wcdma principle 20100208 a

8/8/2019 WCDMA Principle 20100208 A

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H U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE SH U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE SC O LT DC O LT D

All rights reservedAll rights reserved., .HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD., .HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD

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WCDMA Principle


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Objectives


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Contents

l 3G Overviewl CDMA Principle

l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l Physical Layer Overview

l Physical Channels

l Physical Layer Procedure


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Different Service, Different Technology

AMPSMPS

TACSACS

NMTMTOthersthers

1G 1980s1G 1980sAnalogAnalog

GSMSMSMSMDMADMADMADMA-S 95S 95S 95S 95

TDMADMADMADMA-S 136S 136S 136S 136PDCDCDCDC

2G 1990s2G 1990sDigitalDigital

echnologiesechnologiesdriverive

3G3G-IMT 2000-IMT 2000

UMTSMTSMTSMTSWCDMACDMACDMACDMAcdmadmadmadma2000000000000

emandsemandsdriverive

-D SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMA

3G provides3G provides compositiveompositive services for both operators and subscribersservices for both operators and subscribers


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Different Service, Different Technology

AMPSMPS

TACSACS

NMTMTOthersthers

1G 1980s1G 1980sAnalogAnalog

GSMSMSMSMDMADMADMADMA-S 95S 95S 95S 95

TDMADMADMADMA-S 136S 136S 136S 136PDCDCDCDC

2G 1990s2G 1990sDigitalDigital

echnologiesechnologiesdriverive

3G3G-IMT 2000-IMT 2000

UMTSMTSMTSMTSWCDMACDMACDMACDMAcdmadmadmadma2000000000000

emandsemandsdriverive

3G provides3G provides compositiveompositive services for both operators and subscribersservices for both operators and subscribers

-D SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMAD SCDMA


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3G Evolution


7/102H U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE SH U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE S

C O LT DC O LT DAll rights reservedAll rights reserved

3G Spectrum Allocation


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Bands WCDMA Used


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3G Application Service

ime Delayime Delay

rrorrrorRatioatio

backgrouackgroundd

conversatonversationalonal

streamingtreaming

interactnteractiveve


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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA

CDMADMA

CDMACDMACDMACDMA:CN based on MAP and GPRS:CN based on MAP and GPRS

:RTT WCDMA:RTT WCDMA

-D SCDMAD SCDMA:CN based on MAP:CN based on MAP and GPRSand GPRS

: -RTT TD SCDMA: -RTT TD SCDMA

cdma2000dma2000:CN based on:CN based on ANSI 41 and MIPANSI 41 and MIP

:RTT cdma2000:RTT cdma2000


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Contents

l3G Overviewl CDMA Principle




l Physical Channels



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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology


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Multiple Access Technology

Frequ

ency

Frequ

ency

TimTimee

PowPowerer

FDMAFDMA

Frequ

ency

Frequ

encyTimTim

ee

PowPow

erer

TDMATDMA

PowPowerer

TimTim

ee

CDMACDMA

Frequency

Frequency


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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology


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Duplex Technology

TimeTime

FrequencyFrequency

PowerPower

TDDTDD

USER 2USER 2

USER 1USER 1

DLDL

ULUL

DLDL

DLDL

ULUL

FDDFDD

TimeTime

FrequencyFrequency

PowerPower

ULUL DLDL

USER 2USER 2

USER 1USER 1


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Contents

l3G Overviewl CDMA Principle




l Physical Channels



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WCDMA Network Architecture

RNSNSRNCNC

RNSNSRNCNC

ore Networkore Network

ode Bode B ode Bode B ode Bode B ode Bode B

-u CSu CS -u PSu PSIurur

Iubub IububIubub Iubub

CNN

UTRANTRAN

UEE Uuu

CSS PSS-u CSu CSu PSu PS

CSSSS


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WCDMA Network Version Evolution

GPPGPPRel99el99 GPP Rel4GPP Rel4 GPPGPPel5el5

2000000 2001001 2002002

/GSM GPRS CN/GSM GPRS CN

WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT

IMSIMS

HSDPAHSDPA GPPGPPel6el6MBMSMBMS

HSUPAHSUPA

2005005

CS domain change toCS domain change toNGNNGN

WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT


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WCDMA Network Version Evolution

lFeatures of R6[ MBMS is introduced

[ HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps

l Features of R7

[ HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO

[ Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps

l Features of R8

[ WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced

[ OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA

[ Max DL rate: 50Mbps, Max UL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)


