2 10.6/9 23.6 0.3 21
TAPLEJUNG 69.9 125.2 6 2 0 0 24.2/22 20.7 1.2 26.4/29 9.3 0.1 6.1/3 15.0 0.6 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 12.6 54.5 2 0 0 0 7.2/21 22.3 0.1 25.3/18 11.7 -2.5 8.9/6 17.0 -1.2 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 17.7 49.3 3 0 0 0 9.9/23 26.2 1.2 31.8/29 12.7 0.7 9.6/3 19.4 1.0 4
GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.6 2.5 0 0 0 0 0.6/26 31.4 0.2 37.5/30 16.2 1.4 13/8 23.8 0.8 21
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
March 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
48
3.4 APRIL
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Normal to below normal temperature was observed in most parts of Far and Mid-Western region
where as above normal was observed in whole eastern region and most parts of central region. Except
for isolated patches in north eastern part of central region, central part of eastern region and north
western part of western region, the entire country received below normal rainfall (Table 3.4.1).
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES Weather system of the country during April was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air
troughs and cyclonic circulations. Though many weather systems developed over Indian regions,
influence of one in each week, troughs and cyclonic circulations contributed rainfall over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Precipitation was received across the country except in some regions in the southern parts (Figure 1,
Table 3.4.1). Though rainfall was recorded in most parts of the country, it largely remained below
normal in the entire country except for isolated patches in north eastern part of Central Region,
Central part of Eastern Region and north western part of Western Region (Figure 2, Table 3.4.1).
Some of the stations lying in the southern parts of the country such as Bhairahawa Airport, Dumkauli,
Syangja, Semari and Janakpur Airport did not receive rainfall during the whole month. Jiri recorded
the highest monthly total rainfall of 66.9 mm while highest 24 hour rainfall of 41 mm was observed at
Khudibazar on 8th April. Dhankuta station in the eastern region recorded highest percentage (221.4%
of normal) of the rainfall in the month.
TEMPERATURE PATTERN
Mean air temperature in April varied between below 0oC in the northern high Himalayas to more than
28oC in the southern low lying Tarai region. Far and Mid-Western parts of Tarai region recorded
comparatively lower temperature than eastern and central Tarai where record was slightly above 28oC
(Figure 3, Table 3.4.1). Normal to below normal temperature was observed in most parts of Far and
Mid-Western region and adjoining north western and south western parts of Western region and
isolated patch over the southern parts of Central region (Figure 4). Whereas, above normal
temperature was observed in whole Eastern region and most parts of central region. The highest
positive temperature anomaly of 2.9oC was recorded in Syangja while Dunai recorded highest
negative temperature anomaly of -1.4oC. As compared to other stations, Nepalgunj Airport recorded
the highest maximum temperature of 41.8 °C on 30th April while the lowest minimum temperature of
0.1°C was recorded in Jumla on 4th April (Table 3.4.1).
The preliminary weather data for January 2014 is presented in Table 3.4.1.
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with (1km x 1km) grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
49
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
50
Table: 3.4.1
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI 8.3 13.9 3 0 0 0 3.5/12 25 - 25.8/3 8.1 - 7/1 16.6 - 0
DADELDHURA 14.5 26.3 6 0 0 0 4/17 24.2 0.5 28.5/30 12.2 -0.2 7.5/3 18.2 0.2 0
SUNDARPUR 5.3 31.6 3 0 0 0 2.5/18 34.9 -0.5 39.3/26 16.6 -1.0 12.3/11 25.8 -0.8 27
DARCHULA 25.0 36.8 3 1 0 0 12.6/3 29.8 -1.1 36/28 13.9 0.0 10.5/15 21.8 -0.6 20
BAJURA 27.2 44.8 7 0 0 0 7.1/18 26.4 - 29.5/26 11.2 - 8/4 18.8 - 0
DHANGADHI 13.2 56.0 3 0 0 0 5.6/3 35.5 -0.4 40.3/30 16.1 -1.5 12.2/1 25.8 -1.0 29
MANGALSEN 8.5 19.4 4 0 0 0 3.5/19 28.8 - 33/30 M M M M M 10
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 5.4 13.8 2 0 0 0 4.2/19 34.7 0.4 40.4/29 14.9 -0.4 11.4/4 24.8 0.0 25
JUMLA 15.9 37.4 4 0 0 0 6.8/14 22.6 0.9 27.4/29 3.3 -0.3 0.1/4 13.0 0.3 0
NAGMA 62.0 124.5 9 2 0 0 12.6/17 26.2 - 31.5/11 5.6 - 3.8/12 15.9 - 8
DUNAI 4.0 28.9 3 0 0 0 2/17 22.4 -2.3 24.5/26 6.9 -0.6 5/4 14.7 -1.4 0
DAILEKH 1.6 5.5 1 0 0 0 1.6/19 29.7 0.9 33.4/26 14.7 0.1 11.2/4 22.2 0.5 15
JAJARKOT 8.4 24.2 1 0 0 0 8.4/3 29.7 - 32.5/7 15.2 - 11.5/3 22.4 - 16
SURKHET 10.2 35.0 2 0 0 0 6.8/3 33.7 0.9 37.3/27 15.3 -1.2 11.7/2 24.5 -0.1 28
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 14.4 58.2 2 1 0 0 12.4/8 37.1 1.0 41.8/30 16.5 -1.9 11.7/2 26.8 -0.4 30
LIBANG GAUN 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 29.7 - 33/28 12.0 - 8/4 20.8 - 16
BIJUWAR TAR 6.0 15.8 1 0 0 0 6/3 32.8 - 36.2/20 13.7 - 10.8/5 23.2 - 29
SALYAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 29.6 1.6 32.2/26 15.7 0.4 11/17 22.7 1.0 16
CHAUR JHARI TAR 4.0 12.6 1 0 0 0 4/19 34.3 1.0 37.21/26 13.6 -1.5 11/2 24.0 -0.3 30
GHORAI (DANG) 2.4 9.0 1 0 0 0 2.2/3 34.3 1.5 37.5/26 17.0 -0.1 14/4 25.7 0.7 30
JOMSOM 36.6 184.4 7 1 0 0 11.7/19 18.0 -0.8 23/29 3.8 -0.5 0.7/12 10.9 -0.6 0
BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 30.8 -0.3 34.4/22 15.5 0.4 10.6/4 23.2 0.0 22
BENI BAZAR 24.1 134.7 6 0 0 0 7.5/27 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 19.4 76.4 4 1 0 0 14/27 32.7 1.0 37/23 14.5 -2.2 9.5/4 23.6 -0.6 26
TANSEN 6.5 20.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5/4 30.7 3.0 33.8/22 17.2 0.4 11.5/4 23.9 1.7 18.0
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.4 1.4 41.4/29 17.5 -2.4 12.3/16 27.5 -0.5 30.0
DUMKAULI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 36.5 1.2 39.8/24 19.0 -0.5 14.2/4 27.7 0.4 30.0
KHANCHIKOT 1.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5/3 24.3 1.4 27.1/26 14.8 0.6 8.6/3 19.6 1.0 0.0
TAULIHAWA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.5 0.6 40.8/26 17.1 -2.9 11.5/3 27.3 -1.2 30.0
TAMGHAS 12.4 22.3 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 10.8/4 27.8 2.0 33/30 14.0 0.6 10.2/1 20.9 1.3 6.0
SEMARI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 41.3 4.5 42.5/18 26.8 6.5 23/1 34.0 5.5 30.0
KHUDI BAZAR 60.3 54.6 5.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 41/8 31.0 1.1 34.2/25 17.0 1.2 11.6/4 24.0 1.1 21.0
POKHARA AIRPORT 48.2 37.8 5.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 20.3/8 31.3 1.5 34/22 15.8 0.1 4.8/8 23.5 0.8 22.0
SYANGJA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 33.9 3.8 37.4/19 16.5 2.0 12/11 25.2 2.9 30.0
GORKHA 15.4 17.6 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 12.4/8 32.9 1.4 36/30 17.6 0.3 12.8/4 25.2 0.8 26.0
LUMLE 50.5 45.5 7.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 12.4/26 23.2 0.4 25.5/22 12.7 0.0 8/4 17.9 0.2 0.0
KHAIRINI TAR 4.5 4.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5/4 35.0 2.1 37.9/22 14.4 -2.1 7.5/4 24.7 0.0 28.0
RAMPUR 3.9 6.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9/4 33.7 -2.0 36/26 16.6 -1.6 12.5/1 25.1 -1.8 30.0
HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 32.6 -1.1 34.5/31 17.2 -0.3 12.5/1 24.9 -0.7 31.0
SIMARA AIRPORT 2.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2/28 38.1 3.2 41.5/25 16.2 -2.9 11/1 27.1 0.2 30.0
NIJGADH 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1/18 M M M M M M M M M
NUWAKOT 16.8 29.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 16.2/8 31.7 0.5 34.3/25 17.9 0.1 13.4/4 24.8 0.3 25.0
GODAVARI 11.1 19.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4/8 26.8 1.7 29.8/26 8.0 -3.9 3.9/4 17.4 -1.1 0.0
BAHRABISE 6.2 7.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2/30 31.5 - 35.7/21 15.2 - 10/8 23.4 - 20.0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 3.9 6.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5/8 29.6 1.4 33.5/27 12.0 0.4 8.5/3 20.8 0.9 17.0
NAGARKOT 10.5 18.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9/8 23.0 0.6 26.3/21 11.4 0.8 7.5/4 17.2 0.7 0.0
DHUNCHE 17.9 23.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4/4 M M M M M M M M M
KHOKANA 16.1 - 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 13.7/8 M M M M M M M M M
JIRI 66.9 128.2 7.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 22.1/18 24.7 2.6 27/20 7.5 0.7 3.2/3 16.1 1.6 0.0
SINDHULI MADHI 48.5 69.9 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 32.3/28 34.2 2.5 37.2/25 15.8 -1.2 12.3/2 25.0 0.6 29.0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.4 2.6 40.4/26 19.8 -0.8 14.2/1 28.6 0.9 30.0
MANTHALI 11.0 - 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5/28 35.3 - 39/22 18.8 - 14.5/4 27.0 - 28.0
OKHALDHUNGA 5.8 9.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2/28 26.2 2.5 29.2/21 13.3 -0.6 10/4 19.8 1.0 0.0
KHOTANG BAZAR 13.9 29.3 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 10.4/30 M M M 19.9 - 14/1 M M M
LAHAN 19.0 41.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 13/28 35.8 1.6 39/25 19.9 -0.4 14/1 27.9 0.6 30.0
RAJBIRAJ 35.2 78.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 30/30 36.0 0.3 38.5/12 24.1 3.6 19.5/3 30.0 1.9 30.0
CHAINPUR (EAST) 130.2 131.2 11.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 24/27 M M M M M M M M M
DHANKUTA 42.7 221.4 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 17.8/24 28.4 2.5 31.8/26 16.1 0.2 12.5/4 22.2 1.4 6.0
DHARAN BAZAR 23.6 32.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8/30 35.0 - 37.8/24 22.5 - 18.5/3 28.8 - 29.0
TERHATHUM 23.0 28.2 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6/15 26.4 - 28.5/20 12.5 - 9/5 19.4 - 0.0
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 8.7 16.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5/28 36.1 2.2 39.6/25 20.0 -0.4 12.3/12 28.0 0.9 29.0
TAPLEJUNG 66.7 44.2 8.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 30.4/28 24.5 2.2 27.4/21 12.5 0.5 9.2/4 18.5 1.3 0.0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 11.1 19.8 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 11.1/17 24.4 -0.8 27.4/21 15.8 -0.9 12.5/4 20.1 -0.9 0.0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 20.4 26.1 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 16.5/28 30.3 2.1 33.5/21 16.0 0.3 12.5/4 23.2 1.2 19.0
GAIDA (KANKAI) 31.3 47.8 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 16.2/28 35.5 2.1 39.5/24 M M M M M 29.0
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
April, 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
51
3.5 MAY
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Major parts of the country received below normal rainfall. Mean temperature was above normal in
most of the places.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES
Weather system of the country during May was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air
cyclonic circulations and troughs along with local convection. Many weather systems developed over
Indian regions each week got influenced of one of them to bring rain to heavy rainfall over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Western parts of the country received less rainfall compared to the eastern parts (Figure 1). Major
parts of the country received below normal rainfall. However, isolated patches over central parts of
the Eastern, eastern parts of Central, and central Western received normal to above normal rainfall
(Figure 2). Maximum rainfall was received in Barhabise (205.5mm, 97.7%) and highest percent of
rainfall was received in Dhankuta (183.8mm, 173.8%). (Table 3.5.1, Fig-2). As compared to other
station, Tamghas recorded the highest 24hour rainfall of 84.6mm on 25th May.
TEMPERATURE PATTERN: Mean temperature in May varied between 13.0 oC to 32.9 oC (Table 3.5.1). Mean temperature was
above normal in almost all parts of the country with highest positive anomaly of 2.9 oC Semari.
However, the northern parts of the Western and Mid-Western region and southern end of Far Western
region has below normal to normal temperature with lowest negative temperature anomaly of -0.7 at
Godawari (Figure 4). Similarly, highest maximum temperature of 44°C was recorded in Semari on
21st May whereas Jumla recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 0.7°C on 13th May (Table
3.5.1).
The preliminary weather data for May 2014 is presented in Table 3.5.1.
