wcdma rnp radio network planning operation guidance-20050526-a-1.0
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
Document code
Product name
Target readers Product version
V100R001
Edited by Document version
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning
Operation Guidance
For internal use only
Prepared by URNP-SANA Date 2003-04-23Reviewed by DateReviewed by DateApproved by Date
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
Revision Record
Date Revision version Change Description Author2003/04/23 1.00 Initial transmittal Wang Mingmin
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
Table of Contents
1 Radio Network Planning Process Overview............................................................................81.1 Role Definitions..................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Client............................................................................................................................81.1.2 Account manager.........................................................................................................81.1.3 Product Manager..........................................................................................................81.1.4 Radio Network Planning Manager...............................................................................81.1.5 Chief of Radio Network Planning Group......................................................................81.1.6 System Simulation Personnel......................................................................................91.1.7 Network Planning Survey Personnel............................................................................91.1.8 Site Test Personnel......................................................................................................91.1.9 Engineering Survey Personnel.....................................................................................91.1.10 R&D Product Support Personnel......................................................................10
1.2 Process Diagram.............................................................................................................101.2.1 Radio Network Nominal Planning Process................................................................111.2.2 Radio Network Cell Planning Process.......................................................................12
1.3 Input Demand...................................................................................................................121.3.1 Target Area Information.............................................................................................121.3.2 Network Construction Target.....................................................................................131.3.3 Network Scale and Construction Stage Planning......................................................131.3.4 Site Information Available from Operators.................................................................13
1.4 List of Output Documents.................................................................................................141.5 Work Guide......................................................................................................................14
2 Project Preparation Stage......................................................................................................152.1 Network Planning Team Structure...................................................................................152.2 Work Scheme Preparation of Planning Stage..................................................................152.3 Basic Project information.................................................................................................162.4 Acquisition of Digital Maps...............................................................................................16
2.4.1 Digital Maps for Planning...........................................................................................162.4.2 Digital Maps in Mapinfo Format.................................................................................17
3 WCDMA Network Nominal Planning Operation Guide..........................................................183.1 Prepare Network Construction Strategy and Periodic Planning Targets.........................183.2 Definition of Network Construction Target.......................................................................18
3.2.1 Network Service.........................................................................................................193.2.2 Network Coverage Range and Coverage Quality......................................................203.2.3 Network User Capacity..............................................................................................223.2.4 Upper Limit of Cell Loading Target............................................................................22
3.3 Initial Site Selection..........................................................................................................223.3.1 Site Survey of Local Environments............................................................................223.3.2 Propagation Model Calibration (Optional)..................................................................233.3.3 Acquisition of Candidate Site Information for Operators............................................233.3.4 Initial Site Selection....................................................................................................24
3.4 System Simulation and Site Adjustment..........................................................................303.4.1 System Simulation.....................................................................................................303.4.2 Site Adjustment..........................................................................................................30
3.5 Nominal Planning Report Output of Radio Network.........................................................314 WCDMA Network Cell Planning Operation Guide.................................................................324.1 Site Survey & Frequency Scanning.................................................................................32
4.1.1 Search Ring of New Site............................................................................................334.1.2 Site survey & Frequency Scanning............................................................................34
4.2 Site Selection...................................................................................................................364.2.1 Radio Propagation......................................................................................................374.2.2 Construction...............................................................................................................374.2.3 Commerce..................................................................................................................37
4.3 System Simulation...........................................................................................................382004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 3 of 43
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4.4 Report Output...................................................................................................................384.4.1 Location Area and Routing Area Planning.................................................................394.4.2 RNC Area Planning....................................................................................................394.4.3 Neighbour Cell Planning............................................................................................394.4.4 Frequency Planning...................................................................................................394.4.5 Scramble Code Planning...........................................................................................394.4.6 Allocation of Channel Power......................................................................................394.4.7 Handover Parameter Planning...................................................................................404.4.8 Admission Parameter Planning..................................................................................40
5 Appendix................................................................................................................................415.1 Illustrations.......................................................................................................................41
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List of Tables
Table 1 Usual services and corresponding bearer modes...........................................................19Table 2 Typical requirements of area coverage probability in different environments.................21Table 3 Typical requirements of penetration loss margin in different environments....................21Table 4 Recommended definition method of flag group...............................................................26Table 5 Calculation formulae of distance between sites D and typical antenna level half-power angles under different station types............................................................................................27
Table 6 Requirements of antenna installation heights in different environments.........................28Table 7 Requirements of lowest pilot receiving levels corresponding to continuous coverage of lcd64kbps service.......................................................................................................................30
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Radio network nominal planning process......................................................................11Figure 2 Radio network cell planning process.............................................................................12Figure 3 Typical structure of a radio network planning team.......................................................15Figure 4 Initial site selection process...........................................................................................25Figure 5 Omni type & 3-sector centre excitation type..................................................................27Figure 6 3-sector apex-single excitation type (clover type) & 6-sector type................................27Figure 7 Site survey process........................................................................................................33
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance
Key words: WCDMA, radio network planning (RNP), network planning, operation guide,
nominal planning, cell planning, process
Abstract: This document is an operation guide to WCDMA radio network planning
process of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., and it will serve as specifications for
the network planning engineers in commercial network construction of WCDMA.
List of abbreviations:
Abbreviation Full spellingRNP Radio Network Planning
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1 Radio Network Planning Process Overview
1.1 Role Definitions
In the planning process of a commercial network, roles that may participate include:
1.1.1 Client
Role name: Client
Department: Operator XXX Dept.
Role No.: OPRTR
Role description: Responsible for the determination of network construction requirements, he
is the actual owner of the future network, and the judge of planning reports and network quality.
1.1.2 Account manager
Role name: Account manager
Department: Marketing Dept.
Role No.: MKTAC
Role description: Responsible for the arrangement of communications with clients
1.1.3 Product Manager
Role name: Product manager
Department: Marketing Dept.
Role No.: MKTPD
Role description: Organizer of projects
1.1.4 Radio Network Planning Manager
Role name: Radio network planning manager
Department: Network Planning Project Group of Technology Support Dept. /Radio network
System Dept.
Role No.: NP_PM
Role description: Organizer of the total work of network planning, responsible for the total
planning results.
1.1.5 Chief of Radio Network Planning Group
Role name: Chief of radio network planning group
Department: Network Planning Project Group of Technology Support Dept. /Radio Network
System Dept.
Role No.: NP_PL
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Role description: Network planning principal of sub-projects. This role can be taken over by
the NP_PM when the project is in a small scale.
1.1.6 System Simulation Personnel
Role name: System simulation personnel
Department: Network Planning Project Group of Technology Support Dept. /Radio Network
System Dept.
Role No.: NPSIM
Role description: On prerequisite that input requirements are confirmed, responsible for
system simulation in the planning process and responsible for the accuracy of the simulation
results.
