We compare DNA to an encyplopedia (DNA = ) that may not leave the public library.

1. How do you get the information out of the library?

2. Accordingly, what needs to happen for using genetic information in the cytoplasm?

Making a protein is like reading a library book.

DNA ------------------------------------

Home-work

LibraryNucleus

NeighborhoodCell

Home

Cytoplasm

??

New Protein

Using the information encoded in the DNA:

= “Protein Synthesis”

= “Gene Expression”

Producing Proteins!

From the DNA Code to

the amino-acid sequence of

a Protein

Gene Expression

Building the De-Coding Machine

Making a protein is like reading a library book.

DNA ------------------------------------

Home-work

LibraryNucleus

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

NeighborhoodCell

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:

Information Flows in One Direction:

DNA RNA Proteins.

Transcription(Nucleus)

Translation(Cytoplasm)

A. Keeping the DNA ‘encyclopedia’ safe in the nucleus.

B. Copying only the necessary information (‘pages’).

C. Only when the information is required.

Transcription:A modified copy of the DNA

The Transcript: RNA

Transcription Translation Lewport

RNA Transcription - from promoter to terminator

Compare Transcription to replication..

lPsCIECNE dna rEPLICATION

Compare DNA to RNA:

DNA and RNA

Bases: ACGT ACGUThymine Uracil

Structure DNA RNA

# of Strands: 2 1

Sugar: Deoxy-Ribose

Ribose

Making a protein is like reading a library book.

DNA = cytoplasm

nucleus

The Gene Expression Machinery:

A. Location in the cellB. Machine PartsC. Reading the Code

The Gene Expression Machinery:

A. Location in the cellB. Machine PartsC. Reading the Code

The Gene Expression Machinery:

A. Location in the cellB. Machine Parts – Transcription to RNA

C. Reading the Code

The Gene Expression Machinery:

A. Location in the cellB. Machine Parts – In The RibosomeC. Reading the Code

Next…

How does it work?

A GCT O AAC

B GCC P CCT

C TGT Q CAA

D GAT R CGT

E GAA S TCT

F TTT T ACT

G GGT U ACC

H CAT V GTT

I ATT W TGG

J ATC X CGC

K AAA Y TAT

L TTA Z TAC

M TTG Start ATG

N AAT Stop TAG

Building the Decoding Machine:ACGTTCCA

ABCDEFGHIJKLMN