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with 1km x 1km grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
52
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10
%
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
53
Table 3.5.1
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI 10.1 7.5 2 0 0 0 6.5/1 26.0 - 26.9/22 - 8/15 13.0 - 0
DADELDHURA 78.8 85.5 8 2 1 0 39.7/31 26.6 0.5 30.4/23 15.0 0.4 9.4/13 20.8 0.5 2
SUNDARPUR 18.1 32.0 3 0 0 0 7.6/2 37.7 0.8 41/23 21.2 -1.3 18.2/16 29.4 -0.3 31
DARCHULA M M M M M M M 34.4 0.5 39.5/20 17.6 -1.3 12/7 26.0 -0.4 30
BAJURA 80.8 70.0 8 3 1 0 29.4/31 28.9 - 32/20 14.5 - 11/29 21.7 - 13
DHANGADHI 7.2 9.1 3 0 0 0 4.1/3 38.7 1.5 42/23 21.2 -1.3 14.6/13 30.0 0.1 31
MANGALSEN 34.6 33.0 5 1 0 0 19.5/3 M M M M M M M M M
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 27.8 32.1 5 1 0 0 10.4/28 37.7 1.6 42.7/20 19.4 -0.1 12/13 28.6 0.8 30
JUMLA 43.0 74.9 8 0 0 0 8.8/14 25.1 1.0 29.2/19 7.0 -0.7 0.7/13 16.1 0.1 0
NAGMA 42.1 59.8 11 0 0 0 8.6/3 26.3 - 29/20 7.4 - 5/8 16.8 - 0
DUNAI 26.0 79.6 9 0 0 0 8/25 28.2 0.5 30/21 11.5 -0.2 9/1 19.8 0.1 2
DAILEKH 35.6 32.5 3 1 0 0 22/3 32.8 2.4 35.2/20 18.1 1.6 15.2/3 25.5 2.0 28
JAJARKOT 55.6 70.5 5 2 0 0 17.4/26 30.9 - 34.5/22 16.1 - 13.2/16 23.5 - 22
SURKHET 33.5 36.7 3 2 0 0 15.9/26 36.1 2.2 39.6/23 20.4 0.0 17.4/26 28.2 1.1 30
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 6.4 10.6 2 0 0 0 4.5/31 39.9 1.9 43.6/11 21.8 -1.3 14.4/13 30.9 0.3 30
LIBANG GAUN 66.1 62.4 4 3 1 0 31/26 31.6 - 36.5/20 15.0 - 12.5/6 23.3 - 25
BIJUWAR TAR 78.4 84.4 6 4 0 0 24.4/28 33.5 - 37.5/12 18.5 - 15.1/3 26.0 - 30
SALYAN BAZAR 34.0 37.6 4 1 0 0 18.2/27 31.6 2.7 36.2/20 18.4 0.6 14/4 25.0 1.7 25
CHAUR JHARI TAR M M M M M M M 37.0 2.4 40/22 17.9 -1.0 15.5/6 27.5 0.7 31
GHORAI (DANG) 78.6 84.0 6 4 1 0 30.6/28 35.6 1.9 38.9/20 21.3 -0.2 16/13 28.5 0.8 30
JOMSOM 34.6 175.5 6 1 0 0 11.8/25 20.7 -0.5 24.5/30 7.4 -0.2 4.2/14 14.0 -0.3 0
BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 32.0 0.5 36.2/21 18.7 0.8 15.3/6 25.4 0.7 24
BENI BAZAR 55.6 139.1 8 2 0 0 19.5/2 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 106.0 268.2 9 4 1 1 51/2 33.2 1.1 35/16 21.0 2.1 16/2 27.1 1.6 31
TANSEN 82.5 91.4 6 2 2 0 36.3/5 32.1 3.6 36/13 19.5 1.1 15.2/5 25.8 2.4 24
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 76.9 93.5 6 2 1 0 41/5 38.4 2.1 42.7/11 23.4 -0.3 20.6/16 30.9 0.9 29
DUMKAULI 121.4 63.2 6 3 2 1 59/5 37.1 1.8 41/21 23.1 0.0 19.8/5 30.1 0.9 31
KHANCHIKOT 77.4 69.9 7 4 0 0 23.3/26 25.9 2.2 29/22 16.3 0.6 11.7/5 21.1 1.4 0
TAULIHAWA 42.4 74.1 4 2 0 0 21.8/5 38.6 1.4 42/21 22.9 1.2 20.6/17 30.8 1.3 30
TAMGHAS 159.8 114.6 9 4 2 1 84.6/25 28.5 2.2 32/9 15.7 0.1 13/2 22.1 1.1 16
SEMARI 89.0 72.3 5 4 1 0 37/5 39.4 2.5 44/24 26.3 3.3 20/31 32.9 2.9 31
KHUDI BAZAR 126.7 53.3 13 5 0 0 22.5/30 31.7 1.2 34.8/18 18.7 0.4 11.9/30 25.2 0.8 22
POKHARA AIRPORT 125.5 34.9 11 5 1 0 25.6/5 31.7 1.6 34.5/11 19.0 0.6 16/6 25.4 1.1 27
SYANGJA 149.8 55.2 7 5 3 0 43.4/29 34.4 4.1 38.2/26 17.6 0.1 13.2/15 26.0 2.1 30
GORKHA 65.8 38.1 8 1 0 0 23.5/5 34.5 1.9 38/8 20.9 1.8 18.4/14 27.7 1.9 28
LUMLE 84.4 26.4 15 3 0 0 18/5 24.5 1.3 27/22 15.0 0.7 13/5 19.7 1.0 0
KHAIRINI TAR 114.2 35.5 9 4 2 0 33.6/10 35.1 2.2 37.9/22 23.1 3.2 18.4/3 29.1 2.7 28
RAMPUR 106.4 61.1 6 3 1 0 42.5/5 37.2 1.6 40.3/21 21.6 -0.6 18.4/16 29.4 0.5 30
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 76.2 39.0 9 2 0 0 22.4/26 35.8 2.1 40.8/11 21.7 0.7 19.5/2 28.8 1.4 27
SIMARA AIRPORT 164.0 125.3 8 5 2 1 80.6/26 36.3 1.4 40.7/11 21.6 -1.5 12.2/13 28.9 -0.1 28
NIJGADH 15.5 11.3 3 0 0 0 6/2 32.1 - 35.5/22 M M M M M 26
GAUR 67.1 51.8 4 4 0 0 24.4/5 29.9 -5.6 37/14 24.4 1.1 17.5/5 27.2 3.5 18
NUWAKOT 62.0 49.7 6 3 0 0 19.8/2 32.1 0.5 35.5/22 20.8 1.3 16.5/2 26.4 0.9 26
DHADING 121.5 65.2 6 3 3 0 40.2/3 33.6 - 39.5/14 23.5 - 21/25 28.6 - 28
GODAVARI 106.4 80.0 12 5 1 0 26.4/26 27.9 2.1 30.9/18 11.4 -3.5 8.1/5 19.6 -0.7 11
BAHRABISE 205.5 97.7 14 7 3 0 42.1/26 33.5 - 36.5/16 17.2 - 14/8 25.4 - 29
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 162.9 131.7 8 4 4 1 52.3/26 29.6 0.9 33/20 16.4 0.7 13/5 23.0 1.1 19
NAGARKOT 110.4 75.8 12 3 1 0 31.5/26 23.3 0.5 27.5/18 13.4 1.0 9.5/2 18.4 0.8 0
DHUNCHE 59.2 50.9 3 1 1 1 53.8/25 25.4 - 28/23 15.3 - 12/23 20.3 - 0
KHOKANA 119.6 - 11 4 2 0 27.2/26 28.9 - 33.5/23 14.3 - 11.5/17 21.6 - 17
JIRI 183.2 142.8 14 6 3 0 35.5/22 M M M M M M M M M
SINDHULI MADHI 135.2 62.5 10 4 2 0 48/24 M M M M M M M M M
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 182.1 142.0 7 5 2 1 79/5 36.0 1.5 40.6/21 24.5 0.5 20/5 30.3 1.0 28
JALESORE 144.5 - 4 4 2 1 70/26 36.3 0.5 40.5/21 26.7 2.4 22/26 31.5 1.5 30
MANTHALI 67.0 - 7 2 1 0 26/25 35.9 - 41/13 28.2 - 19.5/3 32.0 - 26
OKHALDHUNGA 98.9 64.3 9 3 1 0 32.8/2 26.0 1.4 30/22 14.9 -0.6 9.7/2 20.4 0.4 1
KHOTANG BAZAR 76.2 63.7 5 2 2 0 36.1/26 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 89.1 83.9 7 2 1 0 45/28 34.9 0.3 40/21 24.4 0.6 20/5 29.6 0.4 29
RAJBIRAJ 87.5 68.9 5 2 2 0 39.5/24 M M M 24.0 0.7 20/3 M M M
CHAINPUR (EAST) 162.5 82.0 14 6 3 0 30/29 M M M M M M M M M
DHANKUTA 183.8 589.5 10 5 2 1 82/28 28.1 1.6 31.9/23 18.9 1.1 15.2/2 23.5 1.3 5
DHARAN BAZAR 179.4 97.4 10 4 3 1 62.7/28 33.1 - 37.5/14 24.0 - 19/2 28.5 - 26
TERHATHUM 138.0 109.4 8 5 2 0 44.2/2 26.4 - 28.5/15 15.2 - 11/2 20.8 - 0
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 202.2 108.7 8 4 3 2 70.2/28 34.5 1.2 39.5/13 24.1 0.8 20.7/2 29.3 1.0 27
TAPLEJUNG 184.0 78.2 19 6 2 0 39.2/28 24.8 1.3 28.2/10 14.9 0.4 10.5/13 19.9 0.9 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 143.9 103.6 9 3 3 1 62.2/28 26.6 0.9 30.5/17 16.0 -2.0 11/27 21.3 -0.6 2
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 154.5 106.1 13 6 2 0 36/28 29.8 0.4 33.6/21 19.1 0.6 15.5/2 24.5 0.5 19
GAIDA (KANKAI) 40.7 19.2 4 1 1 0 33.8/2 33.3 0.1 38/15 22.0 0.4 18.5/2 27.6 0.3 27
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
MAY 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
54
3.6 JUNE
MAIN HIGHLIGHTS
All parts of the country remained warmer than normal with western parts relatively warmer than
central and eastern parts of the country. Precipitation was below normal to above normal in western
region, central region and eastern region whereas mid and far western region received below normal
rainfall.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES
The arrival of monsoon this year was on 20th June delayed by 10 days than normal date of 10th June
with a weak surge and covered the whole country within two days. A low pressure area was formed
on Bay of Bengal on 19th June which enhanced the activity of the southwest monsoon over eastern
part of Nepal by 20th June.
Monsoon Trough
During monsoon season, position of monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution of
rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal
generally gets significant rainfall and when it moves to the south, monsoon break period occurs
resulting in less or no rainfall. The axis of monsoon trough as usual oscillated south and north of its
normal position during this month.
Low Pressure Area (LPA)
The first low pressure area of the monsoon season formed over south Tamil Nadu across south
Chattisgarh, Telangana , interior Karnataka and over Lakshadweep area off Kerala coast which
extended from southwest Madhya Pradesh to north interior Karnataka across Vidarbha and
Marathwada (1st - 6th June) facilitating the advance of monsoon over the whole Indian subcontinent.
The second well-marked low pressure area over east central Arabian Sea concentrated into a d
epression on the 10th June 2014, further moved slowly westwards and intensified into a Cyclonic
Storm ‘NANAUK’ (10th – 17th June). The axis of monsoon trough at mean sea level passes from west
Uttar Pradesh to Mizoram across east Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and centre of above low pressure area
persists. The east-west trough at mean sea level now runs from Punjab to the north Bay of Bengal
across Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and the center of low pressure area (20th – 27th June).
Upper Air Cyclonic Circulation (UACC)
An upper air cyclonic circulation lied over east Uttar Pradesh and neighborhood extended above
mean sea level, a trough extended from this systems to Telangana across east Madhya Pradesh and
Vidarbha which led to the onset of the monsoon over Kerela in India.
The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extended over Jammu & Kashmir and
neighbourhood persists and is moving away northeastwards resulting the onset of monsoon over
Nepal.
Other UACCs also formed during this month enhancing rainfall activity over Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Rainfall was received throughout the country this month although it was above normal in only few
places. The central part of the WR and eastern parts of the country, except for Dhankuta, received
more rainfall in comparison to other parts of the country. The last week of the month has the more
contribution as the maximum rainfall occurred over most of the stations due to the delay of the
monsoon for 10 days. The maximum rainfall was recorded in Pokhara 687.8 mm (102.8%), Lumle
611.3mm (69.0%) and Gaida 582.5mm (129.9%). Whereas percentage wise it was maximum in
55
Biratnagar Airport 141.4% (427.4mm), Gaida 129.9% (582.5mm) and Okhaldhunga 118.7%
(354.1mm). Highest 24 hour rainfall (>92mm/24hour)were recorded at Pokhara Airport 188.4mm on
22nd followed by Gaida 98.6mm on 5th, Dharan Bazar 93.7mm on 3rd (Table 3.6.1. ). Most of the
western received only 30-60% of normal rain. Rainfall was below normal in large parts of the
country.