1.1.7 Network Planning Survey Personnel
Role name: Network planning survey personnel
Department: Network Planning Project Group of Technology Support Dept. /Radio Network
System Dept.
Role No.: NPSVY
Role description: Under the direction of the panning manager, to accomplish site surveys,
such as, frequency scanning test, site survey and so on, and responsible for output of Site Survey
Report, Frequency Scanning Test Report.
1.1.8 Site Test Personnel
Role name: Site test personnel
Department: Network Planning Project Group of Technology Support Dept. /Radio Network
System Dept.
Role No.: NPDRV
Role description: Under the direction of the panning manager, to accomplish route test data
collection, traffic statistics collection, etc.
1.1.9 Engineering Survey Personnel
Role name: Engineering survey personnel
Department: Engineering Survey Project Group of Technology Support Dept.
Role No.: EGSVR
Role description: To accomplish site surveys via cooperating with the network planning
survey personnel.
1.1.10 R&D Product Support Personnel
Role name: R&D product support personnel
Department: R&D Dept.
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Role No.: RDSPT
Role description: To assist in site problem location, and responsible for answering problems
related to products.
1.2 Process Diagram
The integrated radio network planning process is composed of two successive stages:
Radio network nominal planning stage1
Radio network cell planning stage
Radio network nominal planning is the preliminary planning of the future network in the early
stage of a project before site survey is carried out. The nominal planning report could be used for
the communications in the early stage of the project and for the cost estimation during
preparation of the contract.
In the radio network cell planning stage, site survey and verification should be carried out on
the selection of sites to identify each cell’s engineering parameters (which provides a guide to the
project construction) related to network planning; verify the cell parameter settings and planning
effect through simulation. The output report is the final scheme of the radio network planning that
may guide the project construction.
1 In extensive rural area, the subscriber distribution is subject to terrain and thus of much difference with the assumed uniform distribution applied in dimensioning process. In other words, the network in rural area should cover isolated spot, such as villages and small towns, which are connected together and to other areas with roads and freeways. So the rural area should be divided and the dimensioning should be applied village by village, town by town and road by road.
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1.2.1 Radio Network Nominal Planning Process
Figure 1 Radio network nominal planning process
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1.2.2 Radio Network Cell Planning Process
Figure 2 Radio network cell planning process
1.3 Input Demand
1.3.1 Target Area Information
In respect with the information of an area to be covered in the planning, personnel should
acquaint themselves with it through maps, networks and markets. The information includes:
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1. The area, population and economy
2. Distribution of clutters and land forms
3. Client information and market conditions
1.3.2 Network Construction Target
Network construction target includes the requirements of:
1. Network services
2. Network coverage range and coverage quality
3. Network capacity
4. Upper limit of cell loading target
If the commercial network planning is started from the project contract, the network
construction target should be determined.
If it is the planning process before the project contracting process, communications with the
client is necessary. Export it in a formal document, and let the client determine it.
1.3.3 Network Scale and Construction Stage Planning
If the commercial network planning is started from the project contract, the network
construction scale and construction stage planning can be determined according to the project
contract.
If it is the planning process before a project contract is concluded, the network construction
scale can be obtained through network dimensioning process according to the network
construction target. Construction stage planning is subject to market prediction and network
construction strategy, so while determining matters in this aspect, personnel from product lines
and the marketing department should join hands in the determination; communications should be
performed with operators as sufficiently as possible, guide should be offered together with the
solutions of Huawei, so as to resolve the related problems, bring forth competitive schemes and
obtain the recognition of the clients, and provide a guide to subsequent planning work.
1.3.4 Site Information Available from Operators
For 2G operators, the application of existing 2G sites should be considered for new networks
to reduce network construction cost to the minimum extent. Detailed information on 2G sites
should be available from operators if possible.
Some of new mobile operators own the assets (including office buildings, equipment rooms,
business departments, access points, etc.). The information should be available from these
operators.
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1.4 List of Output Documents
1) XXX Project Network Dimensioning Report
2) XXX Project Construction Demand Information Collection Sheet
3) XXX Project Environment Survey Report of Target Planning Area
4) XXX Project Propagation Model Calibration Report
5) XXX Project Network Nominal Planning Report
6) XXX Project Network Planning Report
7) XXX Project Network Planning Site Survey Report
8) XXX Project Electromagnetic Interference Test Report
9) XXX Project Engineering Parameter Sheet
10) XXX Project Summary of Cell Parameters Related to Network Planning
1.5 Work Guide
1) WCDMA RNP Digital Map Type Selection Guide
2) WCDMA RNP Digital Map Acceptance Operation Guide
3) \WCDMA RNP Operation Guide to Conversion of Vector Data to mif File
4) WCDMA RNP Model Baseline of Data Service Related to Market
5) WCDMA RNP Special Study on Data Service Model Analysis
6) WCDMA RNP Operation Guide to Traffic Density Distribution Prediction
7) WCDMA RNP CW Test Guide
8) WCDMA RNP Propagation Model Calibration Data Analysis Guide
9) WCDMA RNP Enterprise V4.x Multi-NodeB Import Operation Guide
10) WCDMA RNP Antenna Type Selection Guide
11) WCDMA RNP Standard Propagation Model Parameters of Various
Environments
12) WCDMA RNP Enterprise Planning Software Users’ Guide
13) WCDMA RNP Enterprise Parameter Setting Guide
14) WCDMA RNP NodeB Network Planning Survey Guide
15) WCDMA RNP Electromagnetic Interference Test Guide
16) WCDMA RNP Paging Area Planning Guide
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17) WCDMA RNP RNC Area Planning Guide
18) WCDMA RNP Scramble Code Planning Guide
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2 Project Preparation Stage
2.1 Network Planning Team Structure
The typical structure of a radio network planning team for a project is as follows:
Figure 3 Typical structure of a radio network planning team
For the function of each role and the definition of responsibility, refer to the description in
Section 1.1.
For projects of large scale (over 100 sites), divide it into multiple sub-project according to the
geographical areas. The division principle of the target areas of project planning is to minimize
the influence among various sub-projects.
The sub-project division is carried out by the network planning manager (NP_PM) who is
also responsible for the coordination between various sub-projects in the planning stage.
2.2 Work Scheme Preparation of Planning Stage
After the radio network planning project team is established, the radio network planning
manager (NP_PM) will be responsible for the preparation of project work scheme.
In the work scheme, what should be specified includes: role candidate, time schedule of
each stage and output requirement.
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RNP ManagerNP_PM
RNP Team Leader - 1 RNP_PL
System Simulation PersonnelNPSIM
NP survey personnelNPSVY
Site test personnelNPDRV
RNP Team Leader - N RNP_PL
System Simulation PersonnelNPSIM
NP survey personnelNPSVY
Site test personnelNPDRV
Engineering survey Personnel
EGSVY
Engineering survey Personnel
EGSVY
………………
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
2.3 Basic Project information
Network planning is closely related to practice. To output the optimum and reliable planning
scheme, it is necessary to comprehend the target planning areas and the client requirements.