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Uu Interface protocol structure

L33

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-C plane signaling-C plane signaling -U plane information-U plane information

PHYHY/2 MAC2 MAC

L11

RLCLC

DCDCNtNtGCGC

/2 RLC2 RLC

MACAC

RLCLCRLCLCRLCLC

uplication avoidanceuplication avoidanceUuS boundaryUuS boundary

/2 BMC2 BMC

controlcontrol

PDCPDCPPDCPDCP /2 PDCP2 PDCP

DCDCNtNtGCGC

RRCRC

RLCLCRLCLCRLCLCRLCLC

BMCMC


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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN TerrestrialInterface

lThe structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes arelogically independent of each other.

ApplicationApplication

ProtocolProtocol

DataData

Stream(s)Stream(s)

ALCAP(s)ALCAP(s)

TransportTransportNetworkNetwork

LayerLayer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer

SignalingSignalingBearer(s)Bearer(s)

Control PlaneControl Plane User PlaneUser Plane

Transport NetworkTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser Plane

Transport NetworkTransport NetworkControl PlaneControl Plane

RadioRadioNetworkNetwork

LayerLayer


DataDataBearer(s)Bearer(s)



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General Protocol Mode for UTRAN TerrestrialInterface

lThe structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes arelogically independent of each other.

ApplicationApplication

ProtocolProtocol

DataData

Stream(s)Stream(s)

ALCAP(s)ALCAP(s)

TransportTransportNetworkNetwork

LayerLayer



Control PlaneControl Plane User PlaneUser Plane



RadioRadioNetworkNetwork

LayerLayer


DataDataBearer(s)Bearer(s)



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Iu-CS Interface

ALCAPALCAP

Control PlaneControl Plane


User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer


TransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer

AA BB

RANAPRANAP

AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH

ATMATM


SAAL NNISAAL NNI

SCCPSCCP

MTP3-BMTP3-B

Iu UPIu UP

SAAL NNISAAL NNI

MTP3-BMTP3-B

Transport NetworkTransport Network

User PlaneUser Plane


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Iu-PS Interface

Control PlaneControl Plane User planeUser planeRadioRadioNetworkNetworkLayerLayer


User PlaneUser PlaneTransportTransportNetworkNetworkLayerLayer



CC

RANAPRANAP

ATMATM

SAAL NNISAAL NNI

SCCPSCCP

MTP3-BMTP3-B

Iu UPIu UP

AAL Type 5AAL Type 5

IPIP

UDPUDP

GTP-UGTP-U



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Iub Interface

ALCAPALCAP







NBAPNBAP

AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH

ATMATM


SAAL UNISAAL UNI

Iub FPIub FP

SAAL UNISAAL UNI

NNCCPP

CCCCPP


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Iur Interface

ALCAPALCAP





AA BB

RANAPRANAP

AAL2 PATHAAL2 PATH

ATMATM


SAAL NNISAAL NNI

SCCPSCCP

MTP3-BMTP3-B

Iur DataIur DataStreamStream

SAAL NNISAAL NNI

MTP3-BMTP3-B





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Contents

l 3G Overview

l CDMA Principle




l Physical Channels



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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

SourcourceCodinodinghannel Codinghannel Coding& InterleavingInterleaving Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation

SourceourceDecodinecodinghannel Decodinghannel Decoding& DeinterleavingDeinterleaving Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation

Transmissionransmission

Receptioneception

chiphip odulatedodulatedsignalignalitit symbolymbol

ServicerviceSignalignal

adioadioChannelhannel

ServicerviceSignalignalReceiverReceiver


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WCDMA Source Coding

[ A integrated speech codec with 8source rates

[ The AMR bit rates can be controlled bythe RAN depending on the systemload and quality of the speechconnections

[ H.324 is used for VP Service in CSdomain

[ Includes: video codec, speech codec,data protocols, multiplexing and etc.