Table 3.6.1: Weekly distribution of precipitation over Nepal in June 2014
Week
Total rainfall (mm)
(arithmetic average from
station rainfall)
Percentage (%)
of monthly total
Daily rainfall
Intensity (mm)
1st 25.7 15.1 3.7
2nd 22.1 13.0 3.2
3rd 53.0 31.2 7.6
4th 53.0 31.2 7.6
Remaining 2 days 16.1 9.5 2.3
Total 169.9 100 24.3
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
The mean temperature was above normal in almost all of the places of the country. Highest positive
anomaly of mean temperature was observed in Semari and Salyan Bazar of 2.7°C. Syangja received
highest maximum temperature departure of 3.7°C and Godavari recorded highest minimum
temperature departure of -2.8°. The highest maximum temperature of 45.2 °C was recorded in
Dipayal (Doti) on 8th June whereas the lowest minimum temperature of 7°C was recorded in Jomsom
and Jumla on 2nd June.
Image: 1 Image: 2
Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian subcontinent on
date 20th June 2014, 4:45z which produced the rain in the day and the following days on setting the
monsoon of 2014.
56
Image 2: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian subcontinent on
the same date 20th June 2014, 4:15z.
The preliminary weather data for June 2014 is presented in Table 3.6.2.
Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with (1km x 1km) grid file the interpolated pictures of the
figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the
visitor of this weather summary.
57
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
Table 3.6.2
58
.
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI 158.1 78.3 9 3 2 1 70.5/29 25.2 - 25.8/9 10.0 - 9.3/7 17.6 - 0
DADELDHURA 87.0 50.7 6 4 1 0 32.4/18 28.0 2.0 31.5/6 18.1 1.5 15.6/2 23.1 1.7 7
SUNDARPUR 103.6 39.5 6 4 1 0 39.6/19 37.1 0.7 40.8/5 25.5 0.4 22.5/3 31.3 0.6 0
DARCHULA M M M M M M M 35.4 1.5 39.5/6 20.5 -0.4 16.5/3 27.9 0.6 0
BAJURA 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 30.5 - 32.5/7 18.2 - 14.5/2 24.3 - 0
DHANGADHI 84.4 33.4 7 2 1 1 56/20 38.2 1.9 42.3/5 25.5 0.4 22/22 31.9 1.1 30
MANGALSEN 74.0 36.5 4 3 2 0 27.5/18 M M M M M M M M M
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 142.4 88.3 10 6 2 0 36.7/18 39.2 2.9 45.2/8 24.6 1.7 19.6/3 31.9 2.3 29
JUMLA 24.5 33.1 5 1 0 0 10.2/2 28.5 2.5 34.8/13 13.1 0.2 7/2 20.8 1.4 3
NAGMA 14.3 18.5 5 0 0 0 4.8/9 29.2 - 32/25 7.5 - 5.4/26 18.4 - 0
DUNAI 30.0 77.5 5 1 0 0 12/26 30.5 1.8 33.5/8 16.3 0.3 11.5/2 23.4 1.0 24
DAILEKH 36.0 15.2 6 1 0 0 17.2/28 32.8 2.2 35.6/8 M M M M M 28
JAJARKOT 79.0 28.8 8 3 1 0 32.4/15 32.3 - 35.5/6 21.3 - 17.5/2 26.8 - 0
SURKHET 88.3 35.0 6 2 1 0 47/21 36.4 3.3 39.3/6 23.9 1.0 20.5/2 30.1 2.1 29
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 109.3 50.9 7 3 1 1 60.6/20 39.7 3.0 43.9/5 26.3 1.0 23/22 33.0 2.0 28
LIBANG GAUN 179.5 62.2 7 5 5 1 50/17 31.7 - 34.5/10 18.2 - 14/2 25.0 - 0
BIJUWAR TAR 133.2 58.6 8 5 2 1 50.5/21 33.2 - 36.2/13 19.8 - 10/24 26.5 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR 59.6 21.1 4 1 1 0 45.8/22 31.8 3.5 38.2/12 21.3 2.0 15.2/1 26.5 2.7 0
CHAUR JHARI TAR 57.0 38.1 4 2 1 0 30/14 37.5 2.8 40/7 23.0 0.0 18/2 30.3 1.4 0
GHORAI (DANG) 168.4 65.8 8 4 4 0 47/28 34.5 2.3 37.4/6 23.6 0.5 20.5/2 29.0 1.4 29
JOMSOM 10.6 44.5 2 0 0 0 8.5/1 23.9 0.9 26.5/29 12.6 0.6 7/2 18.2 0.8 0
BENI BAZAR 174.9 369.9 14 7 1 0 29/20 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 311.4 432.3 20 12 4 0 39/20 31.6 -0.3 34/21 22.5 1.3 21/7 27.0 0.5 0
TANSEN 55.5 21.9 14 1 0 0 11.4/6 30.6 3.0 33.6/15 20.9 0.9 18/2 25.8 1.9 32.3
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 37.1 1.7 41.5/16 26.6 1.0 23.5/10 31.9 1.3 29
DUMKAULI 510.8 127.1 17 10 8 6 89/21 35.8 1.1 39/3 25.8 0.5 23/26 30.8 0.8 30
KHANCHIKOT 328.6 119.4 7 4 3 2 150/2 25.6 1.6 27/10 17.8 0.6 14.5/2 21.7 1.1 0
TAULIHAWA 253.6 124.3 12 8 4 0 46.2/17 36.8 0.8 41.5/4 26.3 0.9 22.1/2 31.5 0.8 30
TAMGHAS 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 28.6 1.9 32/27 18.0 0.2 14.8/2 23.3 1.0 6
SEMARI 220.0 82.6 6 6 4 1 80/19 39.9 3.2 41.5/8 26.8 2.1 21.5/18 33.3 2.7 30
KHUDI BAZAR 416.1 76.1 24 12 8 0 44/22 31.5 0.7 34.4/5 21.5 1.0 18.2/2 26.5 0.8 25
POKHARA AIRPORT 687.8 102.8 24 15 10 3 188.4/22 31.9 1.3 33.7/3 21.8 0.9 18.2/2 26.9 1.1 26
SYANGJA 309.1 57.1 15 8 3 2 90.4/30 34.8 3.7 38/19 21.2 0.6 19.4/3 28.0 2.2 23
GORKHA 260.1 85.2 12 8 5 1 53.5/11 33.4 1.1 36/3 23.1 2.2 19.6/13 28.3 1.7 28
LUMLE 611.3 69.0 27 17 9 3 88.2/22 24.5 0.7 26/17 17.6 1.0 14.5/2 21.0 0.8 0
KHAIRINI TAR 476.2 107.7 21 18 5 1 111/23 34.7 1.4 38.9/4 23.2 0.5 19.9/2 28.9 1.0 30
RAMPUR 389.5 113.2 16 13 6 1 53/21 35.5 0.6 38.3/6 24.7 0.0 22/13 30.1 0.3 0
HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 33.9 1.0 37/5 23.9 0.7 19.4/13 28.9 0.8 0
SIMARA AIRPORT 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 35.2 0.9 38.4/5 25.2 -0.1 17.6/4 30.2 0.4 28
NIJGADH 24.7 8.6 6 0 0 0 7.1/10 M M M M M M M M M
BIRGANJ 24.7 10.0 6 0 0 0 7.1/10 M M M M M M M M M
GAUR 100.0 41.7 4 4 2 1 51.5/22 30.8 - 35.5/4 25.4 - 22.5/1 28.1 - 20
NUWAKOT 176.8 62.2 14 5 3 0 35.6/22 32.3 1.2 34.5/4 22.2 0.9 18.5/2 27.3 1.0 0
DHADING 81.8 24.3 8 3 1 0 30/14 33.1 - 39.5/10 23.7 - 21/18 28.4 - 0
GODAVARI 70.8 25.8 8 3 1 0 29/22 28.4 2.1 30.3/10 14.8 -2.8 11.4/2 21.6 -0.4 0
BAHRABISE 377.7 82.3 14 9 7 2 66/26 33.2 - 36.5/8 20.5 - 18/4 26.8 - 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 166.2 70.3 14 6 2 0 48.2/21 30.5 1.4 32.3/16 20.1 1.0 16/2 25.3 1.6 24
NAGARKOT 129.7 43.5 11 4 1 0 27/2 23.6 0.5 25.5/6 15.7 1.1 13.5/2 19.7 0.8 0
DHUNCHE 81.2 30.6 13 4 0 0 12.6/24 25.3 - 26/1 16.3 - 14/2 20.8 - 0
KHOKANA 310.3 - 14 8 3 1 99.8/11 M M M M M M M M M
JIRI 254.8 106.7 21 8 3 1 61.6/20 25.3 1.1 27/17 16.0 0.5 11/2 20.6 0.8 0
SINDHULI MADHI 372.5 80.2 20 11 7 3 68.3/6 33.0 1.7 37/1 23.5 1.3 20.7/13 28.2 1.5 30
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 197.9 82.9 12 7 2 1 57.1/10 35.3 1.2 38.6/5 26.6 0.7 22.8/10 30.9 0.9 30
MANTHALI 22.5 - 5 1 0 0 11/27 38.0 - 40/11 24.8 - 10/17 31.4 - 30
OKHALDHUNGA 354.1 118.7 18 11 4 2 83.6/28 25.8 0.4 29.7/5 17.1 -2.0 14.7/2 21.4 -0.8 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 127.2 64.9 11 5 3 0 36.3/20 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 249.7 104.4 13 6 3 2 66/3 34.1 0.1 37/2 25.4 0.1 20/4 29.7 0.1 0
RAJBIRAJ 226.8 88.2 16 4 3 1 59/4 33.3 -0.8 36/27 25.8 0.9 23/13 29.5 0.0 26
CHAINPUR (EAST) 146.9 65.0 13 5 1 0 34/22 M M M M M M M M M
DHANKUTA 45.4 103.0 11 1 0 0 11.6/22 28.4 1.4 29.8/17 21.2 1.3 19/1 24.8 1.3 0
DHARAN BAZAR 262.3 79.1 15 4 3 2 93.7/3 32.6 - 34.9/16 25.2 - 23.5/6 28.9 - 28
TERHATHUM 100.2 63.3 8 5 1 0 30.1/23 28.1 - 29.5/11 17.7 - 15.5/1 22.9 - 0
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 427.4 141.4 19 10 4 3 91.8/8 33.6 0.7 37.8/16 24.8 -0.4 21.8/24 29.2 0.2 29
TAPLEJUNG 313.8 106.4 17 9 4 1 72.5/29 26.5 1.8 29.7/5 18.2 1.0 15.7/1 22.4 1.4 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 274.5 93.7 15 5 3 2 105/23 26.8 0.9 28.7/11 17.2 -2.5 15/21 22.0 -0.8 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 143.7 77.8 11 6 2 0 37/22 31.1 1.4 33.9/5 22.0 0.9 19.6/1 26.5 1.2 24
GAIDA (KANKAI) 582.5 129.9 19 12 8 5 98.6/5 33.4 0.2 36/17 23.8 0.5 22.4/7 28.6 0.4 29
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
JUNE 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
3.7 JULY
MAIN HIGHLIGHTS
59
Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in July, 2014. Mean temperature
was also normal to above normal in most parts of the country.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Weather over Nepal was affected by the following systems enhancing the rainfall activities during
July 2014.
Monsoon Trough
During monsoon season, position of monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution of
rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal
generally gets significant rainfall and when it moves to the south, monsoon break period occurs
resulting in less or no rainfall. The axis of monsoon trough mostly remained normal or south of its
normal during this month.
Low Pressure Area (LPA)
Three low pressure area and one land depression were formed during this month. The formation of
LPA (1st-7th July) over northern Bay of Bengal and adjoining areas and its movement towards north-
northwesterly direction helped the monsoon to cover whole country by 4th July, 14 days later to the
onset date of monsoon. Another LPA (11th -18th July) over north western Bay of Bengal spurred the
vigorous monsoon condition over the Western Nepal. The formation of the land depression (21st -23rd
July) over north eastern parts of Odisha & its adjoining areas of Gangetic West Bengal and its
westward movement along with the LPA (27th – 31st July) over northwest Bay of Bengal, had mild
monsoon activity over Nepal during the period.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
July is the wettest month for Nepal. This year, rainfall in July was normal to above normal in large
parts of the country (Figure 2).
Rainfall was highest (>1000 mm) in central part of Western Region (WR) in Lumle while it was
lowest (<250 mm) in northern parts of the Mid-Western Region (MWR) and southern parts of the
Eastern Region (ER) (Figure 1).
Normal to above normal rainfall was recorded over central parts of the all the regions of the country,
whereas the upper Himalayas and the southern border of the country received normal to below normal
rainfall.
Monsoon was vigorous in 3rd week of the month (Table 3.7.1), as a result, good amount of rainfall
was recorded throughout the country in comparison to the other weeks.
As compared to other stations, Lumle recorded the highest 24-hr rainfall of 169.5mm on 18th July also
contributing to the highest monthly total rainfall of 1560.6 mm while Jalesore recorded the lowest
monthly total rainfall of 54.5 mm (Table 3.7.2).
Table 3.7.1: Weekly distribution of precipitation over Nepal in July 2014
Week Total rainfall (mm)
(arithmetic average from
Percentage (%)
of monthly
Daily rainfall
Intensity (mm)
60
station rainfall) total
1st 48.0 18.9 6.9
2nd 49.9 19.7 7.1
3rd 81.1 32.0 11.6
4th 54.5 21.5 7.8
Remaining 3 days 19.7 7.8 6.6
Total 253.2 100.0
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature in July varied from below 0°C in northern parts to above 30 °C especially in the
eastern and central Tarai region and some isolated patches in rest of the Tarai Region (Fig 3).
Mean temperature was normal to above normal (Figure 4) in almost all parts of the country, with
positive departures greater than or equal to 1.6oC in isolated patches over Western and eastern
Regions, whereas below normal temperature was observed in Northern limits of the FW and MW
regions.