Before a project planning is started, the network planning personnel, especially the manager
and the team leader of the radio network planning project (NP_PM & NP_PL) should search and
learn information the following information of the target planning areas.
1. Size of area, population and economy
Generally, the information about area size, population and economy can be obtained through
the local annals, administrative/tourist maps and Internet.
Information about population and economy includes the number of population, administrative
area, annual output value, income per capita, etc.
If detailed population distribution and density data can be obtained in this stage, it will be
valuable references for the correct setting of traffic distribution in the successive stage of system
simulation.
2. Clutter & terrain distribution
Clutter and terrain distribution includes the information about building distribution and height
variation of terrain.
If digital maps are available, the above-mentioned information can be obtained through the
digital map statistics.
If not available, the above-mentioned information should be obtained by means of other
methods (site survey and local personnel).
3. Client & market
Client and market information that have to be comprehended includes:
Names of local operators (2G & 3G)
Market shares of client operators
If possible, the following information should be comprehended:
Number of network subscribers of Client 2G/3G, ARPU
Number of network subscribers of competitors of Client 2G/3G, ARPU
Generally, the above-mentioned information can be obtained from account manager
(MKTAC) / product manager (MKTPD). Furthermore, some information related to the listed
operators can be obtained from their financial reports.
2.4 Acquisition of Digital Maps
2.4.1 Digital Maps for Planning
Digital maps are necessary for the nominal planning that is based on system simulation.
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To avoid repeated procurements which will lead to wastes, find out existing digital maps of
Huawei through the assets library first, and verify the dates corresponding to the map information.
Generally, the digital map information date (the satellite photo date) is valid within two years;
otherwise the digital map information should be updated. For some cities with few constructions,
on the premise that the environments vary little, update period over two years is acceptable.
If map suppliers have the digital map of the target area, the supply period is generally within
2 weeks; if the map needs to be prepared, the supply period will be no less than 4 weeks, and the
procurement electronic stream takes 2 weeks. Therefore, once a project is started, purchase the
digital maps as early as possible and care for the development of the electronic stream.
The accuracy of 20m is usually adopted for common city digital maps. For planning of local
networks, the accuracy of 50m can be adopted to reduce the cost. For the specific indexes
verification of digital maps, refer to WCDMA RNP Digital Map Type Selection Guide.
If allowed, satellite photos, site surveys and administrative maps can be used to inspect the
reliability of digital maps. For the specific methods, refer to WCDMA RNP Digital Map
Acceptance Operation Guide.
2.4.2 Digital Maps in Mapinfo Format
Digital maps in Mapinfo format are not mandatory in planning process, but they are helpful in
site works, such as, drive tests and survey.
If users have Mapinfo digital maps, borrow them from users to reduce project costs if
possible.
For small projects, digital maps can be self-prepared through the following methods; it is
unnecessary to purchase them:
1. Output vector data of digital maps, for the specific methods, refer to \WCDMA RNP
Operation Guide to Conversion of Vector Data to mif File;
2. For digital maps, rectify them after image capture is displayed in the screen;
3. For paper maps, rectify them after being scanned.
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3 WCDMA Network Nominal Planning Operation Guide
3.1 Prepare Network Construction Strategy and Periodic Planning Targets
If the commercial network planning is started from the project contract, operators have
defined the network construction strategy and the staged planning target already, so the planning
should follow the project contract.
For the planning process prior to the contract preparation, operators usually have not any
clear construction ideas. In this case, cooperate with the product manager (MKTPD) and
customer manager (MKTAC), consider the market situations and analyze operators’ demand to
prepare optimum solutions and guiding strategies on behalf of operators. And then define the
network construction strategies and staged planning targets together with customers through
visits and technical exchanges.
For operators that have 2G networks, the early-stage network construction strategy is more
likely that: adopt new WCDMA network in hot spot areas/big cities to provide characteristic data
services with good returns, and continue to provide universal coverage voice service and low rate
service through dual-mode UEs and inter-system handover on GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks. And
then, extend the coverage range of WCDMA network to achieve the target of universal coverage
according to the market development conditions. For operators that apply this strategy, the early
stage network construction should be in hot spot areas to provide high-quality data service
coverage.
For operators that have not any 2G networks, the strategy is more likely that: make full use of
broad coverage measures in early stage of the network construction, so as to establish the
universal coverage that is at least to town with minimum costs; and then eliminate blind zones
and extend the capacity through cell splitting. For operators that select this strategy, continuous
voice services and low rate data services are the majority coverage target of the network
construction in the early stage, and the coverage quality is not required too high.
Network construction strategy influences directly preparation schemes of staged network
construction and network construction determination which will be described in the following
section. In this stage, planning engineers should coordinate with the market personnel positively
and provide support data to guide customers, and to bring forth competitive solutions.
3.2 Definition of Network Construction Target
The total requirements for network construction target include:
1. Network service
2. Network coverage range and coverage quality
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3. Network capacity
4. Upper limit of cell loading target
If the commercial network planning is started from the project contract, some total quality
requirements will generally be defined in the project contract; however, there are still some
unspecified details, such as, coverage requirements of specific areas, possible expression
ambiguity and so on. These should be specified through communications with operators
(OPRTR).
For the planning process prior to project contract preparation, operators usually have not any
clear construction ideas. In this case, cooperate with the product manager (MKTPD) and
customer manager (MKTAC), consider the market situations and analyze operators’ demands to
prepare optimum solutions and guide strategies on behalf of operators. And then define the
network construction target together with customers through visits and technical exchanges.
In this stage, radio network planning personnel manager (NP_PM) should fill XXX Project
Construction Demand Information Collection Sheet to make verification to operators, which will
taken as the base of the successive work.
3.2.1 Network Service
1. Service type and bearer mapping relation
Service and corresponding bearer mode to be supplied for network to be established.
Currently, usual services and corresponding bearer modes are listed in the following table:
Table 1 Usual services and corresponding bearer modes
UL DL
Voice AMR 12.2kbps AMR 12.2kbps
Email / MMS UDD 64kbps UDD 64kbps ~ 384kbps
Web UDD 64kbps UDD 64kbps ~ 384kbps
Game/ICQ UDD 8kbps ~ 64kbps UDD 8kbps ~ 64kbps
Ring download UDD 64kbps UDD 64kbps
Video UDD 64kbps LCD 64kbps ~ 384kbps
SMS UDD 8kbps ~ 32kbps UDD 8kbps ~ 32kbpsProviding multi-modes of bearers, WCDMA provides necessary platform for various
services. In the current stage, we cannot foresee what new services will come forth and which
services will become key services, but these are key factors for discrepant competition between
operators and for investment return of operators. This target demands should be prepared mainly
by the product manager (MKTPD) with an eye to the equipment capability in our company; and it
should also be done together with operators with the consideration of the market situations.