CODEC Bit Rate (kbps)

AMR_12.20 12.2 (GSM EFR)

AMR_10.20 10.2

AMR_7.95 7.95

AMR_7.40 7.4 (TDMA EFR)

AMR_6.70 6.7 (PDC EFR)

AMR_5.90 5.9

AMR_5.15 5.15

AMR_4.75 4.75


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TransmitterTransmitter




Receptioneception






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WCDMA Block Coding - CRC

l


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WCDMA Channel Coding

l Effect

[ Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when

interference occurs

[ Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay

l Types

[ No Coding[ Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3)

[ Turbo Coding (1/3)

Code BlockCode Blockof N Bitsof N Bits

No CodingNo Coding

1/2 Convolutional1/2 ConvolutionalCodingCoding

1/3 Convolutional1/3 ConvolutionalCodingCoding

1/3 Turbo Coding1/3 Turbo Coding

Uncoded N bitsUncoded N bits

Coded 2N+16 bitsCoded 2N+16 bits




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WCDMA Interleaving

l Effect

[ Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error

[ Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay

1110

1.........

............

...000

0100

. . .0 1 0 0 0 0 1. . .0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1 11 1 1

1110

1.........

............

...000

0010 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1-nter-nter olumnolumnpermutationermutationutpututputbitsits

nput bitsnput bits

nterleavingnterleaving:eriods:eriods, ,0 40 or 80 ms,0 40 or 80 ms


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Receptioneception






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Correlation

l Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals.

l Identical and Orthogonal signals:

Correlation = 0Correlation = 0Orthogonal signalsOrthogonal signals

-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1[-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1

1 1 1 11 1 1 1

+1+1

-1-1

+1+1

-1-1

+1+1

-1-1

+1+1

-1-1

Correlation = 1Correlation = 1Identical signalsIdentical signals

-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1

[[1 1 1 11 1 1 1

-1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1

CC11

CC22+1+1

+1+1

CC11

CC22


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Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding

UE1:UE1: 11 11

UE2:UE2: 11 11

CC11 :: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

CC22 :: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

UE1c1UE1c1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

UE2c2UE2c2 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

UE1c1UE1c1 UE2c2UE2c2 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0


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Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding

UE1CUE1C11 UE2CUE2C22:: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0UE1UE1 Dispreading by c1Dispreading by c1:: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Dispreading result:Dispreading result: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0

Integral judgment:Integral judgment: 4 (means4 (means 1)1) 4 (means4 (means 1)1)

UE2UE2 Dispreading by cDispreading by c2:2: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Dispreading result:Dispreading result: 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0 2 02 0

Integral judgment:Integral judgment: 4 (means4 (means 1)1) 4 (means4 (means 1)1)


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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

Spreading codeSpreading code

Spreading codeSpreading code

SignalSignal

CombinationCombination

Narrowband signalNarrowband signal

ff

P(f)P(f)

Broadband signalBroadband signal

P(f)P(f)

ff

Noise & Other SignalNoise & Other Signal

P(f)P(f)

ff

Noise+Broadband signalNoise+Broadband signal

P(f)P(f)

ff

Recovered signalRecovered signal

P(f)P(f)

ff


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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

ax al lo wedax al lo wedinterferencenterference/b Nob NoRequiremenequirement

Powerower

ax interferenceax interferenceaused by UE andaused by UE andothersthersrocessing Gainrocessing Gain

EbititDesp read ingesp read ing

nterferencenterferencerom other UErom other UE Echiphip

/ = / Eb No Ec No PG/ = / Eb No Ec No PG


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Process Gain

[[

[)

ratebit

ratechiplog(10GainocessPr =


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Spreading Technology

[ Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols intochips

[ Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal

scramblingscramblingchannelizationchannelization

DataDatasymbolsymbol

Chips afterChips afterspreadingspreading


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WCDMA Channelization Code

l OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used aschannelization code

SF = 8SF = 8SF = 1SF = 1 SF = 2SF = 2 SF = 4SF = 4

CCch,1,0ch,1,0 = (1)= (1)

CCch,2,0ch,2,0 = (1,1)= (1,1)

CCch,2,1ch,2,1 = (1, -1)= (1, -1)

CCch,4,0ch,4,0 = (1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1)

CCch,4,1ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1)

CCch,4,2ch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1)

CCch,4,3ch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1)

CCch,8,0ch,8,0 = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)

CCch,8,1ch,8,1 = (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)= (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)