The highest positive temperature anomaly of 1.9 °C was recorded in Gorkha while the highest
negative temperature anomaly of -1.3 °C was recorded in Kushma.
Similarly, highest maximum temperature of 39.5 °C was recorded in Dipayal on 3rd July whereas
Nagma recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 7.5 °C on 2nd July (Table 3.7.2).
The preliminary weather data for July 2014 is presented in Table 3.7.2.
61
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
Table 3.7.2
62
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI M M M M M M M 23.8 - 25.8/1 9.8 - 9/30 16.8 - 0
DADELDHURA 691.1 209.9 21 14 9 5 126.4/19 24.4 0.2 27.2/3 17.7 0.4 16.1/8 21.1 0.3 0
SUNDARPUR 516.5 97.0 22 13 7 4 68.2/12 32.8 -0.5 35.6/3 26.0 0.6 24.3/20 29.4 0.0 26
DARCHULA 361.7 50.8 26 17 1 0 28/29 31.0 -1.0 34.6/4 21.6 -0.1 15/25 26.3 -0.6 21
BAJURA 682.4 127.7 26 20 12 2 73.4/19 27.6 - 30/30 19.4 - 18/8 23.5 - 1
DHANGADHI 321.6 56.8 22 11 4 1 89.5/21 33.6 0.4 38/3 25.6 -0.1 23/6 29.6 0.2 30
MANGALSEN 388.1 117.7 22 13 7 1 52.3/20 30.2 - 33/2 M M M M M 21
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 259.9 108.9 17 11 2 0 39/18 34.0 -0.1 39.5/3 24.4 0.3 20/18 29.2 0.1 26
JUMLA 247.6 137.4 25 10 0 0 22.6/19 25.4 0.4 28.6/10 16.2 0.6 14.7/8 20.8 0.5 0
NAGMA 275.3 199.4 24 11 2 0 41.8/8 32.2 - 34/1 9.4 - 7.5/2 20.8 - 31
DUNAI 132.0 178.2 23 4 0 0 12/29 28.1 -0.5 30/1 18.1 0.3 17/1 23.1 -0.1 2
DAILEKH 495.5 99.0 23 17 6 1 115.2/8 27.3 -1.3 31.4/3 20.2 2.3 18.2/7 23.8 0.5 2
JAJARKOT 417.4 84.8 28 19 4 0 47.6/16 28.5 - 32.5/2 21.3 - 19.5/30 24.9 - 7
SURKHET 646.8 137.1 19 15 8 5 110/8 31.4 0.7 33.7/30 23.8 0.3 21.6/8 27.6 0.5 29
GULARIYA 380.7 90.3 13 9 6 2 89.1/7 M M M M M M M M 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 373.1 81.0 21 8 4 3 106.3/7 34.8 1.4 39.3/22 26.2 0.4 23.8/9 30.5 0.9 29
LIBANG GAUN 360.8 91.4 21 15 6 1 50/15 28.8 - 31.5/5 18.9 - 17.5/30 23.9 - 11
BIJUWAR TAR 221.2 70.0 16 6 5 0 44/19 M M M M M M M M 0
SALYAN BAZAR 294.4 68.4 17 8 3 1 70.2/7 28.0 1.5 32/6 20.0 0.7 14/7 24.0 1.1 4
CHAUR JHARI TAR 309.3 118.5 17 11 5 1 53/16 33.4 1.3 38/1 23.2 0.7 21/31 28.3 1.0 29
GHORAI (DANG) 540.0 130.7 25 11 9 3 119.8/7 31.6 1.8 33.4/21 23.6 0.5 21.5/30 27.6 1.2 27
JOMSOM 71.3 165.2 14 1 0 0 10.8/19 23.0 0.0 24.8/10 14.7 1.1 12.5/16 18.8 0.6 0
BENI BAZAR 407.9 747.4 25 15 7 1 61.5/18 M M M M M M M M 0
KUSHMA 697.5 723.5 28 22 10 5 95/6 32.9 1.6 37/22 17.9 -4.1 14/13 25.4 -1.3 27
TANSEN 454.2 94.5 22 15 6 3 74/15 29.2 2.6 31.8/30 21.1 0.7 19.8/28 25.2 1.6 13
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 259.5 47.6 17 6 3 1 108/19 34.0 1.0 36.6/21 26.7 0.8 24.2/13 30.3 0.9 29
DUMKAULI 653.6 99.3 24 17 10 3 135/19 33.7 0.8 35.8/28 25.6 -0.1 20.8/7 29.7 0.3 30
KHANCHIKOT 514.5 102.1 23 12 7 3 94.5/19 23.8 0.9 26.7/21 17.4 -0.1 16.6/29 20.6 0.4 0
TAULIHAWA 247.5 49.8 15 7 4 1 66.2/1 33.2 -0.3 35.2/21 26.9 1.6 24.6/1 30.1 0.6 30
TAMGHAS 572.4 115.2 20 14 11 3 62.9/5 26.8 1.1 29/2 19.2 0.4 17.6/25 23.0 0.7 0
SEMARI 296.9 51.5 19 8 4 2 66/20 35.5 0.4 41/31 26.0 0.3 21.5/4 30.7 0.3 31
KHUDI BAZAR 708.9 83.2 30 22 13 0 44/17 31.4 1.2 32.8/20 22.4 1.2 21.4/4 26.9 1.2 25
POKHARA AIRPORT 800.4 85.1 27 19 12 4 101.8/1 31.4 1.4 33.5/21 22.3 0.3 20.3/1 26.8 0.8 28
SYANGJA 527.1 70.3 22 17 11 1 90.4/1 33.2 2.6 35.6/30 22.0 0.1 20.6/22 27.6 1.4 31
GORKHA 320.0 74.7 24 10 4 0 46.5/17 32.0 1.7 33.8/13 23.6 2.1 21.2/1 27.8 1.9 29
LUMLE 1560.6 106.2 31 24 21 13 169.5/18 23.9 0.5 27/21 18.1 0.5 16/1 21.0 0.5 0
KHAIRINI TAR 503.5 94.0 20 13 7 2 76.8/15 33.8 1.4 35.9/30 24.4 0.7 22.4/1 29.1 1.1 29
RAMPUR 503.5 89.2 20 13 7 2 76.8/15 33.6 0.5 36/26 25.8 0.5 22/1 29.7 0.5 30
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 428.0 64.1 22 12 5 2 101.2/19 32.6 1.0 34.5/31 24.5 0.9 23.2/30 28.6 1.0 31
SIMARA AIRPORT 334.5 57.6 24 10 4 2 71.8/10 34.2 1.8 35.6/20 26.1 0.6 24/4 30.2 1.2 28
NIJGADH 107.3 18.5 20 4 0 0 12.2/4 M M M M M M M M M
GAUR 126.0 32.7 7 6 1 0 28/4 29.3 - 31/6 24.3 - 20.5/3 26.8 - 9
NUWAKOT 551.5 112.8 24 17 9 3 63.6/22 30.6 0.4 32.5/10 22.3 0.6 20.7/1 26.5 0.5 26
GODAVARI 493.6 101.9 27 17 7 2 70.2/24 26.8 1.5 29.3/10 15.8 -2.8 13.7/1 21.3 -0.7 0
BAHRABISE 727.1 100.3 30 23 13 4 70.7/13 31.1 - 34/14 21.7 - 19.8/8 26.4 - 25
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 462.3 127.2 23 14 6 2 93.1/1 29.5 1.1 31.5/9 20.9 0.7 19/1 25.2 1.3 14
NAGARKOT 499.8 110.1 24 16 10 1 52/30 22.3 -0.1 25/13 16.0 0.6 13.5/13 19.2 0.3 0
DHUNCHE 715.7 159.3 28 25 10 2 93.4/19 25.2 - 26.5/16 16.9 - 16/5 21.0 - 0
KHOKANA 225.8 - 23 10 1 0 30.6/24 28.7 - 31/12 20.6 - 18.5/1 24.6 - 6
JIRI 751.8 154.2 29 22 9 4 99.3/17 24.7 0.9 26.5/12 17.4 0.4 14.6/1 21.1 0.7 0
SINDHULI MADHI 555.1 75.6 24 13 8 3 98/11 32.2 1.8 34/23 24.1 0.9 22.5/3 28.2 1.3 30
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 264.0 54.1 9 5 4 2 74.8/24 34.0 1.6 36.4/12 26.9 0.8 20.2/2 30.5 1.2 30
JALESORE 54.5 - 5 4 0 0 15/23 34.4 0.9 37.2/6 25.0 -1.1 23/22 29.7 -0.1 31
MANTHALI 217.0 - 20 8 2 0 37/24 34.8 - 37.5/12 24.0 - 22.5/25 29.4 - 31
OKHALDHUNGA 246.2 52.2 21 5 2 1 97.4/13 25.6 1.5 27.2/13 17.6 -0.2 16.8/3 21.6 0.7 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 69.6 20.1 10 2 1 0 29.4/27 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 216.0 53.7 18 5 2 1 79/13 33.1 0.8 35.5/20 26.2 0.9 20/1 29.7 0.8 30
RAJBIRAJ 205.7 46.7 17 8 2 0 31/6 33.3 0.6 35.5/12 26.1 1.3 24/29 29.7 0.9 30
CHAINPUR (EAST) 171.2 56.5 18 6 1 1 53.6/12 29.8 2.3 31.2/5 20.2 1.0 18.8/26 25.0 1.6 23
DHANKUTA 109.9 44.0 13 5 1 0 28.8/24 28.8 2.0 30.7/22 21.3 1.1 20/29 25.1 1.6 3
DHARAN BAZAR 297.2 51.0 17 12 4 0 48.1/28 32.6 - 34.4/26 25.6 - 23.9/28 29.1 - 30
TERHATHUM 101.8 45.1 13 2 1 0 33.8/24 M M M M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 197.0 37.1 15 5 3 1 70.5/3 33.8 1.7 36.1/26 26.3 0.7 20.8/31 30.0 1.2 29
TAPLEJUNG 323.4 77.7 21 7 4 2 97.4/13 26.9 2.2 28.9/20 18.8 0.8 16.8/28 22.8 1.5 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 214.7 47.6 13 7 2 1 52/24 26.9 1.5 29/27 16.9 -3.0 15/15 21.9 -0.7 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 158.7 47.2 20 4 1 0 29.2/24 30.2 1.5 32.8/31 22.3 0.9 20/28 26.2 1.2 19
GAIDA (KANKAI) 427.3 56.4 22 12 7 3 65.6/8 34.2 1.6 36.5/12 25.0 1.3 23.8/15 29.6 1.4 31
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
JULY 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
63
3.8 AUGUST
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in August 2014. Mean
temperature was above normal in most parts. Surkhet and Dang experienced the record breaking
rainfall of 423.1mm and 298.4mm on 15th of this month.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Weather over Nepal was affected by the following systems enhancing the rainfall activities during
August 2014.
Monsoon Trough
During monsoon season, position of the monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution
of rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal
generally gets significant rainfall and when it moves to the south, monsoon break period occurs
resulting in less or no rainfall.
The axis of monsoon trough mostly remained north of its normal position. It shifted to the foothills of
Himalayas by the 13th of this month which spurred the vigorous monsoon condition over the whole
country.
Low Pressure Area (LPA)
Three low pressure areas and a deep depression formed during successive weeks of August. The deep
depression (3rd -6th August) formed over coastal areas of West Bengal and neighborhood contributed
rainfall over central and western parts of Nepal. LPA (9th – 11th August) over north Bay of Bengal and
its north westward movement and dissipation led the monsoon trough to shift towards the foot hills of
the Himalayas on 13th August. Two other well marked low pressure were formed during last weeks of
this month over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
The low pressure area enhances the rainfall activity during monsoon but the area of its influence is
determined by the position of monsoon trough.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
This year, rainfall in August was normal to above normal in large parts of the country (Figure 2).
Rainfall was below 800 mm in most parts of the country. Whereas below 200 mm were observed in
the isolated patches over northern parts of Mid-Western Region (MWR), the central part Far Western
Region (FWR) and Dhankuta, in the Eastern region (ER). However, it was above 1600 mm in an
isolated patch in WR in and around Lumle (Figure 1).
Most of the central parts of FWR and MWR, north western parts of the Western Region (WR) and
south eastern parts in the Central Region (CR) and Eastern Region (ER) received below normal
rainfall whereas rest of the country received normal to above normal rainfall.
Monsoon was more active in 2nd and 3rd weeks of the month (Table 3.8.1); in comparison to the other
weeks.
As compared to other stations, Lumle recorded the highest monthly total rainfall of 1681.7 mm (114.5
% of normal rainfall) while Jomsom recorded the lowest rainfall of 20.3 mm (47 % of normal
rainfall) (Table 3.8.2). Kushma recorded highest percentage of rainfall this month with 1006.1%
(969.9mm).
64
Surkhet recorded the highest 24-hr rainfall of 423.1 mm on 13th August as compared to other stations
during August.
Table 3.8.1: Temporal distribution of average rainfall in August, 2014
Week Total rainfall (mm)
(arithmetic average
from station rainfall)
Percentage (%)
of monthly total
Daily rainfall Intensity
(mm)
1st 62.3 16.6 8.9
2nd 108.8 29.0 15.5
3rd 114.5 30.5 16.4
4th 75.9 20.2 10.8
Remaining 3 days 14.2 3.8 4.7
Total 375.7 100.0
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature in August varied from below 0°C in northern Himalayas to above 29 °C in the
southern plains (Figure 3, Table 3.8.2).