2. Service model
The service model is decided by the application mode of this service. Usually, it does not
change with users’ behaviors. If it cannot be given by operators, in case operates' agree, use the
baseline data (WCDMA RNP Model Baseline of Data Service Related to Market) of Huawei.
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3. Traffic model
Traffic model refers to the way and frequency of a service used by users; it determines the
capacity demand of the network to be established. The determination of this model is closely
related to the prediction of the future market, so it should be determined through communications
s with customers.
For voice services, experience data of 2G is 0.02Erlang per user in the busy hour. (Data
used for planning, statistics data of current networks are lower)
For data services, in case customers are lack of experience data, it can be considered that,
customers give rough market prediction data, then analyze them, and send the obtained traffic
model to customers for verification.
Usual prediction data that can be the base of speculating include:
1. High, medium and low users’ proportions, corresponding ARPU values and charging
rate prediction of various services.
2. High, medium and low users’ proportions and busy throughput of the data service
(kbps / user / BH).
For detailed prediction methods, refer to WCDMA RNP Special Study on Data Service Model
Analysis.
3.2.2 Network Coverage Range and Coverage Quality
1. Network coverage range
The network coverage range refers to the target area that requires WCDMA coverage. This
area should be determined by operators and specified in the project contract. Because of the
staged construction requirements, this coverage range will probably be given in way of increase
year after year.
2. Communication probability
In the commercial network construction process, the coverage quality requirement is usually
given in communication probability. “The communication probability refers to the success
probability that a mobile station performs satisfactory call (voice quality reaches the specified
requirement) at the edge of radio coverage area (or inside the area). It includes location
probability and time probability.” Error: Reference source not found For celluar land mobile communication
systems, since communication probability varies little with time, location probability requirement
is mainly considered in planning.
In 2G stage, typical network coverage quality description: “In radio coverage areas, mobile
stations with 90% of the locations 99% of the time can access to the network.” Requirements of
location probability and time probability are given in this statement. For the WCDMA network,
multiple services are available. These services have different Qos, and because of the difference
of the target customer group distributions and the difference of priority, different coverage quality
requirements should be set for different services.
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90% of the location probability requirements above corresponds to the area coverage
probability requirements, and these requirements have direct influences on the setting of shadow
fading margin in link budget Error: Reference source not found. High requirements of coverage probability
correspond to large shadow fading margin and small site distance. Therefore, too high
requirements of coverage probability will increase largely the network construction cost. In the
process of the communications with customers, persuade them at the point of view of return on
investment, and avoid inappropriate network construction demands.
For the12.2kbps voice service that usually requires continuous coverage and UDD64kbps /
LCD64kbps bearers, the typical coverage probability requirements are as follows:
Table 2 Typical requirements of area coverage probability in different environments
Morphology Coverage Probability
Dense Urban 98%Urban 95%
Suburban 90%Rural Area < 90%High Way 95%
3. Indoor coverage requirements
Besides the above-mentioned communication probability requirements, the indoor coverage
quality requirement should be defined for operators. In tenders and project contracts, to avoid the
different comprehensions on the definition of indoor coverage quality, operators will usually give
the consistent requirement of penetration loss margin, as shown in the following table:
Table 3 Typical requirements of penetration loss margin in different environments
Morphology Penetration Loss (dB)
Dense Urban 19Urban 13
Suburban 8Rural Area 8High Way 8
Although the indoor coverage solutions in the late stage can be adopted to realize better
indoor coverage quality, with an eye to the return on investment, such project can only be
executed for buildings that are of high commercial value; for most common buildings, especially
residential buildings, the coverage depends mainly on the outdoor NodeB. Therefore, it is
necessary to reserve certain penetration loss margin in planning.
Note that large penetration loss margin can improve indoor coverage effect, while it will
make the number of sites required for coverage increase rapidly, resulting in increased network
construction cost. In the process of the communications with customers, persuade them with the
point of view of return on investment, and avoid inappropriate network construction demands.
For the early-stage network construction, operators may consider putting aside indoor
coverage requirements temporarily, extend the capacity and improve the indoor coverage through
late-stage cell splitting manner to reduce early-stage network construction cost. In this case,
penetration loss margin of no less than 8dB should be considered in planning, so as to ensure 2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 22 of 43
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communication quality of a mobile station inside vehicle at cell edge.
3.2.3 Network User Capacity
The main demand of network capacity is based on operators’ prediction on the future
markets. In tenders or project contracts, operators will usually give the network capacity demands
of each year. However, for system simulation, it is not enough that only total capacity demand is
available, detailed traffic density distribution data are required for planning input.
For operators that have 2G networks, through the traffic statistics data of 2G networks, the
traffic density distribution data can be predicted with consideration of market situation. For the
detailed process, refer to Section “2G Traffic Statistics Data Analysis” in WCDMA RNP Operation
Guide to Traffic Density Distribution Prediction.
For new operators, besides referring to the data from competitors if possible, they can also
predict the traffic density of the future network according to the local population distribution
information. However, the usual population distribution data that can be obtained are of statistics
according to administrative regions, so the data is not accurate enough to be adopted in planning.
In this case, according to the actual local conditions and economic status, divide each
administrative region into high-density population area, medium-density population area and low-
density population area; divide traffic density according to polygons. For the detailed process,
refer to Section “Population Data Analysis” in WCDMA RNP Operation Guide to Traffic
Density Distribution Prediction.
3.2.4 Upper Limit of Cell Loading Target
To ensure the comparability of the output results of each manufacture, sometimes operators
will give the upper limit of cell loading target, and require that the cell load in the planning output
scheme be lower than this limit. In simulation and nominal planning, design should be carried out
within this limit.
If operators have not given this limit, for macro cells, the load limit is recommended to be:
50% for uplink, 75% for downlink (transmission end load definition, including common channels).
3.3 Initial Site Selection
3.3.1 Site Survey of Local Environments
Site selection is closely related to the local propagation environment, so if allowed, the
planning personnel (NP_PL / NPSVY) should carry out site survey before nominal planning to
learn about the following information:
1. Typical propagation environment types and distributions of target planning areas. For
the description of the characteristics of various environment types, refer to [2]Miao
Jiashu & Chen Yan, WCDMA RNP Solution Typcial Application Scenario Analysis in
RAN Coverage Solution Ver1.01, Radio Network System Dept. Shanghai Branch,
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
2002/10/30.
2. Average height of buildings in each area.
3. Tree distribution in each area (kind, height, density).
4. Emphasized coverage target location and surroundings (including: government office
buildings, customer office buildings, customer residential areas, important industrial and
mining enterprises, etc.).