CCch,8,2ch,8,2 = (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)

CCch,8,3ch,8,3 = (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)= (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)

CCch,8,4ch,8,4 = (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)

CCch,8,5ch,8,5 = (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)= (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)

CCch,8,6ch,8,6 = (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)

CCch,8,7ch,8,7 = (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)= (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)


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WCDMA Channelization Code

Radio bearer SF Radio bearer SF

Speech 12.2 UL 64 Speech 12.2 DL 128

Data 64 kbps UL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 32





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Purpose of Channelization Code

[


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Purpose of Scrambling Code

[


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Scrambling Code

l Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.

l There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used forscrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes areassigned by RNC.

l For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used.


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Primary Scrambling Code Group

rimaryrimary cramblingcramblingodes forodes forownlinkownlinkhysicalhysicalchannelshannels

roup 0roup 0

rimaryrimarycrambling codecrambling code0

rimaryrimary cramblingcrambling*ode 8 63*ode 8 63

rimaryrimary cramblingcrambling* +ode 8 63 7* +ode 8 63 751212 rimaryrimarycramblingcramblingcodesodes

roup 1roup 1

rouproup633



644 rimaryrimary cramblingcramblingode groupsode groups ach group consistsach group consistsf 8 primaryf 8 primarycrambling codescrambling codes


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Code Multiplexing

Scrambling codeScrambling code

Channelization code 1Channelization code 1



User 1 signalUser 1 signal



NodeBNodeB


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Code Multiplexing

NodeBNodeB

Scrambling code 3Scrambling code 3


Channelization codeChannelization code








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Receptioneception






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Modulation Overview

11 0000 11

timetime

Basic steady radioBasic steady radiowave:wave:

carrier =carrier =A.cos(2A.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))Amplitude ShiftAmplitude Shift

Keying:Keying:

AA.cos(2.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))Frequency ShiftFrequency Shift

Keying:Keying:A.cos(2A.cos(2 FFt+t+ ))

Phase Shift Keying:Phase Shift Keying:

A.cos(2A.cos(2 Ft+Ft+ ))

Data to be transmitted:Data to be transmitted:Digital InputDigital Input


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Modulation Overview

11

tt

11 1100

11

tt-1-1

NRZ codingNRZ coding

ffoo

BPSKBPSK

ModulatedModulated

BPSKBPSKsignalsignal

CarrierCarrier

InformationInformationsignalsignal

[= 00 [[ = [[ = 00

11 101022 33 44 99887755 66

11 101022 33 44 99887755 66

Digital InputDigital Input

High FrequencyHigh FrequencyCarrierCarrier

BPSK WaveformBPSK Waveform


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Modulation Overview

-1 -1-1 -1

11 101022 33 44 99887755 66

11 101022 33 44 99887755 66

NRZ InputNRZ Input

I di-Bit StreamI di-Bit Stream

Q di-Bit StreamQ di-Bit Stream

IIComponentComponent

QQ

ComponentComponent

QPSK WaveformQPSK Waveform

11

11

-1-1

11

-1-1

11

11

-1-1

-1-1

-1-1

1 11 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1-1 1 1 -11 -1


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Modulation Overview

NRZNRZcodingcoding

9090oo

NRZNRZcodingcoding

QPSKQPSK

Q(t)Q(t)

I(t)I(t)

ffoo

AA

AA Acos([Acos([oot)t)

Acos([Acos([ oot + /2)t + /2)

[1 1 /4/41 11 7 /4 /41 11 13 /4 /411 11 5 /4 /4

)cos(2: +oAQPSK


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Demodulation

11 101022 33 44 99887755 66

QPSK WaveformQPSK Waveform

1,11,1

-1,-1-1,-1

-1,1-1,1

1,-11,-1

11 -1-111 -1-1 11 -1-1-1-111-1-1 11

-1,1-1,1

NRZ OutputNRZ Output


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WCDMA Modulation

l

HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAMHSDPA: QPSK or 16QAMR99/R4: QPSKR99/R4: QPSK


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SourcourceCodinodingChannehannelCodingoding