Mean temperature was normal to above normal in most parts of the country. Below normal
temperature was only recorded in isolated patches around Rampur and Jalesore of the CR. (Figure 4).
As compared to the other stations highest maximum temperature of 38.5 °C was recorded in
Dhangadhi on 30th August whereas Jomsom recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 12°C on
31st August (Table 3.8.2).
The preliminary weather data for August 2014 is presented in Table 3.8.2.
65
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
Table 3.8.2
66
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI M M M M M M M 25.4 - 25.9/5 9.2 - 8/24 17.3 - 0
DADELDHURA 147.4 44.8 10 5 2 1 56.4/16 25.9 2.1 27.5/5 18.0 0.9 15.4/16 22.0 1.5 0
SUNDARPUR 532.7 100.1 14 10 6 4 88.8/1 33.6 0.5 36.2/30 25.9 0.7 24.4/15 29.8 0.6 30
DARCHULA 548.1 77.0 31 27 2 0 31/20 33.0 1.5 35.5/15 21.6 0.2 19.5/16 27.3 0.9 29
BAJURA 650.9 121.8 23 16 8 5 88.3/6 28.1 - 30.5/10 19.3 - 17.6/31 23.7 - 1
DHANGADHI 449.3 79.4 16 10 5 4 104.6/15 34.1 1.4 38.5/30 25.4 -0.2 22.8/27 29.7 0.6 30
MANGALSEN 143.3 43.5 13 5 1 0 41.2/14 M M M M M M M M 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 145.0 60.7 8 5 3 1 53.3/15 34.7 1.0 36.8/5 24.5 0.8 22.7/16 29.6 0.9 30
JUMLA 121.8 67.6 14 3 0 0 24.2/15 25.8 1.2 27.5/30 15.7 0.4 13/19 20.8 0.8 0
NAGMA 145.2 105.1 13 5 1 0 42/15 28.2 - 32/1 9.8 - 7/11 19.0 - 8
DUNAI 113.0 152.6 17 3 0 0 14/15 27.1 -0.6 28/6 18.0 0.8 16/19 22.5 0.1 0
DAILEKH 370.9 74.1 25 13 3 1 82.2/15 27.5 -0.9 29.4/6 19.9 2.3 18.6/4 23.7 0.7 0
JAJARKOT 329.0 66.8 20 7 4 1 124/15 28.1 - 30.5/2 21.1 - 20/2 24.6 - 2
SURKHET 794.4 168.3 18 10 4 3 423.1/15 31.9 1.3 34.2/1 23.5 0.2 21.4/15 27.7 0.8 27
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 469.1 101.9 18 11 3 3 184.4/15 35.1 2.0 38.2/30 25.5 0.1 22.4/23 30.3 1.0 30
LIBANG GAUN 218.3 55.3 10 8 3 1 50/11 28.4 - 31.5/1 18.3 - 16/31 23.3 - 6
BIJUWAR TAR 320.9 101.6 14 6 3 1 164.5/15 M M M M M M M M 0
SALYAN BAZAR 522.6 121.4 12 8 6 3 200.8/15 27.9 1.0 30/1 19.8 0.7 18/15 23.8 0.9 4
CHAUR JHARI TAR 305.2 116.9 12 4 4 1 165/15 32.2 0.3 34/1 22.7 0.4 21.5/2 27.4 0.4 28
GHORAI (DANG) 586.4 141.9 24 11 4 2 298.4/15 31.4 1.8 33.8/2 23.0 0.2 21.5/15 27.2 1.0 27
JOMSOM 20.3 47.0 6 0 0 0 6.5/15 23.2 0.5 26.5/2 14.4 0.8 12/31 18.8 0.7 0
KUSHMA 969.9 1006.1 27 18 16 10 98/27 32.2 1.4 37/26 21.5 -0.3 19/15 26.8 0.6 27
TANSEN 309.2 64.3 15 8 4 1 125.5/15 28.7 1.6 31.8/11 20.7 0.3 19.2/15 24.7 1.0 9
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 555.3 101.8 17 10 9 6 82/15 33.9 0.5 37.4/2 26.3 0.4 24.5/18 30.1 0.5 28
DUMKAULI 735.3 111.7 17 13 6 3 201/15 33.4 0.1 35.8/29 25.2 -0.5 21/27 29.3 -0.2 28
KHANCHIKOT 526.7 104.5 19 5 4 3 223/15 24.1 0.7 33.2/16 17.2 -0.2 15.8/15 20.6 0.2 1
TAULIHAWA 642.0 129.2 19 11 6 4 132/15 32.5 -0.6 34.9/2 25.6 0.2 23.7/24 29.1 -0.2 29
TAMGHAS 380.7 76.6 18 9 3 2 105.4/15 26.0 0.1 29.2/1 18.3 -0.1 16.5/29 22.2 0.0 0
SEMARI 606.0 105.1 18 16 8 4 110/14 35.2 0.5 43/2 24.7 -0.7 22/15 30.0 -0.1 31
KHUDI BAZAR 652.0 76.5 28 21 13 0 43/15 30.9 0.6 33.3/5 22.2 1.1 20.1/23 26.6 0.9 25
POKHARA AIRPORT 1421.7 151.2 24 18 13 9 218.3/20 30.5 0.4 33.2/5 22.4 0.4 20.2/27 26.5 0.4 23
SYANGJA 803.7 107.2 22 14 8 4 243.5/27 36.3 - 38.2/17 21.5 - 19.2/7 28.9 - 31
GORKHA 435.6 101.7 17 8 5 3 103.7/15 31.3 1.0 33.5/2 23.4 2.1 21.8/27 27.3 1.6 27
LUMLE 1681.7 114.5 29 26 19 14 174/8 23.0 -0.6 25.5/1 17.5 0.1 15.5/27 20.3 -0.2 0
KHAIRINI TAR 507.0 94.6 18 10 6 3 133.8/15 33.0 0.4 35.5/5 24.1 0.2 21.8/27 28.6 0.3 28
RAMPUR 795.7 140.9 25 15 6 6 241.1/14 33.0 -0.6 35.3/29 25.3 -0.1 23.5/15 29.1 -0.3 28
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 745.4 111.6 25 15 11 6 82/3 31.7 -0.3 34.5/30 23.9 0.4 22.6/15 27.8 0.1 26
SIMARA AIRPORT 421.7 72.6 19 9 6 3 87.4/15 33.1 0.3 36/2 25.3 -0.1 23.5/26 29.2 0.1 28
GAUR 255.6 66.3 6 6 5 1 82.4/22 29.5 - 31/9 24.1 - 21.5/12 26.8 - 13
NUWAKOT M M M M M M M 30.2 -0.2 31.8/2 21.9 0.4 20/29 26.1 0.1 21
GODAVARI 338.2 69.8 21 9 4 2 69.5/9 26.7 1.5 29/2 15.1 -3.3 12.8/30 20.9 -0.9 0
BAHRABISE 723.5 99.8 30 24 11 3 75.1/14 29.8 - 32.5/2 21.6 - 19.5/16 25.7 - 21
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 310.7 85.5 27 10 4 0 45.8/28 29.3 0.7 31.2/5 20.6 0.7 19/30 25.0 0.7 17
NAGARKOT 390.1 85.9 25 12 5 0 49.6/14 21.8 -0.7 24/30 15.7 0.4 14.5/16 18.7 -0.1 0
DHUNCHE 621.4 138.3 31 24 10 1 54.6/17 24.2 - 26/13 16.1 - 15/6 20.1 - 0
KHOKANA 225.4 - 20 8 1 1 64.2/15 28.1 - 29.5/11 20.2 - 18.5/16 24.2 - 0
JIRI 715.8 146.8 28 14 10 4 138.2/28 24.2 0.2 27.1/5 17.2 0.4 14.3/30 20.7 0.3 0
SINDHULI MADHI 363.1 49.5 20 11 5 1 61.1/30 31.6 1.3 33.3/29 24.0 1.0 22/30 27.8 1.2 28
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 570.0 116.9 16 10 8 6 96.8/13 32.9 0.2 35.6/8 26.6 0.2 22.6/26 29.8 0.2 26
JALESORE 523.5 - 17 15 7 1 155/23 34.2 0.7 38/11 24.9 -1.3 22/24 29.6 -0.3 31
MANTHALI 269.5 - 16 5 3 2 99/14 33.5 - 35.5/11 23.3 - 22/17 28.4 - 30
OKHALDHUNGA 425.5 90.1 22 13 4 2 95.2/14 24.6 0.2 27.3/2 17.7 0.0 15.3/27 21.2 0.1 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 191.4 55.2 9 5 3 3 55.4/13 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 291.5 72.5 12 10 4 2 71/14 32.4 -0.2 34.5/2 26.1 0.9 24/20 29.2 0.4 28
RAJBIRAJ 362.7 82.3 17 11 5 2 73/19 32.9 -0.2 35/1 25.4 0.1 20.5/16 29.2 0.0 30
CHAINPUR (EAST) 270.7 89.3 20 7 4 0 46/13 M M M M M M M M M
DHANKUTA 161.3 96.6 11 5 2 1 60/14 27.5 0.5 30.2/29 20.9 0.8 19.8/28 24.2 0.6 2
DHARAN BAZAR 625.8 107.4 20 12 9 5 113.5/14 31.6 - 34.5/30 24.9 - 22/31 28.2 - 25
TERHATHUM 144.4 64.0 12 4 2 0 42.4/15 M M M M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 350.7 66.1 17 10 4 1 133.5/14 33.3 0.8 36/30 25.5 -0.3 17.3/5 29.4 0.2 27
TAPLEJUNG 396.9 95.3 23 11 7 1 53.7/24 26.0 1.1 28.8/29 18.3 0.6 16.9/27 22.2 0.8 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 169.5 37.6 9 6 3 0 36.2/9 25.9 0.2 29.5/29 16.7 -3.2 15.1/19 21.3 -1.5 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 272.8 81.2 17 8 3 0 48.1/14 30.1 1.5 32.6/1 21.8 0.4 19.5/13 25.9 0.9 22
GAIDA (KANKAI) 456.4 60.2 24 9 7 2 89.5/14 32.8 -0.4 36.2/8 24.8 0.8 23/26 28.8 0.2 27
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
August, 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
67
3.9 SEPTEMBER
MAIN HIGHLIGHT:
Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in the August 2014. The
temperature was above normal over the country except most of the northern parts of the Western
(WR), Mid-western region (MWR) and few of the Eastern(ER), Central (CR) and Far-western region
(FWR) of the country.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
Low pressure areas formed over the Bay of Bengal as well as Arabian sea contributed rainfall in
interaction with the trough in mid latitude westerlies during first week of this month. The axis of
monsoon trough mainly remained normal or south of its normal position in first half of September.
Thereafter it weakened and became less delineated since 22nd September. Similarly, a low pressure
area (16th – 24th September) formed over North West Bay of Bengal contributed rainfall in mainly
eastern parts of Nepal.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
Central to northern parts of FWR, Eastern parts of MWR, North Western and Southern parts of WR
recorded below normal Rainfall whereas moreover rest of the country recorded normal to above
normal rainfall (Figure 2).
Spatial distribution of rainfall shows the highest rainfall in and around Lumle as usual (Figure 1). The
monthly total rainfall varied between 9.6 mm in Jomsom to 839.9 mm in Lumle in the western
Region (Figure 1, Table 3.9.2). As compared to the other stations, Dhangadhi recorded the highest
24-hr rainfall of 172.0 mm on 5th September (Table 3.9.2). Most of the rainfall was received during
the first, second and third week with the highest amount during the second week (Table 3.9.1).
Similarly, Figure 5 presents the amount and percentage of accumulated rainfall during monsoon
season (June-September) with accumulated normal rainfall. Rainfall was consistently below normal
in most of the stations on most of the days from the beginning of monsoon season. All the Tarai
stations recorded below normal rainfall. Among these stations Surkhet received highest among the
stations selected with >120% of the rainfall whereas the Kathmandu airport, Lumle, Pokhara and
Jumla received >100% of the rainfall at the end of the monsoon season with the major contribution of
rain after 2nd week of September (Table 3.9.1). The second week of September has the contribution of
around 50% of total month. The rest of the stations received below normal rainfall.
Table 3.9.1: Temporal distribution of average rainfall in September, 2014
Week Total rainfall (mm)
(arithematic average
from station rainfall)
Percentage (%) of
monthly total
Daily rainfall Intensity
(mm)
1st 31.2 19.4 4.5
2nd 54.1 33.5 7.7
3rd 42.8 26.6 6.1
4th 27.8 17.2 4.0
Remaining 2 days 5.3 3.3 0.8
Total 161.3 100.0
68
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature in September varied from below -8°C in the northern parts to above
27 °C in the southern plains (Figure 3).
Most of the country recorded normal to above normal temperature. However, the northern parts of the
country recorded normal to below normal temperature (Figure 4)
As compared to the other stations, Dipayal recorded the highest maximum temperature of 36.8°C on
18th September whereas Jumla and Jomsom recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 6.4 °C on
27th & 30th September respectively (Table 3.9.2).
Sat Pic.:1 Sat Pic.:2
Satellite picture 1 shows the Figure from the Kalpana Met satellite with visible linear stretch of 9th
September 2014.
Satellite picture 2 shows the Figure from the Kalpana Met satellite with Mercator projection of of
28th September 2014.
The preliminary weather data for September 2014 is presented in Table 3.9.2.