In survey processes, photos should be taken appropriately, and if possible, output XXX
Project Environment Survey Report of Target Planning Area.
In this process, accuracy of purchased digital maps can be verified at the same time, for the
specific method, refer to the Section “Site Survey & Verification” in WCDMA RNP Digital Map
Acceptance Operation Guide.
3.3.2 Propagation Model Calibration (Optional)
If possible, select typical propagation type area for CW test on the basis of site survey, and
carry out propagation model correction according to the test results. For the specific method,
refer to WCDMA RNP CW Test Guide、WCDMA RNP Propagation Model Calibration Data
Analysis Guide.
The output document of propagation model correction: XXX Project Propagation Model
Calibration Report.
3.3.3 Acquisition of Candidate Site Information for Operators
In the network construction cost, the site cost takes a rather large proportion; with the
improvement of human environment consciousness, new sites’ acquisition becomes more and
more difficult. In selection of WCDMA sites, candidate sites available from operators should be
adopted to the maximum to reduce the construction cost.
Operators that have 2G networks should obtain all existing site information, including:
1. Location (longitude and latitude);
2. Height (Attention should be paid to distinguishing the antenna height from the site
antenna surface height);
3. Existing equipment type (GSM900 / DCS1800 / PHS / CDMA / etc);
4. Indoor NodeB or outdoor NodeB?
If possible, the following information is helpful to the planning mentioned below:
1. Equipment room and transmission condition;
2. Site configuration, antenna azimuth and down tilt of the existing 2G equipment;
3. Whether there are other operator equipments and equipment types that share the same
stations or not.
For operators that have not 2G networks, their assets, such as business point, may also be
utilized in site establishment. For these candidate sites, learn about the following information:
1. Location (longitude and latitude);
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
2. Tower's or building's Height;
3. Whether or not surface is available for antenna installation, and whether or not other
devices are working;
4. Whether or not appropriate equipment rooms are available.
3.3.4 Initial Site Selection
Macro cells are usually adopted in the early stage of network construction. A macro cell
refers to a site where the coverage is mainly realized with waves diffracted over the roof and
where antenna installation height is higher than the average height of the surrounding buildings.
The planning design of the micro cell coverage network is not described in this document.
The initial site selection process is as follows:
Figure 4 Initial site selection process
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1. Site import
Import candidate sites supplied by customers into Enterprise.
When there are many candidate sites, import them in batch into Enterprise. For detailed
operation methods, refer to WCDMA RNP Enterprise V4.x Multi-NodeB Import Operation Guide.
In convenience for the successive site selection, the import information should contain site
state information, for example, whether it is the macro cell site, whether it has equipment rooms,
whether it shares site with other equipments, and so on.
If there are little site information, distinguish the sites by adding prefixes to the names of pre-
defined sites.
If there is abundant site information, the “status flag” Function of Enterprise is recommended
for the description of site aided information. When using this function, it is required to define “ flag
groups” in the project at first, and then add corresponding “status flags” into the imported
information. In this case, observation and site filtering can be carried out conveniently in the
following site selection stage. For the detailed operation methods, refer to “help” files of
Enterprise.
Enterprise provides 5-digit flags, so the definition method of “flag group” is recommended as
follows:
Table 1 Recommended definition method of flag group2
Height -, ~15m, 15m~30m, 30m~50m, 50m~
Site Type -, green, indoor, outdoor
Co-site -, GSM900, GSM1800, CDMA, PHS, microwave
Feeder -, ~30m, 30m~60m, 60m~
Room -, none, existing but limited, available
2. Area division
Combining the digital map information and the environment survey reports, outline the
“polygon” for areas with different propagation types in the target area.
3. Determination of distance between sites
On the basis of the calibrated propagation model, use link budget tool to calculate the cell
radius of each area which satisfies the coverage requirement.
Attention should be paid to the difference between site types when the distance between
sites is calculated according to the cell radius. The usual site types include:
Omni: which is applied to remote areas where users are distributed
sparsely. From the point of view of coverage extension, OTSR station
type can be considered to replace it, and the antenna selection is
similar to that of 3-sector central excitation.
3-sector centre excitation: which is applied to somewhat remote
areas (characteristics: independent station, it is unnecessary for
2 The first item corresponds to displayed information of sites not set to this state; it is “-” in this recommendation, refer to “help" for “status flag” settings in Enterprise.2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 26 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
adjacent cell to complement the coverage.).
3-sector apex-angle excitation (clover type): which is recommended
in urban environments.
6-sector: this is used in the scenario that capacity is limited when
operators have few carriers.
These types are as follows:
R D
R D
Figure 5 Omni type & 3-sector centre excitation type
D
R
D
R
Figure 6 3-sector apex-single excitation type (clover type) & 6-sector type
For different site types and corresponding antenna selections, refer to WCDMA RNP
Antenna Type Selection Guide.
For different site types, the calculation formulae of the distance between sites D and typical
antenna level half-power angles are as listed in the following table:
Table 1 Calculation formulae of distance between sites D and typical antenna level half-power angles under
different station types
TypeTheoretical
formula
Engineering approximate
formula
typical antenna level (HPBW)
Omni site D = sqrt(3)×R D = 1.73R Omni-directional3-sector centre excitation D = sqrt(3)×R D = 1.73R 90°
3-sector clover type D = 1.5×R D = 1.50R 65°
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6-sector D = sqrt(3)×R D = 1.73R 33°Multiply the obtained distance between sites D by 20%, and take the product as
appropriate range of distance between sites.
4. Site selection/New site
According to the range requirement of distance between sites, select among candidate sites
from dense urban area. When the number of candidate sites that agrees with the requirements is
more than 1, it is necessary to select the best one from them.
Site condition is an comprehensive index, so the factors that should be considered include:
location, site height, surrounding, acquisition cost, equipment room, transmission and so on. Site
information obtained in this stage is usually not complete, so it is difficult to carry out the complete
comparison; generally, the comparison focuses on site location and height, aided with the
judgment of other factors. At this time, the “status flags” function in site import can be used to
help analysis.
In different environments, requirements of antenna installation heights are as follows:
Table 2 Requirements of antenna installation heights in different environments3
Requirement of antenna installation heightRelative height above average
clutters Relative height above ground
Recommended value
Max. value Min. valueRecommended
valueMax. value
Dense urban 1m 2m 15m 20m 25m
Urban 2m 4m 20m 25m 30m
Suburb 4m 8m 20m 30m 35m
Rural 30m 40m 20m 40m 50m
Significance Important Important For reference For reference For reference
Types of target planning areas and average height information of each area can be obtained
through the site survey in the previous stage.
If no sites are available within appropriate range of distance between sites, add a new site.
The name of the new site can be set temporarily according to its location (street, building, etc.).
When adding a new site, attention should be paid to the difference between the name of the new
site and that of the existing sites; the fixed prefix “NewSite_” is recommended before the name of
the new site. For height of the new site, refer to the recommended values in Table 2 .