Spreadingpreading Modulationodulation

SourceourceDecodinecodingChannelhannelDecodinecoding

Despreadinespreading Demodulatioemodulation


Receptioneception





TransmitterTransmitter

ReceiverReceiver


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Wireless Propagation

ReceivedReceivedSignalSignal

TransmittedTransmittedSignalSignal

Transmission Loss:Transmission Loss:Path Loss + Multi-path FadingPath Loss + Multi-path Fading

TimeTime

AmplitudeAmplitude


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Propagation of Radio Signal

Signal at TransmitterSignal at Transmitter

Signal at ReceiverSignal at Receiver

-40-40

-35-35

-30-30

-25-25

-20-20

-15-15

-10-10

-5-5

dB

dB

00

00dB

m

dB

m

-20-20-15-15

-10-10

-5-5

55

1010

1515

2020

FadingFading


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Fading Categories

l Fading Categories

[ Slow Fading[ Fast Fading


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Diversity Technique


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Diversity


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Principle of RAKE Receiver

eceive seteceive set

orre lator 1orre lator 1orrelator 2orrelator 2orrelator 3orrelator 3

earcherearchercorrelatororrelator alculate thealculate theime delayime delaynd signalnd signalstrengthtrength

ombinerombinerhehe ombinedombinedsignalignal

tttt

( )t)t ( )t)t

-AKE receiver help to overcome on the multi path fading and enhance-AKE receiver help to overcome on the multi path fading and enhancehe receive performance of the systemhe receive performance of the system


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Contents

l 3G Overview

l CDMA Principle




l Physical Channels



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UTRAN Network Structure

RNSNS

RNCNC

RNSNS

RNCNC

ore Networkore Network

NodeBodeB NodeBodeB NodeBodeB NodeBodeB

-u CSu CS -u PSu PSIurur

Iubub IububIubub Iubub

CNN

UTRANTRAN

UEE Uuu

CSS PSS-u CSu CSu PSu PS

CSSSS


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Uu Interface Protocol Structure

L33

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-C plane signaling-C plane signaling -U plane information-U plane information

PHYHY/2 MAC2 MAC

L11

RLCLC

DCDCNtNtGCGC

/2 RLC2 RLC

MACAC

RLCLCRLCLCRLCLC

uplication avoidanceuplication avoidanceUuS boundaryUuS boundary

/2 BMC2 BMC

controlcontrol

PDCPDCPPDCPDCP /2 PDCP2 PDCP

DCDCNtNtGCGC

RRCRC

RLCLCRLCLCRLCLCRLCLC

BMCMC

radio bearerradio bearer

logical channellogical channel

transport channeltransport channel


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RAB, RB and RL

RABRAB

RBRB

RLRLNodeBNodeB

RNCRNCCNCNUEUE

UTRANUTRAN


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Contents

l 3G Overview

l CDMA Principlel WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure



l Physical Channels



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WCDMA Radio Interface Channel Definition


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Logical Channel

ontrol channelontrol channel

raffic channelraffic channelDedicated traffic channelDedicated traffic channel ( )DTCH( )DTCHCommon traffic channelCommon traffic channel ( )CTCH( )CTCH

Broadcast control channelBroadcast control channel ( )BCCH( )BCCH

Paging control channelPaging control channel ( )PCCH( )PCCHDedicate control channelDedicate control channel

( )DCCH( )DCCHCommon control channelCommon control channel ( )CCCH( )CCCH


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Logical Channel

ontrol channelontrol channel

raffic channelraffic channelDedicated traffic channelDedicated traffic channel ( )DTCH( )DTCHCommon traffic channelCommon traffic channel ( )CTCH( )CTCH

Broadcast control channelBroadcast control channel ( )BCCH( )BCCH

Paging control channelPaging control channel ( )PCCH( )PCCHDedicate control channelDedicate control channel

( )DCCH( )DCCHCommon control channelCommon control channel ( )CCCH( )CCCH


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Transport Channel

Dedicated ChannelDedicated Channel ( )DCH( )DCH

Broadcast channelBroadcast channel ( )BCH( )BCHForward access channelForward access channel

( )FACH( )FACHPaging channelPaging channel ( )PCH( )PCHRandom access channelRandom access channel ( )RACH( )RACH

-High speed downlink shared channel

-High speed downlink shared channel

( - )HS DSCH( - )HS DSCH

ommon transportommon transportchannelhannel

edicatededicatedransport channelransport channel


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Physical Channel

l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code

(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.