69
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
70
Table 3.9.2
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
BAITADI M M M M M M M 23.3 - 23.9/17 9.3 - 8.3/11 16.3 - 0.0
DADELDHURA 118.9 60.7 12 4 1 0 39/29 24.9 1.6 27.4/18 16.0 0.6 12.8/26 20.5 1.1 0.0
SUNDARPUR 340.9 107.5 11 7 5 3 87.5/9 33.0 0.4 35.5/7 24.0 0.3 20.8/29 28.5 0.4 30.0
DARCHULA 461.7 137.5 30 28 2 0 39.2/10 32.0 1.0 34/2 19.4 -0.3 15.5/28 25.7 0.3 29.0
BAJURA 160.3 71.3 16 6 1 0 42.6/14 26.9 - 29/9 M M M M M 0
DHANGADHI 402.9 136.2 11 6 3 2 172/5 33.8 1.4 36.4/19 23.3 -0.9 21.2/28 28.6 0.3 29
MANGALSEN 154.7 94.3 9 4 1 1 70.2/20 M M M 17.3 - 13/20 - 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 51.3 30.7 7 2 0 0 12/1 34.0 0.9 36.8/18 22.8 0.9 19.7/26 28.4 0.9 28
JUMLA 103.1 100.4 10 3 1 0 36/4 25.5 1.3 29/18 12.5 0.2 6.4/27 19.0 0.7 0
NAGMA 53.9 62.7 7 3 0 0 12.6/10 27.2 - 29.5/7 9.9 - 7/28 18.5 - 0
DUNAI 48.0 83.9 8 1 0 0 12/11 25.9 -0.6 28.5/8 15.3 -0.9 13/27 20.6 -0.7 0
JAJARKOT 131.0 45.8 10 5 2 0 27.6/9 28.7 - 30/2 M M M M M 3
SURKHET 195.0 102.2 13 5 3 1 58.4/12 31.9 2.0 34/19 21.7 0.1 19.3/30 26.8 1.0 28
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 246.7 121.7 9 8 3 2 79.6/12 33.8 1.1 35.3/19 24.5 0.1 20.5/30 29.2 0.6 30
LIBANG GAUN 116.8 42.9 8 6 1 0 30.5/1 27.3 - 28.5/3 15.9 - 11.5/30 21.6 - 0
BIJUWAR TAR 64.9 37.0 9 3 0 0 18.7/9 M M M M M M M M M
SALYAN BAZAR 85.0 31.5 7 4 1 0 32/15 28.4 1.4 30.2/18 18.6 0.8 14/30 23.5 1.1 5
CHAUR JHARI TAR 75.9 54.1 7 4 0 0 22.2/12 31.5 0.8 34/19 20.5 -0.4 17/30 26.0 0.2 28
GHORAI (DANG) 208.3 90.1 17 5 2 1 67.4/20 31.0 1.8 33.6/18 21.6 0.3 18.2/30 26.3 1.0 24
JOMSOM 9.6 23.3 4 0 0 0 3.1/9 21.9 0.6 25.5/18 11.9 0.5 6.4/30 16.9 0.6 0
KUSHMA 365.8 472.0 19 11 4 1 86/20 32.5 1.8 35.5/3 21.3 0.6 20/2 26.9 1.2 23
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 86.0 33.9 9 2 1 0 37.3/13 33.8 0.9 36.6/5 25.2 0.6 21.5/30 29.5 0.7 28
DUMKAULI 176.0 48.4 14 8 3 0 30/30 33.6 1.1 35.8/7 24.3 -0.3 19.8/14 29.0 0.4 30
TAMGHAS 201.1 73.7 17 8 2 0 44/16 M M M M M M M M M
POKHARA AIRPORT 581.2 90.7 19 12 8 3 131.5/26 30.5 1.2 33.6/19 21.2 0.4 18.4/30 25.9 0.8 19
SYANGJA 580.4 156.2 15 12 9 4 147.5/25 36.2 6.1 36.8/9 21.5 0.9 19.2/ 28.8 3.5 30
GORKHA 693.5 382.3 24 16 13 4 94/26 M M M M M M M M M
LUMLE 839.9 94.8 24 16 14 5 162.6/20 22.9 0.1 25.5/19 16.2 -0.1 13/30 19.5 0.0 0
KHAIRINI TAR 236.3 84.0 11 5 3 1 120/20 32.9 1.2 35.4/3 22.5 -0.1 18.5/30 27.7 0.5 28
RAMPUR 205.6 66.6 14 7 3 0 34/20 32.5 -0.5 35/5 24.7 0.5 20/30 28.6 0.0 28
HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 31.5 0.2 34.5/5 23.0 0.5 19.9/30 27.3 0.4 24
SIMARA AIRPORT 245.4 84.1 9 6 4 2 66/13 33.1 0.7 36.6/19 24.4 0.2 21.2/30 28.7 0.5 28
NUWAKOT 401.6 151.0 18 11 5 3 92.5/20 29.2 -0.8 31.4/5 20.6 -0.1 19.3/29 24.9 -0.4 13
GODAVARI 209.4 78.7 20 7 2 0 34.3/11 25.0 0.7 29.9/5 13.4 -3.6 10.1/30 19.2 -1.4 0
BAHRABISE 584.1 126.9 26 19 10 1 71.8/9 M M M M M M M M M
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 280.7 140.5 16 10 4 1 71/19 28.4 0.4 31.8/18 19.0 0.5 15/30 23.7 0.4 10
NAGARKOT 240.7 92.0 21 9 3 0 35.5/20 21.2 -0.7 25.3/19 14.2 0.0 9.5/29 17.7 -0.3 0
JIRI 386.3 195.6 24 16 4 0 43.8/10 23.8 0.6 27/18 15.0 -0.1 9.6/30 19.4 0.2 0
SINDHULI MADHI 280.7 67.6 16 7 6 1 50.2/6 30.7 0.9 33.5/20 22.6 0.7 19.7/30 26.6 0.8 20
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 85.7 43.4 6 3 2 0 37/26 33.0 0.7 36.4/18 25.9 0.6 23.8/13 29.4 0.6 29
MANTHALI 126.0 - 10 3 1 0 49/6 32.6 - 35.5/18 22.3 - 20.5/25 27.5 - 29
OKHALDHUNGA 325.7 132.7 19 9 5 2 52/10 24.5 0.2 27.9/18 16.1 -0.6 14.2/10 20.3 -0.2 0
LAHAN 153.5 70.7 9 5 2 0 43/20 M M M M M M M M M
RAJBIRAJ 266.1 112.9 11 7 3 1 107/6 32.3 -0.8 35.5/4 24.9 0.3 22/6 28.6 -0.2 27
CHAINPUR (EAST) 248.5 117.8 16 8 5 0 36.8/20 28.3 1.3 30.6/17 18.2 0.2 16/23 23.3 0.8 4
DHANKUTA 34.3 79.9 9 2 0 0 11.4/20 27.7 1.1 30.2/18 19.6 0.6 16.9/29 23.6 0.8 1
DHARAN BAZAR 227.5 58.0 14 9 4 0 42.6/6 31.6 - 34.5/30 24.0 - 22.6/22 27.8 - 25
TERHATHUM 95.7 68.3 10 4 0 0 21.8/20 M M M M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 243.1 81.4 10 8 6 1 54/26 32.6 0.5 35.6/17 25.0 0.3 23/29 28.8 0.4 28
TAPLEJUNG 284.1 104.4 19 7 6 1 65.3/20 25.8 1.9 34.2/29 16.7 0.1 12.3/30 21.2 1.0 1
ILAM TEA ESTATE 116.7 52.6 7 5 1 0 37.5/5 26.5 1.3 29.9/2 16.2 -3.1 15/27 21.3 -0.9 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 144.1 82.3 16 3 2 0 34.5/20 28.8 0.5 32/18 20.6 0.3 16.5/29 24.7 0.4 12
GAIDA (KANKAI) 285.0 66.0 18 7 4 2 75.4/1 32.7 -0.1 35.5/18 24.0 1.0 22/23 28.3 0.5 29
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
September, 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
71
3.10 OCTOBER
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Most parts of the country recorded above normal rainfall and normal to above normal temperature.
Monsoon this year withdrew from Nepal on 7th October delayed by 15 days from normal withdrawal
date. The normal monsoon withdrawal date is 23rd September.
A cyclonic storm Hudhud had brought heavy rain and snowfall over the country over the second
week which killed more than three and a half dozen trekkers in the Annapurna range.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:
The Cyclonic Storm ‘HUD HUD’ formed over north Andaman Sea during 7-8th October 2014. It
gradually intensified into Very Severe Cyclonic storm as it moved west-northwestwards. Further
moving northwestwards, it weakened into a Severe Cyclonic Storm and laid Center over north Andra
Pradesh on 12th October. It weakened into Depression on 13th October and became less marked on
15th October. This contributed rainfall over Nepal on 14th and 15th of October.
Due to the storm there was a massive avalanche between Mount Dhaulagiri and Annapurna Range at
Thorong la pass where 43 trekkers were killed by the avalanche. This was one of the deadliest
avalanche due to the heavy snowfall that occurred in the mountain region after 18 April 2014
avalanche on the Mount Everest.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
The normal withdrawal date of monsoon in Nepal is 23rd September. But this year, the monsoon
retreated from the country on 7th October delayed by 15 days from normal withdrawal date. Rainfall
was above normal to above normal in most parts of the country. However, Eastern Region (ER) and
isolated patches of Far Western Region (FWR), Mid-Western Region (MWR) and Central Region
(CR) received below normal rainfall (Fig. 2). Spatial distribution of rainfall shows the highest rainfall
in and around Lumle and Bhairahawa in WR (Fig. 1). The monthly total rainfall varied from 7.4 mm
at Rajbiraj to 174.5mm in Lumle in the western Region (Fig. 1, Table 1). Janakpur Airport recorded
the highest 24-hr rainfall of 122.4mm on 15th October (Table 3.10.1).
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature in October varied 10°C in the northern parts to above 26 °C in the southern parts of
WR,CR and ER (Fig. 3, Table 3.10.1). Mean temperature was normal to above normal in most parts
of the country. However, northern parts of WR with adjoining areas of MWR and western half of CR
with adjoining areas of ER recorded below normal temperature. Isolated patches over southern parts
of WR and MWR also recorded below normal temperature (Fig. 4). The highest positive temperature
anomaly of 1.3 °C was recorded in Syangja whereas the lowest anomaly of -1.8 °C was recorded in
Godavari. Similarly, the highest maximum temperature of 35.8 °C was recorded in Dipayal (Doti) on
6th October while Jumla recorded the lowest minimum temperature of -1.0 °C on 31st October (Table
3.10.1).
The preliminary weather data for October 2014 is presented in Table 3.10.1.
72
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 20 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
73
Image ! Image 2
Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing North East sector of Indian subcontinent on date
14th October 2014, 5:45z
Image 2: Cloud top temperature from Kalpana Satellite showing north east sector of Indian
subcontinent on date 14th October 2014, 7:15UTC
Figure 5: Temperature anomaly during January, 2014 in (a) Dhangadhi (b) Bhairahawa (c) Simara
and (d) Biratnagar Airport.