When adding a new site, note that the NodeB cannot be located in the places where it is
obviously not suitable for site establishment, for example, parks, green lands, waters, etc.
5. Default antenna azimuth and down tilt
After determining the site location and the antenna height, set up engineering parameters,
such as antenna azimuth and down tilt.
3 Usually, the estimated antenna installation height is: adding the site height by 2m. The meaning of the site height in the site information should be known, and make it clear whether the antenna installation height is contained in site height information. 2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 28 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
1) Antenna azimuth
The determination of the antenna orientation is related to the selected site type. For the
discussion on site types, refer to the previous section.
Generally, in nominal planning stage, there is no strict limit for the antenna orientation, just
ensure the uniform antenna orientation angles of all sectors. However, considering that most
streets in new cities are east-west or north-south streets, 45°/165°/285°is recommended for the
default antenna orientations of 3-sector directional station, so as to avoid the waveguide effect in
long and straight streets.
2) Antenna down tilt
Distinguish two different scenarios (coverage-limited and capacity-limited) and carry out
analysis.
For the scenario that coverage is limited, adjust the down tilt to make the antenna main lobe
pointing to the cell boarder:
For the scenario that capacity is limited, adjust the down tilt to make the half power point in
vertical plane of the antenna main lobe pointing to the cell boarder:
If an antenna embedded with fixed down tilt is adopted, make sure the electrical down tilt part
should be deducted when the mechanical down tilt is set. If the required down tilt is less than the
fixed down tilt, the required down tilt can be obtained via using the mechanical up tilt.
6. Coverage prediction
After the preliminary site selection, verify network coverage quality preliminarily through
coverage prediction.
The key of coverage prediction is the calibration of the propagation model. Note:
Different propagation models should be adopted for cells in different
types of areas.
If propagation model calibration has been conducted in the target area,
adopt the calibrated model and ensure that the settings of diffraction
parameters and antenna height calculations are uniform with that in
calibration process.
For areas in which propagation model calibration has not been
conducted, if corrected propagation models of 1800MHz are available,
add the value of K1 by the frequency loss (2.5 dB) and then adopt it.
In case calibrated propagation models are not available for the target
areas, refer to WCDMA RNP Standard Propagation Model Parameters
of Various Environment.
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In the coverage prediction results, observe mainly the distribution of Best Server and pilot
signal strength.
For the requirements of pilot signal strength, ensure that the received pilot signal strength is
higher than (EiRP value of pilot transmission power – the strictest value of path loss in continuous
coverage services – obtained through link budget). In the early stage of WCDMA network
construction, continuous coverage is required for the LCD64kbps data service, and requirements
of the lowest corresponding received pilot signal strength are as listed in the following table
(obtained through Link Budget Table V 3.1)4:
Table 3 Requirements of lowest pilot receiving levels corresponding to continuous coverage of lcd64kbps service
Environment type
Indoor coverage Outdoor coverage
MAPLPilot receiving
levelMAPL
Pilot receiving level
Dense urban 129dB -79dBm 140dB -90dBm
Common urban 135dB -85dBm 141dB -91dBm
Suburb 141dB -91dBm 141dB -91dBm
Rural 141dB -91dBm 141dB -91dBm
For small areas where the coverage level cannot reach the requirement, improve it by
adjusting the antenna orientation and down tilt.
For large area where the coverage cannot reach the requirement, analyze whether the
distance between sites is too big: If it is, consider adding new sites to complement coverage;
otherwise, check whether there is error in the parameter settings related to coverage prediction.
For Best Server output, put emphasis on observing whether the Best Server area of each cell
in the same type of area is uniform. If there are too big or too small serving area of Best Servers,
analyze the reason and adjust the antenna orientation and down tilt in the surrounding cells to try
to improve it. If necessary, adjust the site to solve it.
After the preliminary selection and site engineering parameter adjustment above, start the
next step: network simulation and more accurate adjustment.
3.4 System Simulation and Site Adjustment
3.4.1 System Simulation
System simulation work is executed by system simulation personnel (NPSIM), and relevant
input is provided by the radio network planning team leader. For system simulation process, refer
to WCDMA RNP Enterprise Planning Software Users’ Guide and WCDMA RNP Enterprise
Parameter Setting Guide.
4 Suppose that: the feeder cable loss is 3dB; without adopting towers; outdoor coverage requirements correspond to penetration loss of 8dB (UE coverage in vehicle); the pilot transmission power is 33dBm; the antenna gain is 17dBi; and the default value of the link budget tool is required for the penetration loss margin of each area.2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 30 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
3.4.2 Site Adjustment
The following list should be output for system simulation:
1. Figure of pilot coverage effect in target planning areas: Ec and Ec/Io;
2. Pilot signal coverage probability of each cell: Ec and Ec/Io > lowest preset pilot receiving
power threshold probability;
For Ec threshold, refer to the description in Section 6 of 3.3.4.
For Ec/Io threshold, set it according to coverage requirements and service channel
transmission power. For areas where continuous coverage of LCD64kbps data service
is required, this threshold can be set to -13dB: suppose that the maximum transmission
power of 64kbps service is set higher than pilot power by 1dB, and the signal-to-noise
ratio of the downlink LCD64kbps service demodulation is required to be about -12dB.
3. Geographical distribution diagram of communication probability of each service;
4. Geographical distribution diagram and statistics sheet of access failure reason of each
service;
5. Geographical distribution diagram of link balance analysis;
6. Geographical distribution diagram of uplink load of each cell;
7. Geographical distribution diagram of pilot pollution;
8. Geographical distribution diagram and statistics sheet of handover probability of each
service.
Each of these charts shows an aspect of the network performance. The radio network
planning team leader (NP_PL), together with system simulation personnel (NPSIM), should
analyze the failure reason of each index, and carry out relevant site adjustment measures, so as
to ensure that the final network quality reaches the requirements of the planning targets.
3.5 Nominal Planning Report Output of Radio Network
Through the preliminary site selection and network simulation and adjustment processes in
the previous stages, each performance index of the output planning scheme should satisfy the
requirements of the planning targets. Based on this, the radio network planning team leader
(NP_PL) will output XXX Project Network Nominal Planning Report. The report contents are
required as follows:
1. Project background introduction;
2. Target planning area information: area, population, distribution, etc., refer to XXX Project
Environment Survey Report of Target Planning Area;
3. Radio network nominal planning scheme: geographical distribution diagram of sites,
complete site list (including site name, longitude and latitude, engineering parameter and
so on), etc.;
4. Performance summary of planning scheme: which is output on the basis of the
simulation results of the final scheme;
5. Appendix: output statistics chart of performance simulation of planning scheme, which is 2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 31 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
provided by the system simulation personnel (NPSIM).