l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading

code) can distinguish the channels.

l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio

frame consists of 15 time slots.

l Two types of physical channel: UL and DL

hysical Channelhysical Channel, ,Frequency Code Phase, ,Frequency Code Phase


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Downlink Physical Channel

lDownlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)l

Downlink Common Physical ChannelDownlink Common Physical Channel[Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)[Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

[Synchronization Channel (SCH)Synchronization Channel (SCH)

[Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

[Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

[Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

[High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

[High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)


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Uplink Physical Channel

l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH)

[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)

[ High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)

l Uplink Common Physical Channel

[ Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Function of Physical Channel


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y

NodeBodeB UEE

- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel- -P CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel

- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot ChannelSCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel

- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel- --P CPICH Primary Common Pilot ChannelSCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel

el l Se a r che ll S e a rc hC h a n n e l sh a n n e l s

--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

e d i c a t e de d i c a t e dC h a n n e l sh a n n e l s

a gi ng Ch ann el sa gi ng Ch an ne ls--PICH Paging--PICH Paging Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel--PICH Paging--PICH Paging Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel

--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

--AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel--AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel

a n do m A cc es s C h an n e lsa n do m A cc e ss C ha n ne ls

- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel- --HS DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel

- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel

ig h Sp e e d Do w nl ink S ha r e Ch a nn el si g h S pe e d Do w nl in k S ha r e Ch a nn el s


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Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH)

l Used for cell search

l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCHl SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of

every time slot

lPrimary synchronization code is transmittedPrimary synchronization code is transmitted

repeatedly in each time slotrepeatedly in each time slotlSecondary synchronization code specifies theSecondary synchronization code specifies the

scrambling code groups of the cellscrambling code groups of the cell

rimaryrimarySCHCHecondaryecondarySCHCH

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot 14#lot 14

acc ss ,i 0,i 0

ppcc ppcc ppcc

acc ss ,i 1,i 1 accss ,i 14,i 14

56 chips56 chips560 chips560 chips ne 10 ms SCH radio framene 10 ms SCH radio frame

Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-


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Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)

slot numberScrambling

Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16

Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10

Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12

Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7

Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2

Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11

Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16

Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10

l....acacpp

#lot ?#lot ?-SCHSCH acac

pp

#lot ?#lot ?

166 6SCHSCHacac

pp

#lot ?#lot ?

111 Group 2Group 2, ,Slot 7 8 9, ,Slot 7 8 9256 chips256 chips


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Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)

l Primary PCPICH

[ Carrying pre-defined sequence[ Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0 , Fixed rate 30Kbps

[ Scrambled by the primary scrambling code

[ Broadcast over the entire cell

[ A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH anddownlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell

-re defined symbol sequencere defined symbol sequence

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lo t #lot i lotlo t#1414

Tslotlot = ,560 chips 20 bits,560 chips 20 bits

:radio frame T:radio frame Tr = 0 ms= 0 ms

Primary Common Control Physical Channel


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Primary Common Control Physical Channel(PCCPCH)

l Carrying BCH transport channel

l Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps Cch, 256, 1 )

l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time

slot

CCPCH DataCCPCH Data8 bits8 bits

#lot 0#lot 0:radio frame T:radio frame Tf= 0 ms 0 ms

#lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i

56 chips56 chips

#lot 14#lot 14

T slotlo t ,560 chips 20 bits,560 chips 20 bits SCHCH


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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

l Carrying Paging Indicators (PI)

l Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256

l N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1 } in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,

or 144

( )ne radio frame 10 ms( )ne radio frame 10 ms

b 10

88 bits for paging88 bits for pagingindicationndication ( )2 bits undefined( )2 bits undefinedb 28 787 b 28 888 b 29 999

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel


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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel(SCCPCH)

l Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4

[ Pilot: used for demodulation[ TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe

data format

Dataata bits bits

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14:radio frame T:radio frame Tf= 0 ms 0 ms

T slotlo t= ,560 chips,560 chipsDataat a

Pilotilot bits bitsPilotilot bits bitsTFCIFC I

TFCIFC I*0 20 2 k ( = .. )its k 0 6( = .. )its k 0 6

C ( C )


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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

essage partessage partreamblereamble096 chips096 chips ( )0 ms one radio frame( )0 ms one radio frame