74
Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (October)Post-monsoon
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
5-O
ct
9-O
ct
13
-Oct
17
-Oct
21
-Oct
25
-Oct
29
-Oct
2-N
ov
6-N
ov
10
-No
v
14
-No
v
18
-No
v
22
-No
v
26
-No
v
30
-No
v
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomalySimara
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10
-Oct
13
-Oct
16
-Oct
19
-Oct
22
-Oct
25
-Oct
28
-Oct
31
-Oct
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
Table 3.10.1
75
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
DADELDHURA 24.8 56.0 3 1 0 0 12/15 22.4 0.7 28.8/23 11.8 0.1 9.2/26 17.1 0.4 0
DARCHULA 106.0 160.4 9 8 0 0 16.2/2 28.9 0.5 31/1 13.9 -0.3 11/4 21.4 0.1 11
BAJURA 80.8 176.7 4 2 1 1 53.7/15 24.2 - 27.5/6 11.6 - 8.5/27 17.9 - 0
DHANGADHI 88.1 170.6 4 2 1 1 64.1/15 31.1 -0.4 34.1/6 18.1 -0.6 14.2/19 24.6 -0.5 23
MANGALSEN 83.4 177.0 2 1 1 1 75.4/15 26.1 - 29.5/6 13.6 - 10.5/26 19.9 - 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 97.5 210.6 3 1 1 1 88/15 32.0 0.6 35.8/6 17.0 0.7 13.4/27 24.5 0.7 26
JUMLA 65.5 185.3 4 2 2 0 34/15 22.5 0.6 27.5/5 5.0 0.8 1/31 13.7 0.7 0
NAGMA 62.2 174.8 4 2 1 0 41/13 23.5 - 28/1 7.2 - 6/4 15.4 - 0
DUNAI 32.0 141.1 2 2 0 0 18/14 22.1 -1.2 24.8/1 9.9 0.4 6/29 16.0 -0.4 0
JAJARKOT 28.0 43.7 2 2 0 0 15.6/14 27.5 - 30/14 M M M M M M
SURKHET 32.4 76.4 2 2 0 0 21.1/15 29.2 0.8 33/6 16.1 0.3 12/28 22.7 0.6 12
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 65.7 108.6 3 2 1 0 48/15 31.1 -0.2 35.4/9 19.6 -0.4 15.9/19 25.4 -0.3 22
LIBANG GAUN M M M M M M M 25.6 - 28.5/4 10.5 - 7/27 18.0 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR M M M M M M M 27.3 1.3 32/5 15.1 0.7 11.2/27 21.2 1.0 8
CHAUR JHARI TAR 60.0 140.7 2 2 1 0 46.2/11 28.9 0.3 32.5/5 15.3 -0.6 12.5/30 22.1 -0.2 14
GHORAI (DANG) 25.0 43.6 2 1 0 0 24/14 29.1 0.7 32.5/7 16.5 0.4 13/28 22.8 0.5 12
JOMSOM 36.6 131.0 2 1 1 0 29.6/14 17.4 -0.6 22/5 4.5 -1.1 2.1/27 11.0 -0.9 0
BAGLUNG 75.3 156.8 2 1 1 1 68.5/14 M M M M M M M M M
BENI BAZAR 132.7 578.4 6 2 2 2 68.8/15 M M M M M M M M M
KUSHMA 145.6 433.4 8 3 2 2 66.5/14 M M M M M M M M M
TANSEN 160.7 318.2 2 2 2 2 89/15 27.2 1.5 31/6 15.7 -0.4 12.5/26 21.4 0.6 6
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 170.1 219.6 3 2 2 1 117/15 31.6 -0.6 35.5/8 20.6 0.2 17.5/27 26.1 -0.2 25
DUMKAULI 122.0 141.0 1 1 1 1 122/14 31.2 -0.3 34.8/7 20.5 0.0 14.8/18 25.8 -0.2 24
POKHARA AIRPORT 158.9 113.7 7 4 3 1 64.3/15 27.9 0.4 31/6 16.5 -0.2 12.5/30 22.2 0.1 7
SYANGJA 115.4 129.0 2 2 2 2 63.4/14 29.3 1.0 33.8/1 17.8 1.6 13.6/22 23.5 1.3 13
GORKHA 120.4 300.0 3 2 2 1 81.3/15 M M M M M M M M M
LUMLE 174.5 84.9 11 4 2 1 73.1/15 21.2 0.0 24/5 12.7 -0.3 9.5/27 17.0 -0.1 0
KHAIRINI TAR 151.4 218.7 5 3 2 2 80.4/15 M M M M M M M M M
RAMPUR 85.0 107.0 2 2 2 1 51.5/14 31.9 0.0 34.2/7 18.1 -1.6 13.8/25 25.0 -0.8 30
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 128.5 135.8 3 2 1 1 107.9/15 29.8 0.0 33.4/7 19.3 1.2 15/19 24.6 0.6 19
SIMARA AIRPORT 133.4 192.2 2 2 1 1 110.4/15 31.5 0.0 35.4/6 M M M M M 24
NUWAKOT 78.5 139.7 7 4 0 0 22.2/15 27.5 -0.9 30.4/7 16.6 -1.2 13/29 22.1 -1.0 4
GODAVARI 96.4 150.6 5 2 1 1 73.1/15 23.9 1.2 27.3/7 8.1 -4.8 4.9/27 16.0 -1.8 0
BAHRABISE 84.5 94.3 9 2 1 0 36.4/15 28.2 - 31/3 14.9 - 5/18 21.5 - 10
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 88.5 172.8 5 2 1 1 63/15 26.1 -0.7 29.6/7 13.7 0.3 10.2/27 19.9 -0.2 0
PANCHKHAL 58.8 115.1 2 1 1 1 53.4/15 29.5 0.2 32.2/4 15.7 -0.3 11.5/29 22.6 - 14
NAGARKOT 77.7 121.7 3 1 1 1 61/14 19.7 -0.7 23.5/9 11.2 0.4 7.5/29 15.5 -0.1 0
DHUNCHE 80.6 82.8 3 3 2 0 38.8/15 20.4 - 24/5 11.3 - 8/30 15.9 - 0
KHOKANA 96.2 - 2 2 1 1 79/15 25.4 - 29/5 11.4 - 6.4/28 18.4 - 0
JIRI 94.1 135.7 10 3 1 0 27.5/15 21.4 0.0 24.3/5 8.6 -0.6 4.5/30 15.0 -0.3 0
SINDHULI MADHI 62.7 81.2 4 1 1 1 50.3/15 29.9 0.7 33.4/7 18.9 0.7 14.3/31 24.4 0.7 17
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 161.6 252.9 3 2 2 1 122.4/15 32.1 0.5 35.4/8 21.8 -0.2 19/29 27.0 0.2 26
MANTHALI 45.5 - 2 1 1 0 39/16 30.7 - 34/5 17.7 - 13.5/27 24.2 - 24
OKHALDHUNGA 21.2 33.9 3 1 0 0 18/15 23.2 0.5 26.5/6 13.8 -1.8 10.5/28 18.5 -0.6 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 47.5 100.0 2 1 1 0 45.4/14 M M M M M M M M M
LAHAN 55.5 85.3 2 1 1 1 50/15 M M M M M M M M M
RAJBIRAJ 7.4 10.2 2 0 0 0 5.8/13 M M M M M M M M M
CHAINPUR (EAST) 74.0 126.2 4 2 2 0 33.8/15 25.7 0.1 29/6 14.7 -0.2 11.4/27 20.2 -0.1 0
DHANKUTA 24.8 104.5 3 1 0 0 19.2/15 26.4 1.2 29.6/7 15.8 0.1 12.2/27 21.1 0.7 0
DHARAN BAZAR 44.9 31.0 3 1 1 0 41.3/15 M M M M M M M M M
TERHATHUM 20.5 51.2 2 1 0 0 17.7/15 M M M M M M M M M
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 57.1 62.2 1 1 1 1 57.1/13 32.1 0.5 35.4/8 21.4 0.3 17.4/31 26.8 0.4 26
TAPLEJUNG 34.8 42.8 4 1 1 0 31/15 22.6 0.6 26.4/5 12.4 -0.2 8.7/27 17.5 0.2 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 75.7 116.6 3 1 1 1 66.6/15 M M M M M M M M M
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 30.0 59.2 3 1 1 0 25.1/15 27.7 0.2 31.5/6 15.9 -0.4 11.5/27 21.8 -0.1 8
GAIDA (KANKAI) 77.0 51.5 3 1 1 1 65.4/15 32.0 -0.2 35/6 20.1 0.6 16.2/27 26.0 0.2 27
Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
October, 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C )
76
3.11 NOVEMBER
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
The country remained dry during this November. Out of 51 stations, 4 stations had rainfall, 4 did not
have data record and the rest 43 stations did not receive any rainfall during this month. Rainfall was
below normal in the country. South-western part with central region of the Western and Mid-western
region of the country received above normal temperature and the rest of the country recorded normal
to below normal temperature.
SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES
Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in November were mainly affected by western
disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). A western
disturbance as upper air troughs influenced Jammu & Kashmir and western Himalayan region, in first
week influenced the weather systems over Nepal which continued up to the end of the month and
produced scanty rainfall in November. (Table 3.11.2).
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:
Most part of the country remained dry this month with no rainfall throughout the country. However,
central part of WR received little rainfall within which Pokhara Airport (WR) receiving the highest
monthly total rainfall of 10.1mm.
TEMPERATURE PATTERN:
Mean temperature of November varied from 7.6 °C at Jomsom to 24.1 oC at Dharanbazar (Figure 3,
Table 3.11.1). Most of the stations (27 stations) recorded normal to below normal temperature during
this month. The highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.6 oC was recorded in Chaur Jhari Tar
while the lowest negative temperature anomaly of -2.8 oC was recorded in Dunai (Figure 4). (Figure
4).
Temperature monitoring in the Tarai region (Figure 5) shows that most of the days in November were
colder than normal. The negative anomaly of the temperature started from the second week of
November in the southern Tarai plains from eastern parts of Nepal lasted till the last week of
November (Figure 5). Due to the cold wave condition associated with the dense fog, the day time
temperatures in the affected areas plummeted down below a degree or two on second half of the
month (Figure 5). Maximum temperature reached the lowest negative anomaly of -9.03 in Dhangadhi
on 14th November and highest positive of 4.21°C in Bhairahawa on 8th November whereas the
minimum temperature reached the highest positive anomaly of 3.8 °C on 16th December in
Dhangadhi negative of -2.4°C in Simara on 24th November.
77
78
Table 3.11.1.
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
DADELDHURA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.7 1.2 22.4/10 8.8 0.8 6.1/25 13.8 0.6 0
SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 27.8 0.3 30.7/8 13.1 0.9 9.8/24 19.0 -0.7 2
DARCHULA M M M M M M M 27.1 2.5 29/21 8.8 -0.5 6.5/27 17.3 0.3 0
BAJURA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.4 - 24.5/10 7.7 - 5.5/16 14.2 - 0
DHANGADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.6 -0.2 30.8/8 12.5 0.1 0/19 18.9 -1.2 2
MANGALSEN 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.6 - 24.5/3 9.2 - 6.2/30 14.4 - 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.0 0.7 30.7/8 10.9 0.6 6.8/30 17.4 -1.4 4
JUMLA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.3 2.6 24.4/8 -2.4 -0.8 -5/24 8.4 -0.2 0
NAGMA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.9 - 23.8/1 3.3 - 0.1/27 10.9 - 0
DUNAI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 17.2 -2.8 19.5/5 3.6 -1.4 1.5/24 9.6 -2.8 0
JAJARKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.4 - 27/3 M M M 12.2 - 0
SURKHET 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.5 1.6 29.2/8 10.6 0.2 7.4/29 17.0 -0.6 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.2 -1.0 30.8/8 13.4 -0.7 9.6/25 19.7 -1.4 4
LIBANG GAUN M M M M M M M 23.0 - 25.5/8 6.8 - 4/22 14.0 - 0
BIJUWAR TAR M M M M M M M 24.3 - 26.1/21 10.4 - 8.4/29 16.4 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.8 2.8 29/10 11.0 0.6 7/23 17.4 0.7 0
CHAUR JHARI TAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 32.9 8.3 254/15 10.6 0.0 7.5/30 20.2 2.6 1
GHORAI (DANG) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.4 1.1 28.8/3 11.8 1.0 8.5/29 18.2 0.2 0
JOMSOM 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 15.4 0.9 20.2/10 1.7 0.4 -0.3/30 7.6 -0.4 0
BAGLUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.7 -2.2 25.6/8 12.8 1.5 10.9/22 17.5 -1.2 0
KUSHMA 1.0 12.7 1 0 0 0 1/6 M M M M M M M M M
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9 -0.1 32.4/8 15.0 0.5 11.4/26 21.2 -0.5 12
POKHARA AIRPORT 10.1 56.8 2 0 0 0 8/21 24.5 0.4 26.7/8 13.7 1.9 10.4/29 17.8 -0.2 0
SYANGJA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.9 2.0 28.8/4 10.6 -0.6 9/30 17.9 -0.1 0
GORKHA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.2 -0.4 27.4/7 13.8 1.6 11/29 17.6 -0.8 0
LUMLE 1.0 4.0 1 0 0 0 1/14 17.8 -0.2 21/12 9.9 0.6 7.5/23 12.7 -1.0 0
KHAIRINI TAR 4.0 27.7 1 0 0 0 4/27 26.1 0.3 28.7/7 15.3 1.5 12/30 19.1 -0.8 0
RAMPUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.6 0.1 31.4/11 14.1 0.6 12/22 20.5 -0.5 13
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.4 -0.3 29.5/3 13.4 1.0 10/26 18.6 -1.0 0
SIMARA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.8 0.1 32.5/5 13.5 -0.4 10/24 20.4 -0.9 12
NIJGADH 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M
NUWAKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.6 -1.7 26/7 13.7 0.0 10.8/26 17.5 -1.9 0
GODAVARI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.5 1.1 25/12 4.5 -3.6 2.2/29 11.4 -2.3 0
BAHRABISE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.6 - 28/3 11.6 - 9.5/26 18.1 - 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -1.7 25.2/12 10.2 2.4 7/29 14.7 -0.9 0
PANCHKHAL 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.8 0.0 28.5/12 11.8 1.9 8.5/26 17.2 - 0
NAGARKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 16.8 -0.6 19.8/3 7.6 0.6 5/29 11.3 -0.9 0
DHUNCHE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 17.1 - 20/12 7.7 - 5/24 11.6 - 0
KHOKANA 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 22.9 - 26.4/12 6.6 - 3.4/26 13.4 - 0
JIRI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 18.7 0.7 22.5/12 5.1 1.8 0.8/25 10.9 0.2 0
SINDHULI MADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.0 0.2 29/2 13.2 -0.4 10.3/27 18.8 -1.3 0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 29.4 0.1 32.6/8 15.6 -0.1 12/25 21.7 -0.8 13
MANTHALI 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 27.9 - 31/8 12.9 - 9.5/27 19.0 - 6
OKHALDHUNGA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 0.0 23.5/1 10.5 0.2 8/30 14.0 -1.2 0
CHAINPUR (EAST) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.4 -0.2 25.5/3 11.7 0.7 9/30 15.7 -1.1 0
DHANKUTA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.5 1.0 26.6/3 12.3 0.5 9.5/30 16.5 -0.6 0
DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.3 - 30.5/4 16.8 - 12/18 24.1 - 2
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 29.5 0.2 34/8 15.5 0.2 11.7/26 21.4 -0.9 10
TAPLEJUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.3 1.5 23.3/3 10.2 1.7 7.6/30 13.9 0.3 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.4 0.0 27.5/8 12.8 1.1 10/30 17.2 -0.8 0
GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9 -1.0 32.5/7 15.6 1.2 12.7/26 21.7 -0.4 13
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
November 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C
79
Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region ( November)
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
4-O
ct
7-O
ct
10-O
ct
13-O
ct
16-O
ct
19-O
ct
22-O
ct
25-O
ct
28-O
ct
31-O
ct
3-N
ov
6-N
ov
9-N
ov
12-N
ov
15-N
ov
18-N
ov
21-N
ov
24-N
ov
27-N
ov
30-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-O
ct
5-O
ct
9-O
ct
13
-Oct
17
-Oct
21
-Oct
25
-Oct
29
-Oct
2-N
ov
6-N
ov
10
-No
v
14
-No
v
18
-No
v
22
-No
v
26
-No
v
30
-No
v
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
9-N
ov
17-N
ov
25-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
9-N
ov
17-N
ov
25-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
4-N
ov
7-N
ov
10-N
ov
13-N
ov
16-N
ov
19-N
ov
22-N
ov
25-N
ov
28-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
8-N
ov
15-N
ov
22-N
ov
29-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomalySimara
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
8-N
ov
15-N
ov
22-N
ov
29-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
8-N
ov
15-N
ov
22-N
ov
29-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar
Dhangadhi
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
8-N
ov
15-N
ov
22-N
ov
29-N
ov
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
1-N
ov
5-N
ov
9-N
ov
13
-No
v
17
-No
v
21
-No
v
25
-No
v
29
-No
v
Tem
pera
ture
anom
aly
(°C
)
Day (Month)
Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhair
Fig:5
80
3.12 DECEMBER
MAIN HIGHLIGHT
All the three regions in the west remained wetter than normal during this December. Rainfall was
below normal in the eastern and central region of the country. Northern part of the Eastern(ER) and
Mid-western Region (MWR), North eastern part of the Far-western(FWR) and Central (CR) and
western part of the Western region (WR) recorded above normal temperature and the rest of the
country recorded normal to below normal temperature(Table 3.12.1)..