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4 WCDMA Network Cell Planning Operation Guide
The planning state is based on the nominal planning report which was output in the previous
stage. Personnel in this stage should be familiar with the output result of the previous stage,
especially the parts of planning target, planning conclusion and site requirements.
For the work flow of this stage, refer to Figure 2 .
4.1 Site Survey & Frequency Scanning
In the stage of site survey, it is required to carry out site survey on all site in the nominal
planning scheme, and determine the antenna installation location, engineering parameters and so
on for sites that satisfy the requirements; for sites that do not satisfy the requirements, present
site replacement proposition, and verify them through system simulation if necessary.
Work in this stage is completed mainly by the network planning survey personnel (NPSVY)
and engineering survey personnel (EGSVR) under the guidance of the radio network planning
team leader (NP_PL)5.
For the specific electronic stream in the stage of site survey, refer to the following figure:
5 The subcontracted process will not be discussed in this document. In overseas projects, this operation method is frequently seen.2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 33 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
Figure 7 Site survey process
For operators that have 2G networks, the detailed site information of the existing networks
can be usually obtained from the Operation and Maintenance Dept. In this case, in order to
reduce the amount of work, site survey reports can be accomplished directly by the information.
4.1.1 Search Ring of New Site
Besides the application of the existing sites of operators, only the theoretical locations are
given for other new sites in the planning scheme; the network planning survey personnel
(NPSVY) should obtain some sites satisfying the requirements near this location. As the guide for
the site survey personnel, radio network planning team leader should be responsible for
outputting the “Search Ring” (which is called “Search Zone” sometimes.) for each new site on the
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basis of the nominal planning report. Only sites within this range are taken as possible candidate
sites.
The size of Search Ring should be appropriate. If it is too small, it will be likely that candidate
sites satisfying the requirements cannot be found; if it is too big, it will be likely that site
construction is carried out by using this site, and there will be differences between network
performance and planning results which are on the basis of theoretical location.
According to experiences, the determination of the size of Search Ring centers theoretical
location with the range of one-eighth of the radius. Besides, height requirement should be
presented for the candidate site. In this meaning, Search Ring is a 3-dimension concept. For
requirements of antenna installation height, refer to the description in Table 2 (In the nominal
planning, the theoretical height is usually set according to the recommended value.).
4.1.2 Site survey & Frequency Scanning
1. Preparation of planning in site survey stage
Site survey is a stage with large amount of work in radio network planning; there are many
uncertain factors, so there may be iteration. Site survey is the precondition of planning scheme
output, so there is usually strong pressure in progress which comes from markets. To avoid
influences on the late-stage project cost estimation and network performance by hasted site
surveys, radio network planning team leader should prepare in advance a plan of site survey
stage and communicate with relevant departments.
In order to speed the survey time for large scale commercial network construction,,
appropriate division can be considered for the target planning area; set up multi-survey teams
uniformly led by radio network planning team leader (NP_PL), and complete the survey.
In plan preparation, the amount of work can be estimated according to that a site is
completed by each team (one NPSVY plus one NGSVY) in each half workday. Network planning
survey report should be output during the survey process, so as to find new requirements of
candidate sites in time, then allocate the resources and adjust the plan. Since charts are involved,
the engineering survey report can be output later, but relevant conclusion should be reflected in
time in the network planning survey report.
2. Preparation
The network planning survey personnel (NPSVY) should prepare administrative maps and
rastered digital maps in Mapinfo format, and import all the site information contained in the
planning scheme. For new sites requiring survey, distinguish them from the existing sites with
special fields for the convenience of setting the query condition while being used.
Site survey should be completed together by NPSVY and engineering survey personnel
(EGSVY), which should be carried out before survey.
For sites that requires the cooperation of operators, contact with the account manager
(MKTAC).
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For other survey equipments that should be prepared, refer to WCDMA RNP NodeB
Network Planning Survey Guide; if Frequency Scanning test should be carried out at the same
time, prepare Frequency Scanning equipments. Refer to WCDMA RNP Electromagnetic
Interference Test Guide.
3. Obtaining candidate sites
Candidate sites are usually supplied by a third party on the basis of the site requirements
that network planning survey personnel supplies. The third party may be a property agency, or
may be an operator.
In GSM establishment, there are some projects do not require determining candidate sites,
but carrying out survey directly, and then operators will take charge of bargaining the chartering
matters. However, this method will result in large amounts of reworking, and it will increase the
uncertainty of the plan progress, so it is not recommended in WCDMA network construction.
In actual operation process, it may be that candidate sites cannot be found inside “Search
Ring”, or although candidate sites are available, property negotiation fails. At this time, network
survey personnel (NPSVY) should consider, on the premise that radio network planning
personnel team leader agrees, to loosen the requirements of site height at first, and then to
loosen the requirements of searching range to find candidate sites. The obtained site information
should be input into the simulation tool to verify its influences on the network performance.
4. Site Survey
Site survey is completed together by the network planning survey personnel (NPSVY) and
engineering survey personnel (EGSVY). For the operation process, refer to WCDMA RNP NodeB
Network Planning Survey Guide.
In the survey process, NPSVY should refer to the requirements of the nominal planning
scheme, and determine the antenna installation location, antenna installation method, antenna
azimuth, antenna down tilt and so on according to the actual site conditions. For the matters and
attention in this process, refer to WCDMA RNP NodeB Network Planning Survey Guide.
5. Site survey report output
Network planning survey personnel (NPSVY) is responsible for the output of XXX Project
XXX Station Network Planning Survey Report for the surveyed site. To avoid information error
caused by neglect, to find problems about candidate sites in time, and to prepare solution
schemes, output site survey report everyday.
The survey report of the engineering part is output by engineering survey personnel, but
relevant conclusions should be reflected in site survey report, including:
Antenna installation method and location;
Feeder cable length;
Equipment room conditions (space, grounding…);
Transmission conditions (E1, microwave, HDSL…).
After all the site surveys are finished, the network planning survey personnel should 2004-07-09 All rights reserved Page 36 of 43
WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
summarize and output XXX Project Network Planning Site Survey Report and XXX Project
Engineering Parameter Sheet on the basis of each site survey report.
6. Electromagnetic interference test & electromagnetic interference test report output
For sites that share the station with other radio equipments (GSM, CDMA, PHS, microwave
and so on), the antenna installation method and installation location should be determined
according to relevant specifications to ensure certain isolation. Furthermore, electromagnetic
interference test equipments can also be considered for tests, so as to learn the actual
electromagnetic interference conditions of this site.
For the equipments used in the electromagnetic interference test and the test process, refer
to WCDMA RNP Electromagnetic Interference Test Guide. The test is usually completed in the
site survey process by the network planning survey personnel (NPSVY), and after that, output
XXX Project Electromagnetic Interference Test Report.
For large-scale trial networks, to reduce the amounts of survey work, carry out
electromagnetic interference test with selected-point method according to the actual conditions.