Preamblereamble Preamblereamble

essage partessage partreamblereamble096 chips096 chips ( )0 ms two radio frames( )0 ms two radio frames

Preamblereamble Preamblereamble

PRACH M S


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PRACH Message Structure

Pilotilot bits bits

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14

essage part radio frame Tessage part radio frame T= 0 ms 0 ms

Tslotlo t= , *560 chips 10 2, *560 chips 10 2Pilotilot

TFCIFC I bits bitsTFCIFC I

Dataat aN dataat a bitsitsataata

Controlontrolkk ( = .. )its k 0 3( = .. )its k 0 3

PRACH A Ti l t St t


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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure

#11 #22 #33 #44 #55 #66 #77 #88 #99 #1010 #1111 #1212 #1313 #1414120 chips120 chips

:adio frame 10 ms:adio frame 10 ms :adio frame 10 ms:adio frame 10 ms

#ccess slot 0#ccess slot 0 Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission#ccess slot 1#ccess slot 1

#ccess slot 7#ccess slot 7

#ccess slot 14#ccess slot 14

Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission

Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission

Random Access TransmissionRandom Access Transmission#ccess slot 8#ccess slot 8

A i iti I di t Ch l (AICH)


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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

#S 14#S 14 #S 0#S 0 #S 1#S 1 #S i#S i #S 14#S 14 #S 0#S 0

a1 a20 a311 a322300 a333 a388 a399I partI part nused partnused part

0 ms0 ms

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel


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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH&DPCCH)

l

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel


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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH&DPCCH)

PilotilotNpilotilot bitsbits

TPCPCNTPCPC bitsbits

DataataNdataata bitsbits

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14

Tslotlot = , *560 chips 10 2= , *560 chips 10 2 itsits( = .. )0 6= .. )0 6

:radio frame T:radio frame Tf = 0 ms= 0 ms

DPDCHPDCH

DPCCHPCCH FBIBINFBIBI bitsbitsTFCIFCI

NTFCIFCI bitsbits

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel


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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel(DPDCH+DPCCH)

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel


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y(DPDCH+DPCCH)

,ne radio frame T,ne radio frame Tf = 0 ms= 0 ms#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot i#lot i #lot 14#lot 14

Tslotlot = , *560 chips 20 2= , *560 chips 20 2 k( =- .. )its k 1 6( =- .. )its k 1 6

Data2ata2Ndata2ata2 bitsbits

DPDCHPDCHTFCIFCI

NTFCIFCI bitsbits PilotilotNpilotilot bitsbitsData1ata1N ata1ata1 bitsitsDPDCHPDCH DPCCHPCCH DPCCHPCCH

TPCPCNTPCPC bitsbits

High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel


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g p y(HS-PDSCH)

l Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from the

transport channell SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1lot 1 #lot 2#lot 2

Tslotlot = , * *560 chips M 10 2= , * *560 chips M 10 2 k ( = )its k 4( = )its k 4DataataNdata1ata1 bitsbits

:subframe T:subframe Tf = ms= ms

High-Speed Shared Control Channel


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g p(HS-SCCH)

l Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation

scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size(6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new

data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit)

l HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel

used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1lot 1 #lot 2#lot 2

Tslotlot = ,560 chips 40 bits= ,560 chips 40 bitsDataataNdata1ata1 bitsbits

:subframe T:subframe Tf = ms= ms

High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel


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g p y(HS-DPCCH )

l Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and

feedback information to the system for scheduling and linkadaptation of transport block

[ CQI and ACK/NACK

l Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256

Subframe #0Subframe #0 Subframe #iSubframe #i Subframe #nSubframe #n

One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )

ACK/NACKACK/NACK

1 radio frame: T1 radio frame: Tff= 10 ms= 10 ms

CQICQI

TTslotslot = 2560 chips= 2560 chips 2 T2 Tslotslot = 5120 chips= 5120 chips

Mapping Between Channels


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Mapping Between Channels

ogical channelsogical channels ransport channelsransport channels hysical channelshysical channelsBCCHCCH BCHCH -CCPCHCCPCH

FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCHPCCHCCH PCHCH -CCPCHCCPCHCCCHCCH RACHACH PRACHRACH

FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCHCTCHTCH FACHACH -CCPCHCCPCH,CCH DTCHCCH DTCH DCHCH DPDCHPDCH

-S DSCHS DSCH -S PDSCHS PDSCH,ACH FACHACH FACH , -RACH S CCPCH-RACH S CCPCH

Contents


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H U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE SH U A W E IT E C H N O LO G IE SC O LT DC O LT D All rights reservedAll rights reserved

Contents

l 3G Overview

l CDMA Principlel WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure



l Physical Channels


Synchronization Procedure Cell Search


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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search

rame synchronizationrame synchronization& ode Group ode GroupIdentificationdentification

crambling Codecrambling CodeIdentificationdentification

UE uses SSC to find frameUE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found incode group of the cell found in

the first stepthe first step

UE determines the primary scramblingUE determines the primary scrambling

code through correlation over thecode through correlation over thePCPICH with all codes within thePCPICH with all codes within the,identified group and then detects,identified group and then detects

-the P CCPCH and reads BCH-the P CCPCH and reads BCHinformationinformation

lotlotSynchronizationynchronization UE uses PSC to acquireUE uses PSC to acquire

slot synchronization to aslot synchronization to acellcell

Random Access ProcedureSTARTTART


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hoose a RACH sub channel fromhoose a RACH sub channel fromvailable onesvailable ones

e t a va il ab le s ig na tu re set available signatures

et Preamble Retrans Maxet Preamble Retrans Max

et Preamble_Initial_Poweret Preamble_Initial_Power

end a preambleend a preamble

h ec k t he c or re spo nd in g A Ih ec k th e c or re spo nd in g A I

ncrease message part power byncrease message part power by-m based on preamble powerm based on preamble power

et physical status to be RACHet physical status to be RACHessage transmittedessage transmitted et physical status to be Nacket physical status to be Nackn AICH receivedn AICH received

hoose a access slot againhoose a access slot again

> &ounter 0 Preamble power&ounter 0 Preamble power< a xi mu m a ll ow ed p ow er a xi mu m a ll ow ed p ow er

hoose a signature andhoose a signature andn cr ea se p re am bl e t ra ns mi t p ow ern cr ea se p re am bl e t ra ns mi t p ow er

et physical status to be Nacket physical status to be Nackn AICH receivedn AICH received

et negative AIet negative AIo AIo AI

eport the physical status to MACeport the physical status to MAC

EN DND

et positive AIet positive AI

h e c oun te r o f p re am bl e r et ra ns mi th e co un ter o f p re am bl e r et ra ns mi t,ubtract 1 Commanded preamble power,ubtract 1 Commanded preamble powerncreased by Power Ramp Stepncreased by Power Ramp Step

N

Y

e nd t he c or res po ndi ng m ess ag e p ar te nd t he c or re sp on di ng me ss age p ar t

Transmit Diversity Mode


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y

Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop mode

TSTD STTD Mode 1 Mode 2P-CCPCH applied SCH applied S-CCPCH applied DPCH applied applied appliedPICH applied HS-PDSCH applied applied

HS-SCCH applied

AICH applied

Transmit Diversity - STTD


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Transmit Diversity - STTD

bb00 bb11 bb22 bb33 Antenna 1Antenna 1

Antenna 2Antenna 2Channel bitsChannel bits

STTD encoded channel bitsSTTD encoded channel bits.for antenna 1 and antenna 2.for antenna 1 and antenna 2

bb00 bb11 bb22 bb33

-b-b22 bb33 bb00 -b-b11

Transmit Diversity - TSTD


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Transmit Diversity - TSTD

ntenna 1ntenna 1

ntenna 2ntenna 2

,i 0,i 0

,i 1,i 1

acacss,i 14,i 14

#lot 0#lot 0 #lot 1#lot 1 #lot 14#lot 14

,i 2,i 2

acacpp

#lot 2#lot 2

(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF

(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF

(Tx(Tx)OFF)OFF

(Tx(Tx )OFF)OFF

(Tx(Tx

)OFF

)OFF

(Tx(Tx

)OFF)OFF

(Tx(Tx

)OFF)OFF

acacpp acacpp

acacssacacss

acacpp

acacss(Tx(Tx

)OFF)OFF

Closed Loop Mode


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Closed Loop Mode


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Thank YouThank You

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