WEATHER

AND CLIMATE UNIT 3

1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

CONCEPTS:

CLIMATOLOGY

METEOROLOGY

2. ATMOSPHERE

FREEFALL FROM 39.000 m

3. CLIMATE ELEMENTS

3.1. TEMPERATURE

3.2. PRECIPITATION

3.3. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

3.4. WIND

3.5. RELATIVE HUMIDITY

3.1

. TEM

PER

ATU

RE

A. FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEMPERATURE

LATITUDE

ALTITUDE

OCEAN CURRENTS

PROXIMITY TO THE

SEA

LATITUDE

Temperatures decrease from the Equator

towards the poles.

ALTITUDE Temperatures fall as altitude increases. On

average, for every 100 m of altitude, the

temperature drops by 0,6º C

PROXIMITY TO SEA

The sea heats up and cools down more slowly than

the land. Because of that, temperatures are milder

in areas close to the sea.

OCEAN CURRENTS

Warm ocean currenrts produce higher

temperatures in nearby coastal regions. Cool

ocean currents have opposite effects.

B. CLIMATE ZONES

3.2. PRECIPITATION

A. FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRECIPITATION

• The amount of precipitation decreases with latitude. LATITUDE

• The amount of precipitation increases with altitude. ALTITUDE

• The amount of precipitation is higher near the sea than the interior.

PROXIMITY TO THE SEA

B. PRECIPITATION CAN BE IN

THE FORM OF…

RAIN

SNOW

HAIL

C. TYPES OF RAINFALL…

CONVECTIONAL

OROGRAPHIC

FRONTAL

CONCECTIONAL RAINFALL

OROGRAPHIC RAINFALL

FRONTAL RAINFALL

3.3. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

3.4. WIND

Video: Coloris Effect

3.5. RELATIVE HUMIDITY

4. ELEMENTS

CLIMATE

ELEMENT INSTRUMENT UNITS

LINES IN A

MAP

TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER º C ISOTHERMS

PRECIPATIONS PLUVIOMETER MM ISOYETS

WIND

ANEMOMETHE

R/WEATHER

VANE

Km/h -

ATMOSPHERIC

PRESSURE BAROMETER MBASR ISOBARS

4. THE EARTH´S CLIMATES

6. HOW TO

ANALYZE A CLIMATE GRAPH

AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE

Add average month temperatures/12

TEMPERATURE RANGE

Hottest month temperature-Coldest

TOTAL AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATIONS

Add total month precipitations

1. TEMPERATURE

1. Average annual temperature:

1. > 20º C: HOT

2. 0 – 20 º C: TEMPERATE

3. < 0ª C: COLD

2. Temperature range:

1. > 15º C: BIG (far to the sea)

2. < 15º C: SMALL (close to the sea)

3. Hemisphere: Northern or Southern

2. PRECIPITATIONS

1. Total amount:

1. >1000 mm: ABUNDANT

2. 1000-200: SCARCE

3. <200 mm: LITTLE

2. Distribution:

1. All months >30 mm: REGULAR

2. 1 or 2 months < 30 mm: QUITE REGULAR

3. More than 2 months <30 mm: IRREGULAR

3. DEDUCTION

HOT CLIMATES

AVERAGE ANNUAL

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATE

RANGE TOTAL AMOUNT

PRECIPITATIONS DISTRIBUTION CLIMATE

>20 º C

SMALL ABUNDANT REGULAR EQUATORIAL

SMALL SCARCE QUITE

REGULAR TROPICAL

SMALL/BIG LITTLE ZERO DESERT

TEMPERATE CLIMATES

AVERAGE

ANNUAL

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATE

RANGE TOTAL AMOUNT

PRECIPITATIONS DISTRI-

BUTION HUMID

SEASON CLIMATE

<20 º C >5º C

SMALL ABUNDANT REGULAR/

QUITE

REGULAR - OCEANIC

BIG SCARCE IRREGULA

R SUMMER CONTINENTAL

SMALL/BIG SCARCE IRREGULA

R FALL/

WINTER MEDITERRANEAN

COLD CLIMATES

AVERAGE ANNUAL

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATE RANGE

TOTAL AMOUNT PRECIPITATIONS

DISTRI- BUTION

CLIMATE

>5º C

BIG LITTLE IRREGULAR POLAR

SMALL/BIG ABUNDANT/

SCARCE IRREGULAR MOUNTAIN