The electromagnetic interference test of the downlink frequency band in coverage area
should be completed by means of drive test; if testing, prepare test vehicles in advance.
4.2 Site Selection
On the basis of site survey, the actual site location and engineering parameters in the
planning scheme can be determined. When a theoretical station has more than one candidate
sites, site selection is necessary. In addition, if some sites cannot satisfy the requirements of
“Search Ring” or site conditions (equipment room, transmission and so on) cannot be fully
satisfied, it is required to judge whether site reselection is necessary.
Site selection process is completed by the radio network planning team leader (NP_PL)
assisted by network planning survey personnel (NPSVY) and engineering survey personnel
(EGSVY). This process is actually a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of all the
conditions of a site. The site conditions should be compared in detail and completely, so as to
avoid rework or increased costs because of incomprehensive consideration.
Site conditions can be reviewed from the following aspects:
Radio propagation
Construction
Commerce
In site selection process, emphasis should be put on the radio propagation condition;
considering construction feasibility and commercial limit, make the optimum selection. The
selection process should be made into documentation in reference to the adjustment of the
subsequent sites.
Factors that require to be reviewed in site condition comparison are listed in detail as follows:
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4.2.1 Radio Propagation
1. Site location, height
How much the site location, height conform to the planning scheme.
2. Surrounding clutters
Whether or notthere are disadvantageous factors to the target areas (such as large blocking)
near sites.
4.2.2 Construction
1. Equipment rooms
Whether there are available equipment rooms or are the existing equipment rooms enough?
If not, whether the equipment rooms can be rented or extended?
Estimation of the feeder cable length from the equipment room to the antenna.
In case equipment rooms are not available, what is the possibility of outdoor NodeB being
used?
2. Antenna installation
Antenna installation method: Top of tower, antenna post fixture on the roof, antenna post
fixture beside the wall, whether or not the antenna pattern is shaded by the antenna surface.
Whether or not to make use of the existing ones or to set up new ones.
Whether there is any shared equipment, and whether the requirement for the interval from
the shared equipment can be satisfied.
3. Transmission condition
Make sure transmission is available to the equipment room.
Transmission method: fiber, E1, microwave or HDSL? Share the 2G equipment?
4. Power condition
Equipment room power: -48V, +24V or AC220V? Whether the distribution cabinet should be
added?
Equipment room grounding: existing or new ones to be set up?
4.2.3 Commerce
The probability of site availability.
Leasing cost estimation
4.3 System Simulation
Except that the sites (which do not satisfy Search Ring requirements) require the
performance verification and system simulation in site survey process, all the sites require
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system simulation as well after they are determined; compare their performances with that in
nominal planning stage to find existing problems, and adjust the scheme.
System simulation is carried out by the system simulation personnel (NPSIM), and the
relevant input is provided by the radio network planning team leader. For the system simulation
process, refer to WCDMA RNP Enterprise Planning Software Users’ Guide and WCDMA RNP
Enterprise Parameter Setting Guide.
For the inspection of every output item of system simulation, refer to Section 3.4.2. In case
the network performance are not satisfied, analyze the reason, make an adjustment and
optimization, and consider reselecting some sites if necessary.
4.4 Report Output
After the planning scheme is simulated and verified, the radio network planning team leader
(NP_PL) will output XXX Project Network Planning Report.
The requirements of the planning scheme contents are basically the same with the nominal
planning scheme requirements described in Section 3.5, so they will not described any more
here.
In order to guide the construction, the planning report should include the planning
suggestions of the parameters related to the network planning below:
1. Location area and routing area planning;
2. RNC area planning;
3. List of neighbour cells (intra-frequency neighbour cell, inter-frequency neighbour cell and
inter-system neighbour cell);
4. Frequency planning;
5. Scramble code planning;
6. Allocation of cell channel power;
7. Handover parameter planning;
8. Admission parameter planning.
The planning principles and limit conditions of the parameters above should be specified in
the planning report, attached with XXX Project Summary of Cell Parameters Related to Network
Planning.
Note that, with the accumulation of the product application experiences, parameters related
to the network planning increase gradually, so the above-mentioned list is incomplete.
4.4.1 Location Area and Routing Area Planning
Refer to WCDMA RNP Paging Area Planning Guide.
4.4.2 RNC Area Planning
According to the projection requirements, determine the number of RNCs and RNC area
planning. Refer to WCDMA RNP RNC Area Planning Guide.
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4.4.3 Neighbour Cell Planning
Identify the intra-frequency neighbour cells of each cell according to system simulation
output.
If the inter-frequency cell exists, the inter-frequency neighbour cell planning should be
carried out according to the coverage prediction result of the simulation tool; the automatic tools
are not available for accomplishing such planning at present, so it should be accomplished
manually.
If operators have 2G network, inter-frequency handover will be required. At this moment, the
inter-system neighbour cell planning should be carried out according to the location of the 2G
site. This planning can be carried out after the 2G site is imported on the basis of coverage
prediction, which is similar to inter-frequency neighbour cell planning. However, this process
should also be carried out manually.
4.4.4 Frequency Planning
WCDMA frequency planning is simple: just setting it according to the operators’ resources.
If there is no special requirement, for the interval between the frequency points, take the
default value of 5MHz.
4.4.5 Scramble Code Planning
Refer to WCDMA RNP Scramble Code Planning Guide.
4.4.6 Allocation of Channel Power
Allocation of the cell channel power includes common channel power distribution rate and
dedicated channel power distribution rate.
Generally, in the planning report, the common channel power allocation parameter can be
set according to the default parameter suggestion supplied from the production line; and adjust
the parameter in the late stage of optimization according to the requirements.
The dedicated channel power allocation requires distinguishing the different services. For
services requiring continuous coverage, obtain them with the link budget tool according to the
actual cell radius. For services that do not require the continuous coverage, set them properly
according to the capacity requirements.
4.4.7 Handover Parameter Planning
Generally, in the planning report, the handover parameter can be set according to the default
parameter suggestion supplied from the production line; and adjust the parameter in the late
stage of optimization according to the requirements.
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
4.4.8 Admission Parameter Planning
The admission process is the key algorithm ensuring the stable cell quality.
Generally, the admission parameter can be set according to the default parameter
suggestion supplied from the production line; and adjust the parameter in the late stage of
optimization according to the requirements.
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
5 Appendix
5.1 Illustrations
Here refers to attachment 4:illustration.vsd
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WCDMA RNP Radio Network Planning Operation Guidance For internal use only
List of references:
[1] Kyoung II Kim, CDMA System Design and Optimization,,2000
[2] Miao Jiashu & Chen Yan, WCDMA RNP Solution Typcial Application Scenario Analysis in
RAN Coverage Solution Ver1.01, Radio Network System Dept. Shanghai Branch, 2002/10/30
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