Synoptic Sequence
Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in December were mainly affected by western
disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). Though many
western disturbances as upper air troughs influenced north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir
and western Himalayan region, only one of them in the mid of the second week to the prior of the
third influenced the weather systems over Nepal which produced rainfall in December.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Most part of the country remained wetter this month with above normal rainfall throughout the
country with Sundarpur at southern part of FWR receiving highest 24hr rain of 84mm. However,
southern half of ER, southwest of CR, receive less rainfall with Gaida (Kankai) of southern part of
ER receiving the lowest monthly total rainfall of 0.7mm(Table 3.12.1).
TEMPERATURE PATTERN
Mean temperature of December varied from 4.8 °C at Jumla to 19.3 oC at Dharanbazar (Figure 3,
Table 3.12.1). Most of the stations (42 stations) recorded normal to above normal temperature during
this month. The highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.4 oC was recorded in Simikot while the
lowest negative temperature anomaly of -4.3 oC was recorded in Taulihawa (Figure 4). North eastern
part of the Far-western (FWR) and Central (CR) and western part of the Western region (WR)
recorded above normal temperature and due the near fog condition in the first half of the month and
the rain in the mid part of the month the southern belt of the country as a whole recorded below
normal temperature (Figure 4) (Image 1 and 2).
81
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
82
Image 1 Image 2
Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing Indian subcontinent on date 14th December 2014,
5:45Zz
Image 2: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing north east Infrared OLR of Indian subcontinent
on date 14th December 2014, 5:45Zz
Table 3.12.1
83
≥ 1
.0 m
m
≥ 1
0.0
mm
≥ 2
5.0
mm
≥ 5
0.0
mm
Avera
ge M
ax
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Hig
hest
Max &
Date
Avera
ge M
in
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
Lo
west
Min
& D
ate
Mo
nth
ly M
ean
Dep
art
ure
fro
m t
he
no
rmal
DADELDHURA 47.0 204.1 3 2 1 0 28/15 16.3 0.6 22.2/3 5.0 -0.3 -0.7/16 10.6 0.1 0
SUNDARPUR 84.0 504.1 4 2 1 1 63.8/14 22.2 -1.1 26.8/16 9.0 0.9 5.3/22 15.6 -0.1 0
DARCHULA 20.0 74.6 2 1 0 0 11.2/16 18.4 -1.8 25/1 4.6 -0.9 2.5/21 11.5 -1.4 0
BAJURA M M M M M M M 20.2 - 23/1 6.4 - 5/11 13.3 - 0
DHANGADHI 33.0 190.6 3 1 0 0 24/15 20.9 -2.5 26.1/5 8.8 0.5 4.2/22 14.8 -1.0 0
MANGALSEN 44.2 123.4 1 1 1 0 44.2/16 19.0 - 22/1 3.4 - 3/28 11.2 - 0
DIPAYAL (DOTI) 37.7 185.7 2 1 1 0 33/16 22.9 -0.6 27.2/1 6.2 0.1 2.7/12 14.5 -0.2 0
JUMLA 43.1 318.6 2 1 1 0 42/14 17.8 1.7 25.3/3 -4.5 0.0 -7/27 6.7 0.9 0
NAGMA 48.9 247.5 4 1 1 0 40.6/13 M M M M M M M M M
SIMIKOT M M M M M M M 11.1 0.7 11.6/29 -1.4 4.0 -2.2/31 4.8 2.4 0
DUNAI 41.0 418.2 7 0 0 0 8/15 M M M -0.4 - -3/27 M M 0
JAJARKOT 30.0 129.1 2 2 0 0 15.6/14 20.9 - 25.5/3 M M M M M M
SURKHET 29.2 157.8 2 2 0 0 19/16 22.3 1.1 25.9/1 5.7 -0.7 3.4/12 14.0 0.2 0
GULARIYA 22.5 162.2 2 2 0 0 12/14 17.6 - 24.5/31 8.2 - 5.3/31 12.9 - 0
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 29.0 736.0 3 2 0 0 13.7/14 20.1 -3.3 25.6/5 9.4 -0.2 5/31 14.7 -1.8 0
LIBANG GAUN M M M M M M M 18.9 - 22.5/10 2.8 - 1/16 10.8 - 0
BIJUWAR TAR M M M M M M M 22.6 - 25/5 7.8 - 3.9/17 15.2 - 0
SALYAN BAZAR 44.0 329.2 2 2 0 0 24/14 22.2 2.3 28/1 7.6 0.3 2.2/16 14.9 1.3 0
CHAUR JHARI TAR 14.0 89.2 1 1 0 0 14/15 21.2 0.2 24/3 6.5 0.0 3.5/30 13.9 0.1 0
GHORAI (DANG) 16.4 200.4 2 1 0 0 13/14 22.8 1.3 25.5/5 7.1 0.3 4.5/21 14.9 0.8 0
JOMSOM 25.3 492.7 3 1 0 0 11.7/16 12.6 0.5 19.8/3 -0.6 1.0 -4.5/31 6.0 0.8 0
BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 19.9 -2.7 23/5 8.0 0.6 4.3/18 13.9 -1.0 0
KUSHMA 35.7 365.0 4 1 0 0 19.5/14 22.3 -0.2 25.5/6 7.7 0.3 3/17 15.0 0.0 0
TANSEN 31.5 176.1 3 1 0 0 22/15 20.1 0.9 22.8/4 8.5 -0.4 5.2/16 14.3 0.3 0
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 17.3 130.0 1 1 0 0 16/14 19.6 -4.5 26.2/31 11.5 1.3 6.6/31 15.6 -1.6 0
DUMKAULI M M M M M M M 22.9 -1.2 26.8/4 11.4 0.8 8.2/22 17.1 -0.2 0
KHANCHIKOT 52.1 204.1 2 2 1 0 26.7/14 16.0 1.1 19.1/6 6.4 -0.4 0.2/27 11.2 0.3 0
TAULIHAWA 23.7 249.3 3 2 0 0 12.4/14 19.5 -5.1 24.6/1 7.6 -3.4 0/1 13.6 -4.3 0
TAMGHAS 49.7 278.1 3 3 0 0 23/14 16.2 0.1 18.8/5 4.6 -1.2 1.5/17 10.4 -0.6 0
SEMARI 21.0 113.1 2 1 0 0 14/16 21.1 -0.6 27/2 10.1 1.2 7/30 15.6 0.3 0
POKHARA AIRPORT 26.9 123.8 3 1 0 0 17.2/14 21.1 0.4 23.8/5 8.5 0.5 5/17 14.8 0.4 0
SYANGJA M M M M M M M 18.0 -3.4 28.2/3 9.5 2.4 8.6/18 13.8 -0.5 0
GORKHA 36.3 269.8 3 2 0 0 18.4/14 18.9 -2.0 22.5/5 M M M M M M
LUMLE 31.1 140.1 3 1 0 0 21.7/14 15.0 0.1 17.5/5 6.2 0.0 2.3/17 10.6 0.0 0
KHAIRINI TAR 28.7 161.6 3 1 0 0 20.5/14 21.8 -0.2 25/5 10.2 0.3 6.5/29 16.0 0.1 0
RAMPUR 9.5 64.6 1 0 0 0 9.5/14 23.3 -1.0 26.4/7 10.3 1.0 6.5/20 16.8 0.0 0
HETAUNDA N.F.I. 8.0 56.2 3 0 0 0 4.1/15 22.6 -1.0 25.4/4 10.6 2.1 5.4/26 16.6 0.5 0
SIMARA AIRPORT 8.0 71.4 3 0 0 0 3/14 21.2 -3.4 27.6/31 10.1 0.8 5/18 15.7 -1.3 0
NIJGADH 7.5 58.3 4 0 0 0 3.1/13 M M M M M M M M M
NUWAKOT 22.4 163.5 3 1 0 0 11.6/14 19.5 -2.5 23.2/9 9.0 -0.9 6.5/12 14.3 -1.7 0
GODAVARI 18.7 102.9 3 0 0 0 9/15 18.1 1.9 21.2/4 1.7 -2.6 -2.6/12 9.9 -0.4 0
BAHRABISE 35.2 191.9 4 1 0 0 15.4/15 21.0 - 24/4 7.5 - 4.5/12 14.3 - 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 35.0 266.0 3 2 0 0 16/16 19.9 -0.4 22.5/5 4.8 1.1 1.7/12 12.3 0.4 0
PANCHKHAL 22.1 200.5 3 0 0 0 9.1/15 22.2 0.1 25.3/5 6.8 0.9 3.1/31 14.5 - 0
NAGARKOT 22.6 232.7 2 1 0 0 17.2/16 14.5 0.5 17/16 4.6 0.5 1.4/17 9.5 0.5 0
DHUNCHE 49.8 223.3 4 3 0 0 22.2/15 14.3 - 16.5/12 5.2 - 2/17 9.8 - 0
KHOKANA 25.4 - 4 1 0 0 10.4/15 19.8 - 22/3 -2.0 - -2/12 10.6 - 0
JIRI 16.4 131.5 3 0 0 0 9.5/15 16.3 0.9 19.4/18 0.8 1.2 -2.4/18 8.6 1.1 0
SINDHULI MADHI 3.0 21.3 2 0 0 0 1.7/16 24.5 1.2 26.5/4 8.9 -0.7 5/29 16.7 0.3 0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 7.6 90.4 1 0 0 0 7.6/16 21.5 -3.6 27.8/15 12.1 1.2 7.8/31 16.8 -1.2 0
MANTHALI 8.5 - 3 0 0 0 4/15 24.9 - 28/5 8.2 - 5.5/19 16.6 - 0
OKHALDHUNGA 8.2 64.2 2 0 0 0 6.2/15 17.4 0.8 19.9/6 7.4 0.3 5.5/27 12.4 0.6 0
KHOTANG BAZAR 6.1 42.3 1 0 0 0 6.1/16 M M M M M M M M M
RAJBIRAJ 0.8 9.2 0 0 0 0 0.8/16 21.7 -5.0 26/31 11.9 1.2 9/28 16.8 -1.9 0
CHAINPUR (EAST) 9.5 106.0 2 0 0 0 6/16 20.2 0.7 22.5/2 8.1 0.0 6/18 14.1 0.4 0
DHANKUTA 3.0 47.2 1 0 0 0 3/16 21.0 1.6 23.6/5 9.1 0.6 7/25 15.1 1.1 0
DHARAN BAZAR 1.1 11.8 1 0 0 0 1.1/16 24.6 - 29/5 13.9 - 7.6/25 19.3 - 0
TERHATHUM M M M M M M M 21.9 - 24.5/6 6.4 - 4.5/17 14.1 - 0
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 2.0 30.3 1 0 0 0 2/16 23.9 -1.5 29/31 12.1 1.5 8.5/19 18.0 0.0 0
TAPLEJUNG 13.1 117.3 2 0 0 0 8/15 18.2 2.7 20.5/5 6.9 1.4 3.9/18 12.6 2.0 0
ILAM TEA ESTATE 3.2 40.1 1 0 0 0 3.2/16 20.4 2.3 22.5/7 8.3 -2.8 6/22 14.3 -0.3 0
PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 4.8 46.8 2 0 0 0 3.5/16 21.8 0.3 24.2/3 9.0 0.9 6.7/18 15.4 0.6 0
GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.7 7.5 0 0 0 0 0.7/17 24.5 -1.9 29.5/5 11.4 1.4 6.4/29 17.9 -0.3 0
Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available
Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.
PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA
December 2014
Stations
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
To
tal (m
m)
% o
f N
orm
al
No. of Rainy Days
24h
rs E
xtr
em
e R
ain
fall
& D
ate
Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )
No
.of
Days w
ith
maxim
um
tem
pera
ture
≥ 30°C